Mimulus - Chomera chokongoletsera, chotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, chomwe chimatchedwanso kuti jastik maluwa. Mimulus imakula kuchokera ku mbewu yotsegula flowerbeds komanso ngati duwa la mkati.
Zotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu iŵiri ya mimulus - lebwe ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Yoyamba imakhala yokongola kwambiri ya velvet yonyezimira maluwa, yophimbidwa ndi maroon mawanga pamphepete, mofanana ndi khungu la kambuku.
M'nyengo yozizira dzuwa limakhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri a pinki pamdima.
Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya dzina la chomera ili ndi matembenuzidwe angapo. Malingana ndi wina wa iwo, mawu otchedwa etymology a mawu akuti Mimulus akugwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu achilatini mime - wamatsenga, mime. Wina amagwirizanitsa dzina ndi liwu la Chilatini mimo - monkey. Pogwiritsa ntchito bukuli, tikhoza kunena kuti halo ya mimulus imafanana ndi mawonekedwe a monkey. Anthu a ku America amaitananso kuti zomera izi zimakhala maluwa - maluwa maluwa. Komabe, m'dziko lathu, kuti phokoso lakumunsi lidutsitsike ndipo maluwa apamwamba akubweranso, amachitcha kuti gubastik.
Kukula mimulyusa kupyolera mu mbande
Mimulus - Chomera chosatha, komabe, chimadulidwa pakatikati chaka chilichonse. Mbewu za mimulyus ndizochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi ngati fumbi. Mu gramu imodzi mukhoza kuwerengera mbeu zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Iwo akhoza kukhala mdima kapena kuwala.
Kufesa mbewu mimulyusa zingatheke m'njira ziwiri - kudzera mu mbande kapena mwachindunji pansi.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu kwa mbande
Kubzala mbewu za mimulyus zimachitika mumaselo apadera a mbande, zomwe kenako zimayikidwa pawindo, pa khonde kapena pamtunda wowonjezera kutentha.
Nthawi yoyamba kufesa mimulyus ku mbande, zimadalira nyengo ya nyengo ndi nyengo: kumadera akumwera, ndibwino kuti tiyambe kufesa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, kumadera ozizira kwambiri, ndi bwino kubwezeretsa kufesa kwa siponji kufikira kumapeto kwa March kapena ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, chifukwa nthawi yoti mubzalidwe mbande, sizingakhale zazikulu, mwinamwake chomeracho chidzakhala chachikulu kwambiri zovuta kuti zizuke.
Timasankha dothi
Mimulus imakula bwino pamtunda wolemera mu feteleza, kotero nthaka ya mbande iyenera kusankhidwa mchere wokhala wochepa kapena wosalowerera ndale (pH mlingo kuchokera ku 5.5 mpaka 5.8). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lonse ku sitolo, koma liyenera kuwonjezeredwa mchenga, chifukwa chomera chimasakaniza nthaka, komanso peat, humus kapena zinthu zina.
Dothi lokongola la mimueusa limatengedwa chitsulo chosakaniza ndi masamba, peat, mchenga ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1: 1: 3. Mulimonsemo, nthaka yomwe ili mu chidebe cha mbande iyenera kukhala yofewa, yonyowa ndi yopuma. Komanso musaiwale za madzi abwino omwe amayendetsa madzi.
Mmene mungabzalitsire mbewu zing'onozing'ono mimulyus
Kukula kwake kwa mbewu za mimulus kumatulutsa sayansi yamakono.
Ndikofunikira! Musati mumbe nyemba kwambiri, izi zingakhudze kwambiri kumera.
Pambuyo pofesa mbewu m'makaseti okonzeka, onetsetsani ndi magalasi kapena mafilimu kuti dziko lisayambe. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito makapu osasunthika, ngati kuli koyenera, musanayambe kudula kutalika kwake.
Momwe mungasamalire mphukira zoyamba
Ngati mbewu zafesedwa molondola, mphukira zoyamba zikhoza kuwoneka mkati mwa sabata. Pa firiji yozizira (mpaka 18 ° C), mbewu zidzatuluka pang'onopang'ono. Imwani madzi panthawiyi sangathe - Mbewu ya mimulus ndi yovuta kwambiri, imatha kuonongeka ngakhale pang'ono ndi madzi. Kuti dziko lapansi likhale lonyowa, liyenera kukhala lokoma kupopera.
Pamene mphukira zoyamba zowoneka bwino, kuyendetsa chinyezi cha nthaka kumafunika kulimbikitsidwa - mbali imodzi, mphukira yofatsa imafuna nthaka yofewa komanso yosayika, komabe chinyezi chikhoza kuyambitsa kubzala ndikupanga matenda osasangalatsa a fungal otchedwa "mwendo wakuda".
Pambuyo pa mbande izi zimapangidwira kumalo ozizira (madigiri 10-15) kuti mbeu zisamangidwe mwamsanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndikofunika kuchepetsa kukula kwa ulimi wothirira, nthaka yonyowa imayipitsa mbande. Kuti chitukuko chokhazikika cha mbande mimireus chikhale choyenera.
Mbande zokometsera m'magawo osiyana
Pakatha masabata awiri kutuluka mphukira, pamene mbande yapangidwa 2-3 masamba enieni, ziyenera kukhala swoop pansi. Mbewu zazing'ono za spongi siziwalola kuti afesedwe mofanana, choncho mbande ndi yochuluka kwambiri. Zikatero, zomera sizingakhoze kukula bwino ndi kusokonezana wina ndi mzake.
Kusankha bwino nthawi yosankha - maonekedwe a mizu yoyamba ya mbande kuchokera pansi kutsekedwa kwa chidebe. Ndi nthawi yoyenera kufesa ndi kumera nthawiyi, mbewu zimayenera kukhala m'nyumba kwa miyezi iwiri ndi theka, osati pamalo omasuka. Koma chidebe chochepa kwambiri komanso oyandikana nawo ambiri adzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukula.
Choncho, panthawiyi zomera zimayenera kuziika m'mitsuko yayikulu kuti mbande zikhale ndi malo okwanira kuti apite patsogolo. Papepala imodzi, peat kapena mapepala apulasitiki a 150-200 g ndi oyenera kuika.
Mu galasi lililonseli mukhoza kusamalira zomera zinayi mosamala.
Musanayambe, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndikusiya maola ochepa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lonyowa mokwanira. Piritsi lililonse liyenera kukhala laling'ono la spatula, pensulo kapena ndodo ya sushi, koma ndibwinobe kuti pamwamba pake pali phokoso. Simungatenge mphukira ndi phazi, mukhoza kuthandiza masamba okha.
Kukoka mmera, muyenera kuonetsetsa nthyola msana wakepofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu. Kenaka mmerawo umamizidwa mu nthawi yokonzekera mu nthaka ya mphika watsopano pansi pamsinkhu wa kukula. Njirayi imayendetsa njira yozembera mizu ndikuthandizira kubzala.
Kubzala kwa mimulyus wakukula pamaluwa
Mbewu ya mimulyus ndi yofatsa komanso yofooka, komabe imakhala ndi mwayi wosakayikira: ndi kubzala bwino ndi kusamalira mbewu, zomera zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, zomera zazing'ono zimayamba kuphulika kumapeto kwa kasupe, ndikofunika kukhala ndi nthawi yofesa mbewu pa bedi la maluwa.
Pamene chodzala mbande
Ngati kasupe kamakhala kotentha, ndipo kufesa mbewu kwa mbande kunayambika mofulumira, mbande za mimulyusa zikhoza kubzalidwa m'munda wa maluwa popanda mapepala oyambirira. Komabe, muzochitika zachilendo, mbande zokometsera zimakhala pansi pa bedi lakumapeto kwa May.
Panthawiyi, chomeracho chiyenera kukula bwino ndikukhala cholimba. M'badwo woyenera wa mbande musanadzalemo ndi masabata 6-8.
Kubzala mbande
Mitulus imabzalidwa mosasunthika ndi kudyetsa udzu ndi humus ndi peat m'malo omwe sali dzuwa, monga chomera ichi chimatha kutentha ndi kufa pansi pamoto. Kubzala mbande sikufunikiranso mulu, kutalika pakati pa maulendo a munthu sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm.
Uthenga wabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji mutabzala mimulus blooms: Mukamera chomera mmera, mukhoza kuyamikira maluwa pakati pa May.
Njira zina zobzala ndi kubzala mimulyus
Njira yowonjezera yakuza mimulyusa ikukula mbande, koma njira zina ndizotheka.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mimulus imakula mu flowerbed, iwo mosavuta pereopolyat. Mbewu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zomera zotero zingakonde mu mitundu yosayembekezereka chaka chamawa.
Kudzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo
Ngati simukufuna kuumba ndi mbande, mukhoza kufesa siponji pogona pabedi. Mbali yoyipa ya njira iyi poyamba ndi maluwa, kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena June, pamene mbande zopatsidwa zidakali pachimake, mungayambe kubzala mbeu pamtunda.
Mu mimulus yofesedwa padera pabedi la maluwa, nyengo yamaluwa imasinthidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
Kuonjezera apo, zofesedwa zomwe zimabzalidwa pamtunda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooka, ndipo kufesa koyambirira kumatha kuzizira, ndi kumabzala mochedwa, koma zimatha kutentha kwambiri dzuwa, motero njirayi sichitha kuonongeka.
Kutentha kwa kubzala mimulyusa pamalo omasuka kumafunika kufika kufika madigiri 15, makamaka, ngakhale mphepo ikuwotha. Mbeu zofesedwa ziyenera kumangidwe pomwepo ndi zojambulazo.
Kufesa mozama, monga momwe ziliri mbande, sizingakhale zazikulu kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa mbande, pamene ali ndi mphamvu zedi, zomera ziyenera kukonzedwa m'lifupi, pomwe mbande zibzalidwa pamtunda (20-30 cm pakati pa zitsanzo).
Cuttings
Njira zamasamba zobala zipatso zimayesedwa bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kufesa pamalo otseguka. Kotero, mu kasupe chomerachi chikhoza kufalitsidwa pogawanitsa chitsamba, ndipo mu chilimwe - mothandizidwa ndi zobiriwira za cuttings.
Njirayi imathandizanso kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ikhale yopangidwa bwino, chifukwa mbewu zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera kwa mayi sichimasunga nthawi zonse.
Kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu, itatha, kudula kumadulidwa, komwe kumayenera kukhala osachepera awiri. Phesi yoteroyo ingabzalidwe mchenga kapena agroperlite-peat osakaniza, ophimbidwa ndi filimu kuti asawume. Mu masabata atatu okha, phesi yotero imayamba mizu, kenako imatha kuziika mosamalitsa ku malo osatha.
Kusamalira bwino mankhwala a mimulyus pa flowerbed
Poyang'anira kutsanzira, kuyatsa bwino sikofunikira (chomera chingakhale chokhutira ndi penumbra), monga mapangidwe, kuthirira ndi feteleza.
Kuphimba pamwamba - ndikofunikira?
Young mbande gubastik amafunika mwamsanga onaninso - Izi zimapatsa chomera ndi nthambi yabwino. Mitengo ya mimulus imakula kuchokera ku mbande ikangoyamba (masamba awiri kapena atatu atsopano - ndipo chomera chimayamba kuphuka), kotero musaphonye mphindi yokometsera kuti musawonongeke masambawo.
Mtengowo umawoneka wokongola kwambiri, uli wandiweyani ndipo umakula mofulumira, ndipo pali maluwa ochulukirapo pammera wotere kusiyana ndi omwe sanadulidwe. Kuti chiwombankhanga chikhale bwino ndikupanga pachimake mochulukira, chifunikiranso nthawi zonse kuchepetsa kuyanika mphukira.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Kuthirira mimulyus n'kofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse izikhala nyengo yotentha, kuti zisawume panthaka. Dyetsani chomera kuti muyambe mu mbande: Siponji ikangokhala tsamba loyamba loyenera, m'pofunika kuwonjezera nayitrogeni ndi fetashi feteleza ku madzi kuti akuwe.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa mimulyus siyikakamizidwa kuti idzaze ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe zomera zimayamba kutambasula kwambiri, makamaka kutentha.
Mutabzala mimulyus pamalo otseguka, kuyambira sabata lachitatu, m'pofunikira kudyetsa siponji ndi mineral feteleza kwa maluwa, kubwereza ndondomeko 1.5 - 2 pa mwezi.
Kuti mimulyus ikhale yabwino kwambiri, imatha kubzalidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri ndi magnesium sulphate.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mimulyus nthawi zina amavutika kuchokera ku misomali ndi slugskoma izi zimachokera ku kudumpha kwa nthaka. Ngati malo omwe siponji ikukula imakhala yonyowa kwambiri, chomeracho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi kapena udzu chifukwa chaichi.
Kuwonjezera pa pamwambapa "miyendo yakuda"zomwe zimachokera ku ulimi wothirira mochuluka, nthawi zambiri zimayambira powdery mildew. Kulimbana ndi matendawa n'kofunika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera fungicidal.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mimulyus m'makonzedwe a dziko
Mimulius ndi chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapula a maluwa, omwe anabzala m'mphepete mwa njira, komanso amapezeka m'mapiri a alpine. Sponge ingabzalidwe kudzaza malo opanda kanthu pa tsamba. Maluwa okongola komanso okongola mimulyus akuwoneka okha, popanda "thandizo". Komabe, gubastik imawoneka ngati yabwino yozungulira zomera monga buttercups, periwinkles, saxifrage, komanso phlox, rusp, astilba, ageratum.
Anthu okonza malo okongola amasangalala kwambiri chifukwa chakuti amatha kukongoletsa bwino malo amadzi ozizira, amadziwe enieni kapena malo odyera m'munda, kumene maluwa ena samamva bwino.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mimulyus yokhazikika, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, imakhala pamwamba pamiphika. Ichi ndi chokongoletsa chenichenicho osati malo omasuka okha, komanso amodzi a khonde mumzinda wa nyumba.
Potsirizira pake, mitundu ina ya siponji (yofiira ndi yofiira yamkuwa) ikukula mumadzi. Zitsulo zokhala ndi zomerazi zimatsitsidwa pansi pa gombe (osati masentimita 10), ndipo maluwa okongola amatha pamwamba.
