Alimi alimi amadziwa mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku zomwe zinamera pakhomo. Pali mitundu imene imapezeka ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito, ndipo pali otchedwa "anthu", omwe amawotchedwa amateurs.
Ndipo lero ife tikukuuzani za mtundu uwu. Awa ndi nkhuku zowonongeka zomwe zinawoneka m'zaka za m'ma 1800 m'mapulasi a Zarist Russia.
Mbiri ya mtunduwu
Nkhuku izi zimadziwika ndi dzina lake ku chigawo cha Livny m'chigawo cha Oryol. Kunali pano kuti zitsanzo zoyambirira za nkhuku zinkaonekera, zomwe zinali zosiyana ndi kulemera kwabwino ndi mazira abwino kwambiri. Anthu osauka, ngakhale kuti sankadziwa njira zasayansi za kusankha, adatha kupeza gulu lodziwika bwino la nkhuku za Livén. 
Mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, nkhuku zowonongeka zikhoza kuwonetsedwa pafupi ndi banja lililonse, komanso m'zaka za nkhondo-pambuyo pa minda ya nkhuku zambiri. 
Koma, ngakhale phindu lonse, m'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo gulu lobadwa linatayika.
Masiku ano, pansi pa dzina lakuti "Liven chintz", nkhuku za Chiyukireniya (Poltava) zimatha kupezeka, zomwe alimi ena a nkhuku amadziona kuti ndi livens, ndipo ena amasiyanitsa "Ukrainian calico" ngati gulu losiyana. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti mtundu wa kalulu wa liven hens sunadziwike.
Mukudziwa? Pali nkhuku zakuda kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ali ndi nthenga zokha, komanso mafupa, nyama ndi mitsempha. Zitsambazi zinamera ku Indonesia ndipo zinayitana ayam simenti.
Zizindikiro za kunja
Chiberekero chimatanthawuza nyama ndi dzira. Timawapatsanso maubwenzi ndi akazi ndi amuna.
Amuna
Ambiri a nkhuku ndi 3.5 kg. Pa nthenga iliyonse mungapeze mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhala pamodzi ndikupanga mtundu wodabwitsa wa mphukira yonse. Thupi la nkhuku ndi lamphamvu, litambasulidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mbalame pamutu imakhala ngati duwa kapena tsamba. Mwinanso pangakhale mapazi otsika ndi amphongo. 
Petushki
Tambala ali ndi thupi lalikulu komanso lalikulu, ndipo lilemera ndilo 4.5 kg. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi mchira waukulu, womwe umapanga mbali yoyenera ndi thupi ndipo uli ndi zida zabwino. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi wakuda ndi wachikasu, pangakhale phokoso la golide kapena sildes. Palinso nthenga yaikulu pa khosi, yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwake. Mutu ndi waung'ono, umatha ndi kukula kwake, masamba oboola masamba.
Kutha msinkhu ndi dzira
Nkhuku za Livensky zikhoza kutchulidwa ndi chithunzithunzi cha kutha msinkhu. Pambuyo pake, atanyamula mazira, amapereka zinthu zabwino, amachokera pa miyezi 6-7.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku ikakhala ndi nthawi yotsekemera, kulemera kwa dzira kumachepa. Amayambanso kutenga mazira ochepa pa nthawi ya molting, ndiko kuti, kumapeto kwa autumn.
Achinyamata, mazira ndi ang'ono ndipo palibe ambiri mwa iwo. Choncho, kwa chaka choyamba chagona, mazira 80 omwe amalemera mpaka 60 g amapezeka. Koma nkhuku ikadali pachimake, chiwerengerocho chikhoza kufika zidutswa 200 patsiku, ndipo kulemera kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri kufika pa 90 g.
Mazira a nkhuku za mtundu uwu ali ndi chipolopolo chofiira kwambiri, ndipo pangakhale phokoso lamkati mkati. 
Makhalidwe
Makhalidwe mu heven livens wodekha, wochezeka. Komanso, sagwira ntchito, tingathe kunena - phlegmatic. Zinthuzi zimapangitsa nkhukuzi kuti zizikhala bwino kwambiri polima.
Ndipo ina yowonjezeranso: nkhuku izi zimakhala chete. Liventsy sadzakuukitsani inu ndi kufuula kwawo kwanjala dzuwa litatuluka, ndipo pa izi iwo ali angwiro.
Komanso, mbalamezi sizonyansa, zimamudziwa mwiniwake ndi mawu. Koma onetsani chithunzi chonse cha amuna omwe amakonda kukangana, nthawi zina ngakhale ndi mbuye wawo. Ndiye taganizirani mbali iyi yosasangalatsa.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zili ndi chinenero chenicheni cholankhulana. Akatswiri ozindikira amatha kudziwa zowopsa za nkhuku makumi atatu, zomwe zikutanthauza zochitika zinazake. Mwachitsanzo: "Ndikuyika dzira!" kapena "Fulumira kuno! Pali mphutsi pano!".
Zapadera za kuswana ndi kusamalira nkhuku zophika
Pakubereka ndi kusamalira mtundu uwu pali mfundo zomwe mukufunikira kuzidziwa. Talingalirani iwo mwatsatanetsatane. 
Kupititsa patsogolo Pakhomo ndi Mavuto Achikhalidwe
Nyumba za nkhuku zikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana ndi nkhuku zoterezi. Iyi ndi nkhuku yotsekedwa, kumene mbalameyo imatha usiku, komanso malo omwe ali pafupi ndi malo oyendamo.
Khoka sangakhoze kukhala mkangano m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa mtundu uwu ndi chisanu chosagwira. Koma kutentha kumafunika kuyang'aniridwa - sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa -5 ° C. Ndikofunika kwambiri kupanga mpweya wokwanira m'chipinda ndikupatsa mbalame pabedi la udzu kapena udzu.
Chidebecho chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira ukhondo wa nkhuku, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zidzateteza ubwino wa mbalame ndikuletsa kufala kwa matenda.
Phunzirani zambiri za kumanga nkhuku nkhuku: momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino, kuyatsa, phokoso, zisa, odyetsa ndi kumwa; Momwe mungayankhire nkhuku nkhuku ndi manja anu, ndibwino kuti muchite.
Livenki amakonda kuuluka, kotero mbola ya nkhuku iyenera kuzungulira ndi mpanda waukulu, mwinamwake mudzayang'ana zamoyo zanu kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo. Komanso, musaiwale za chikondi cha zinyama zamoyo kumenyana. Koposa zonse, banja ili liyenera kukhala losiyana ndi ena okhala m'bwalo la mbalame. Pakati pawokha amakhala mwamtendere. 
Mphamvu
Mbali yofunikira ya chisamaliro cha nkhuku ndi kupereka chakudya chabwino. Inde, tiyenera kulingalira zaka za ziweto.
Nkhuku
Ngati muli ndi nkhuku, konzekerani kudyetsa iwo maola 12 atabadwa.
Ndikofunikira! Masiku asanu ndi awiri oyambirira a moyo, nkhuku ziyenera kudyetsedwa maola awiri, ngakhale usiku. Asanagone, fufuzani mbuzi zawo - ziyenera kukhala zangwiro, osadyetsa anawo mosiyana.
Akatswiri oyambirira a chakudya amalimbikitsa kuti mbewu zizikhala pansi bwino; Mutha kupereka zowonjezera zowonjezera zosakaniza ndizouma. Mavitchi sangavulaze - mwachitsanzo, nettle, koma ayenera kuphika kale. Palinso chakudya chapadera cha nkhuku za m'badwo uno (kuyambira).
Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, anapiye akale amafunikira zambiri zakudya zosiyanasiyanazomwe zingaphatikizepo:
- mbewu (tirigu, balere);
- mbatata ndi kaloti, chisanadze yophika ndi grated;
- anyezi wobiriwira odulidwa;
- Zakudya zopangira mkaka - kefir kapena kanyumba tchizi;
- chakudya cha nkhuku, malingana ndi msinkhu.
Komanso, zakudya sizimasintha kwambiri, koma zimayambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya tirigu, mkate wophikidwa, nsomba yophika. Chiwerengero cha feedings chimachepetsanso pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 7 mpaka 8 mpaka kasanu pa tsiku.
Pamene anapiye ali ndi mwezi umodzi, ayenera kudya njere - yoyamba, yosalala, komanso pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Pa msinkhu uwu, iwo akuyenda kale mumsewu ndi mphamvu ndi yaikulu, choncho amadyera mwatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Perekani nkhuku ndi gawo tsiku lililonse la madzi atsopano m'matumba ndi chakudya chosiyana ndi miyala, mchenga, ndi zipolopolo za dzira.
Kuyambira pa nkhuku yachinyamata yachinyamata miyezi itatu imatumizidwa ku chakudya chachikulu, koma chakudya chimaperekedwa 4 kangapo patsiku.
Mbadwo wokalamba
Zakudya za anthu akuluakulu sizikusowa chakudya, koma kuti mbalameyo ikhale yathanzi komanso yopindulitsa, chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Nkhuku ziyenera kudyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Ndipo popeza ndizofunika kwambiri pa nyama ndi mazira, zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri kuti eni ake asunge nkhuku pa zakudya zokonzeka. Koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. 
Choncho, mungathe kudyetsa motere:
- M'chilimwe, chakudya chabwino kwambiri ndi chimene mbalame zidzapeza pansi pa mapazi awo. Ndipo izi ndi zosiyana ndi udzu wobiriwira, mbewu ndi tizilombo.
- M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti mupereke nkhuku zabwino. Mungagwiritse ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zopatsa tirigu, koma onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zakudya zowonjezera mavitamini - mwachitsanzo, mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Mukhozanso kukonzekera zokoma kuchokera ku dzungu, mbatata, kaloti ndikupereka nyama ndi masamba, koma muwotcha.
Alimi ena odziwa nkhuku amakonza zowonongeka chifukwa cha nkhuku zawo, zomwe zimadyetsa mbalame m'nyengo yozizira komanso m'nyengo yachilimwe. Zapangidwa kuchokera ku zakudya zopsa ndi zouma: mbatata, masamba odulidwa bwino, oviikidwa mu mkaka wowawasa wowawasa, nthaka choko, miyala ya shell, kaloti ndi kabichi.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene phalaphala zimaperekedwa m'chilimwe, ziyenera kukhala zowonjezera maola atatu. Pambuyo pake, zotsalira zimatayidwa, ndipo mbale zimatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera. Apo ayi, poizoni sangapewe.
Matenda ndi njira zochitira nawo
Chilengedwe chinapereka zowonjezera chitetezo chabwino, kotero iwo sakhala otengeka kwambiri ndi matenda. Koma izi zikuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zonse zosamalira. 
Kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana n'kofunika kwambiri. Mwiniyo ayenera:
- Pezani kukhudzana ndi mbalame zakutchire monga nkhunda ndi mpheta;
- Nthawi zonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide, ayodini ndi klorini;
- tsiku ndi tsiku amasintha madzi m'zotengera zakumwa;
- Onetsetsani kuti mbalamezi zimatuluka masabata awiri kuti zizindikire zowononga;
- onetsetsani khalidwe la mbalame - kusintha pang'ono kumakhala kochititsa mantha.
Ndikayikira pang'ono matenda a ziweto zanu, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi veterinarian. Adzakhazikitsa chidziwitso cholondola komanso amapereka malangizo othandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ŵerenganiponso za zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda a nkhuku: salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, coccidiosis, mycoplasmosis, conjunctivitis, matenda a Newcastle ndi Marek, matenda a maso ndi miyendo.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Pomalizira, timapereka ubwino ndi zonyansa zonse za nkhuku za nkhumba.
Mapindu awo ndi awa:
- wosadzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za kundende;
- Musatulutse chakudya ndikulemera bwino;
- perekani mazira abwino kwambiri ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri;
- nkhuku zimanyamula mazira ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira; Kupatula izi, iwo ndi amayi abwino komanso achikondi.
Ndipo zovuta ndi izi:
- Nkhanza za nkhuku zamoyo zotsatila nkhuku zina;
- Kugawa kochepa, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupeza anapiye kuti abereke.
Zotsatira za nkhuku za nkhuku
Tsopano mumadziwa zochuluka za mtundu wosazolowereka - nkhuku za nkhunda. Iwo anawonekera zaka zoposa zana zapitazo, ndiyeno nkusowa. Koma ngati kuli kotheka kubwezeretsa mbalame yotayikayo sikudziwikabe.
