Dziko lakwawoli ndi East Asia. Chomera ichi n'chodziwika kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale, koma kwa nthawi yoyamba sayansi inayamba kulankhula za tsikulili mu 1753. Wofufuza wina wa ku Sweden Karl Linney anatcha zomera gemerocallis, kuphatikiza mawu awiri achigriki: amamva (tsiku, tsiku) ndi callos (kukongola). Dzinali limatanthauza kuti kukongola kwa chomera kumakhala tsiku limodzi lokha.
Kukongola kwake kochititsa chidwi kumatchuka osati kokha kwa malimidwe a tsikulo, komanso chifukwa cha "zoopsa" zomwe zimamera kuthengo. Maluwa a daylily ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri, kotero kuti ngakhale amalima a maluwa amachitcha kuti chomera chaulesi.
Chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa a ku America ndi a Australia, mzaka zaposachedwapa wakhala akukhala "pachimake cha mafashoni." Ngakhale kuti mitundu yatsopano ya zomera inakhala "yopanda nzeru", kukongola kwawo kodabwitsa kumaphatikizapo nthawi ndi khama lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Kutchuka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi kwathandizira kubzala mitundu yambiri. Izi zinachitika m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 1900 chifukwa cha khama la botanist wotchuka wa America, Earl Stout.
Nthawi yolima minda yamaluwa
Sikulilies - zomera zovuta kwambiri, kubzala ndi kusamalira kumunda zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa oyambitsa onse ndi olima wamaluwa.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa tsikuli ndi nthawi yoyambira pansi. Ndiyitali kwambiri ndipo imaphimba mpata kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka mochedwa. Kusankha nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala tsiku ndi tsiku kumadalira nyengo yoyendera nyengo, ndipo izi sizingatheke kunyalanyazidwa.
Ngati kutalika kwanu kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyamba kofulumira kwa nyengo yozizira, tsiku lamasiku, lomwe linabzalidwa mu kugwa, sangakhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanafike chisanu. Kawirikawiri, chomerachi chimafuna mwezi wokhala wodalirika. Ngati mumakhala m'munda wamaluwa ndi nthawi yoyamba kapena yamaluwa, ndiye kuti ngakhale kumadera akutali kutali ndi kum'mwera, tsiku lomwe mwabzalidwa lidzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Malinga ndi alimi odziwa bwino ntchito, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala masana m'madera a gulu lapakati ndi miyezi yotsiriza yamasika ndi chilimwe - May ndi August.
Kubzala mu kugwa
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsikulily m'dzinja? Kulima tsikulili sikuli kosiyana ndi kubzala mbewu ina iliyonse. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba dzenje lakuya 30 cm. Kenaka mosamala muyike mizu ya mmera ndikuiika ndi nthaka ku khola, kenako muizitsanulire.
Mukamabzala m'dzinja, musaiwale kuphimba tsikuli ndi udzu, kapena kupanga dziko lapansi limodzi ndi masamba humus. Izi zidzateteza chomeracho mozizira ku nyengo yozizira ndi chinyezi chokwanira kulowa mu mizu.
Kulowa masika
Mazirali angabzalidwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chinthu chachikulu ndichoti nthaka ikhale yotenthedwa mokwanira kuti itetewe. Inde, alimi odziwa bwino amadziwa momwe angabzalidwe masana pamapeto, koma kodi obwera kumene akuyenera kuchita chiyani?
Chinthu choyamba choyamba ndi kukonzekera kwa dzenje. Tangoganizani kuti chomeracho chidzakhalabe m'malo ano kwa zaka zisanu, zomwe zidzakula ndikukula kukula. Tsikulily sayenera kukhala yodzaza malo pomwe ikufika. Ngati dera lakumidzi lanu lidzaza ndi zinthu zothandiza, ndiye kuti dzenje loti likhale ladzuwa liyenera kukhala la kukula kwake kotero kuti limangokhala mizu ya zomera. Ngati nthaka yowuma ndi yolemera, ndiye kuti dzenje liyenera kukhala lalikulu nthawi ziwiri, ndipo pepala la humus kapena kompositi yothira mchenga iyenera kuikidwa pansi. Simudziwa momwe mungapulumutsire mvula yam'mawa musanadzalemo m'chaka. Ingolani kudula mu nyuzipepala, kuiyika mu furiji, ndipo idzakhala yabwino kufikira mutabzala.
Pambuyo pokonza fossa, pangani piramidi yaing'ono pansi. Ikani sapling pamasitomala pamwamba pake, ndipo pang'anani mosamala mizu pansi pambali ya piramidi iyi. Phulani dzenje ndi dziko lapansi, panthawi imodzimodziyo muphwanye pang'onopang'ono ndi manja anu ndikutsanulira madzi. Mutabzala, mizu yazuyo ikhale pansi pamtunda wosachepera 2-2.5 masentimita, ngati lamulo ili silinatsatidwe, tsikuli lidzasintha kwambiri. Kumbukiraninso kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mapulaneti oyendetsedwa ayenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi.
Kusankha malo okhala
Tsikulily ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda dzuwa ndi malo owala kwambiri. Mungathe kuswa nsalu zokhala ndi maluwa m'mphepete mwa msewu, motero mumapanga timapepala tomwe timapanga "maluwa". Chidziwitso cha tsikuli ndikuti kuwala kwake kumakhala kowala kwambiri, ndipo dzuwa limatha kulandira. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mthunzi wina, ndipo masamba am'mawa, omwe amadzala pansi pa dzuwa, mwamsanga amakhala oyera. Ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsikulili patsiku la penumbra, chifukwa, chifukwa cha dzuwa, mitundu yonse yamtunduwu imatuluka mofulumira ndipo imakhala yosakongola komanso yokongola.
Kuunikira ndi kutentha
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, maulendo am'derali amakonda malo owala, koma chifukwa chodzala dzuŵa liyenera kupewa.
Nthawi ya zomera zam'mawa imayamba mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pamene chisanu chimasungunuka ndi chisanu, pamene kutentha sikugwa pansi pa 0 ° C usiku. Kawirikawiri kudzuka kwadzuwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. M'dzinja, kutentha kwa usiku kungawonongeke kufika pa -3 ° C, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba oyambirira ayambe kufota. Kumayambiriro yophukira frosts, masamba a maluwa a chomera alibe ngakhale nthawi kutembenukira chikasu ndipo nthawi yomweyo fade. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira, maluwa am'maluwa amatha kuipa kwambiri. Maluwa a chomerawo amakhala ochepa ndipo samatsegulira kwathunthu, koma sangatsegulidwe konse, kungowamba ndi kugwa pansi. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumachepetsa nthawi ya maluwa a tsikulily ndi kutentha mapeto a masamba ake.
Ndi nthaka yotani yomwe ili ngati kakombo la tsiku
Zomwe zimapanga nthaka yomwe idakalipidwa tsikuli sizimathandiza kwambiri mbewuyi. Chomeracho ndi munda wamba wamba. Ngati dothi silili lopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti likhoza kumangidwa mosavuta ndi chithandizo cha kompositi kapena mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, nyimbo zoterezi zimagulitsidwa mu sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa kapena munda. Ngati dothi liri lolemera kwambiri ndi lolemera, ndiye kuti likhoza kuchepetsedwa pang'ono ndi mchenga wamba kuti lisakhale ndi chinyezi chochuluka. Mvula yam'madzi imatha kukula mchenga, koma pakakhala izi zimafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, monga madzi m'madzi otere amatha msanga.
Mmene mungabzalitse duwa
Musanayambe kudyetsa tsikulili, liyenera kutsetsereka m'madzi kwa kanthawi ndi kuchepetsedwa kochepa. Zokondweretsa zoterozo ndizoyenera mankhwala monga "Zircon", "Epin", "Gumat", ndi zina zotero.
Kuyambira tsiku lomwelo kuli mbewu yosatha, malo oti mubzala ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera. Chomerachi chimafuna malo okwanira mokwanira pabedi la maluwa. Choncho, dzenje lodzala tsikulili liyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm. Komanso mu dzenjeli, choyamba muyenera kuthira peat osakaniza, ndikuwonjezera fetereza phosphate feteleza. Pambuyo pake, tsikuli modzichepetsa amatsikira mu dzenje. Chomeracho chiyenera kubzalidwa ku msinkhu wake. Malo onse otsala a fossa ayenera kukhala ndi nthaka ya dothi, ndiyeno iyenera kukhala yaying'ono ndi kuthirira bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chinyontho chimathamanga mwamsanga, zimatanthauza kuti dothi silinali lokwanira. Pankhaniyi, ingowonjezerani nthaka youma ndikuphwanya pansi.
Momwe mungamwetsere tsikulily pa kama
Tsikulily ndi chomera chomwe chimafuna kuthirira kwambiri. Chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, maluwa ake amachepa kwambiri, ndipo masambawo amakhala osasangalatsa komanso ochepa.
Malamulo osamala kwambiri a ulimi wothirira ayenera kuwonetsedwa panthawi yokula. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi molunjika kumadalira dothi limene limakula tsikuli. Pofuna kuti tsiku lililonse lisakhale ndi vuto la chinyontho, m'pofunika kuyang'anira nthaka nthawi zonse - siziyenera kuuma. Kwa ulimi wothirira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochulukirapo kuti asungunule nthaka ndi kuya kwa mita imodzi.
Daylilies ayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Ngati maluwa amamera mchenga, imayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, komanso ndibwino kuti muzitha kuzungulira nthaka kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa madzi.
Kuthirira bwino kumachitika madzulo, koma asanafike mdima. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira madzi mwachindunji pa masamba ndi masamba a chomeracho, chifukwa cha izi akhoza kuwonongeka. Imwani maluwa pamtunda womwewo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira m'munda wodula akhoza kukhala ndi nsonga ngati mpweya waukulu - choncho madzi othamanga sangatsuke pansi kuchokera pansi pazu.
Kupaka pamwamba ndi feteleza wam'mawa
Kudyetsa feteleza ndi kudyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku kumachitika mutatha kuphunzira za nthaka, pambuyo pake fetereza imasankhidwa.
Lamulo lalikulu - feteleza aliwonse samagwiritsidwa ntchito pasanafike masabata awiri mutatha kubzala mitengo. Mbewu yaying'ono idzafuna 2-3 chakudya choonjezera pa nyengo, wamkulu wamkulu (wazaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri) ndi maluwa ochuluka tsikulily adzafuna 4-5 kudyetsa.
- Kumayambiriro kwa masika, tsikulili amadyetsedwa ndi mchere wambiri wamchere. Chofala kwambiri ndi NPK 16:16:16 (kuchepetsedwa mofanana: supuni 1 ya granules pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Mu April ndi May, kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwake, feteleza ovuta okhala ndi nayitrogeni (diammonium phosphate, ammophos, nitroammophosphate) akuwonjezeredwa.
- Mu chilimwe, pamene tsikuli limamasula, limatha kudya chakudya. Chifukwa chaichi, yankho la mullein, manyowa a nkhuku kapena udzu wobiriwira ndi woyenera.
- Kumapeto kwa mvula (kumayambiriro kwa autumn) fetereza imapangidwa ndi sulphate ndi phulusa, kapena ndi nitroammophore - izi zimadalira nyengo. Kuvala izi kumakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa maluwa ndi chiwerengero chawo mu nyengo yatsopano.
Momwe mungalengeze chomera molondola
Tsikulily ndi chomera chodzichepetsa chomwe chingamere pamalo amodzi popanda kuika kwa zaka 12-15. Koma izi ndi zosayenera, chifukwa patatha nthawi inayake maluwa adzakhala ochepa, ndipo chitsamba chidzatenga mtundu wina wosasamala. Ndipo zakale, zowonjezereka pambuyo pake zimatha kudwala ndikufa. Pofuna kupeŵa mavuto oterewa, ndi bwino kuyambitsa magawano ndi kuziika kamodzi pakatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Tsikulily akhoza kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zofunika, zomwe zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku Germany amanena mochenjera kuti tsikuli ndi maluwa a anthu aulesi anzeru, ndiko kuti, wamaluwa omwe amasankha zomera zokongola zomwe sizikusowa ntchito kuti azilembe.
Njira ya Mbewu
Kubzala kwa madzulo kwa mbewu ndi njira yofala pakati pa wamaluwa. Nthanga zam'madzi zimatha kuchepa mwamsanga, chifukwa chake mbewu zabwino zowotchera bwino zimabzala m'dzinja. Njira yofesa ndi yophweka ndipo safuna zipangizo zamakono ndi luso. Tengani nyembazo ndikuzifesa mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino (umuna ndi kukumba), kuonjezera ku kuya kwa 2 masentimita.Ngati pazifukwa zina simunakhale ndi nthawi yofesa, mukhoza kuisandutsa kumayambiriro, makamaka, musaiwale kuti muyambe mbewu stratification (kutsanzira zinthu zachilengedwe kuti zidzutse).
Njira zamasamba
Monga tanena kale, nthawi yabwino yoswana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi masika. Pakugwa, amatha kuikanso, koma zidutswa zadzuwa ziyenera kukhala zazikulu.
Kubzala kwa mapulaneti ndi cuttings kumayambira ndi kusankha kwachangu overgrown chitsamba, yomwe ndi nthawi yokonzanso. Dulani shrub ndipo, pogwiritsira ntchito shears kapena maluwa, phulani mtundu wonse wobiriwira ndikuchoka pamtunda wozungulira 15-20 masentimita pamwamba. Kudula masamba ndi kofunikira pofuna kubwezeretsa bwino pakati pa amadyera ndi mizu yowonongeka.
Tsopano mukhoza kuyamba kugawa chitsamba. Mukhoza kuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito mafoloko, powagawaniza ndi chitsamba chamatchire mumadontho aang'ono. Ngati mulibe foloko, mungayesere kuchita izo ndi manja. Kenaka fufuzani dzenje pamtunda ndikuika pang'ono pasiziyamu sulphate m'munsi, popeza tsikuli lidayenera nthaka yochepa. Khalani phesi mu dzenje mpaka pamlingo wa muzu wa muzu, pang'onopang'ono kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi, kuthira pansi, ndikutsanulira.
Kanyengerera pang'ono kuti maluwa agwire mwamsanga
Kodi mumadziwa kuti pobzala mitengo yowonongeka, mungathe kuwathandiza kuti muwone msanga, motero chitsamba chikukula? Mwamsanga pamene mphukira ya wosakanizidwa imatha kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 5-6, kudula iwo theka. Kugwiritsira ntchito kophweka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti chomeracho chikhale ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira ndipo nthawi zambiri chiwonjezere chiwerengero cha peduncles.
Tsikulily - chokongola chenicheni cha munda. Muzimusamalira pang'ono, ndipo adzakukondani ndi mazira ake a utawaleza kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn!
