Amaluwa ambiri amapanga strawberries pa ziwembu zawo, zipatso zofiira zomwe zimakonda ndi akulu ndi ana, koma strawberries, sitiroberi "mlongo wa nkhalango" si alendo omwe amapezeka m'minda. Lero tikambirana mitundu yambiri ya remontant strawberries ndi kulima ku mbewu kunyumba. Timaphunzira momwe tingamerezere mbewu ndikupeza mbande zathanzi zogwira poyera.
Zofunikira pa kubzala zakuthupi
Tidzayamba ndi kusankha kwazomwe zimabzalidwa, komwe tidzatenga strawberries remontant, kubereka chipatso nthawi yonseyi. Ndikofunika kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu yochepa ya zipatso, chifukwa ndi odzichepetsa ndipo amabala zipatso bwino.
Izi zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Alexandrina;
- Ali Baba;
- Moyo woyera;
- Chiwonetsero cha Alpine;
- Chozizwitsa cha njano.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za zosiyanasiyana munda munda strawberries "Victoria".
Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti ngati mukufuna kubzala mbewu kuchokera ku strawberries, ndiye kuti mupeze mitundu yeniyeni, osati ma hybrids, popeza makhalidwe a amayi sangatumizedwe ku hybrids (monga momwe zilili ndi kubzala maluwa ambiri ndi mitengo ya zipatso mwa njira yobereka).
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya "Milka" ndi "Seasons" imatanthawuza za masharubu ochepa.
Chidebe cha nthaka ndi kukula
Kukonza strawberries mutakula kuchokera ku mbewu kumafuna gawo linalake ndi mphamvu yoyenera yomwe microclimate ingasungidwe.
Nthaka iliyonse yachonde yomwe imakhala ndi mchenga ndi humus (chiŵerengero cha 3: 1: 1) ndi yoyenera ngati dothi. Mapiritsi angapo odulidwa akhoza kuikidwa mu gawo lapansi kuti athandize mbande kumayambiriro. Zimaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lililonse lolemera la dothi, monga chinyezi chimatuluka mwa iwo, chomwe chimakhudza chitukuko cha bowa.
Ponena za chitetezo ku bowa, timapitabe patsogolo pa kusankha. Njira yabwino ikanakhala iliyonse Chidebe chopanda kanthu chomwe chili ndi chivindikiro. Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri ngati kuwala kulikonse kumalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa. Sikoyenera kupatula nthawi yochuluka kufunafuna mphamvu yabwino, popeza sudochek wamba kuchokera ku sitoloyi ndi yoyenera kubzala.
Musanadzalemo, onetsetsani chidebe ndi mowa kapena potaziyamu permanganate, pangani mabowo ambiri pansi kuti mutulutse chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Musagule chotengera chotsika mtengo, ngati pulasitiki yosauka ingasokoneze achinyamata a strawberries.
Kulima masiku
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za nthawi yobzala mbewu za sitiroberi pa mbande. Pali njira zingapo zosakhalitsa zomwe zimadalira chikhumbo chanu chokhala ndi zakudya zokoma mwamsanga, malo am'dera komanso zoyesayesa kuti mukhale ndi strawberries.
Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo kufesa koyambirira kumayambiriro kwa Februarykotero kuti mu chaka chomwecho mukhoza kusangalala zokoma zipatso achinyamata baka. Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti kubzala kotereku kumachita ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi kupereka dzuwa lotentha ndi kutenthetsa, ndipo kumera kwa mbewu kumakhala koipa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mchigawo chachiwiri.
Njira yachiwiri - kasupe kubzala. Kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa March-kumayambiriro kwa April. Pankhaniyi, chaka choyamba simudzalandira mankhwala, koma ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira mbande zidzachepetsedwa kwambiri, monga momwe chiwerengero cha mbewu sizinamere.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya mmera kumatithandiza kuti tipeze zokololazo mwamsanga. Mothandizidwa ndi mbande wamkulu: tomato, tsabola wa ku Bulgaria, parsnip, biringanya, zukini, anyezi, beets, Savoy, mtundu ndi kabichi woyera.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanayambe kubzala mbewu za sitiroberi za mbande, muyenera kukonzekera kumera bwino. Njira yayikulu yomwe imachotsa njuchi kuchokera ku hibernation ndi stratification (mphamvu ya chinyezi ndi kutentha kosasunthika pa mbeu yosungira).
Stratification ndi yofunika kuti muwononge chilengedwe cholimba cha mbewu, chomwe chimateteza pachimake kuchokera ku chinyezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zitha kugona pansi kwa chaka chimodzi, mpaka chipolopolo chikugwa. Pa chifukwa ichi, kuchita popanda maphunziro owonjezera sikugwira ntchito.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya stratification, yomwe imachotsanso mbewu kuchokera ku "hibernation". Stratification ndi kuthandizidwa ndi chisanu (masoka). Nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ngati mumakhala kumadera akum'mwera, kumene chipale chofewa chimagwa zaka zingapo, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chochiyang'ana, chifukwa njira zotsatilazi sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi kumera kwa mbeu.
Njira imeneyi imatanthauzanso Zotsatira zochitika:
- Timatenga chidebe chowonekera ndikuchidzaza ndi zosakaniza zadongo, ndikusiya pafupi masentimita 2-3 mpaka pamapeto.
- Thirani chipale chofewa pa nthaka ndi mopepuka kuti mutengeko pang'ono kapena pang'ono.
- Ife timayika mbewu zonse pa chisanu, ndikusiya nthawi yofanana. Palibe chifukwa chokanikiza kapena kuika mbewu mu chisanu.
- Tikuika chidebe mufiriji (osati mufiriji!) Kwa masiku atatu.
"Zamakono" stratification pogwiritsa ntchito condensate. Pankhaniyi, tidzatha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chipale chofewa, chifukwa sizingatheke kuchipeza, makamaka pofesa kumapeto kwa March ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Timachita zimenezi Zotsatira zochitika:
- Lembani chidebecho ndi nthaka, kusiya 2 cm mpaka kumapeto.
- Timafalitsa mbewu pa nthaka pamtunda wofanana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndikuyika pang'ono mu nthaka. Mukhozanso kusakaniza mbeu ndi mchenga ndikubalalitsa pamwamba, koma pakakhala izi zidzakhala zovuta kuti muzitha kuyendetsa mbewu.
- Phimbani chidebecho ndi chivindikiro kapena magawo angapo a filimu ya chakudya ndikuyiyika mufiriji kwa masiku atatu.
Pali njira yachitatu yomwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito ku stratification. Mbewu imatha kulowetsedwa mu madzi otentha a thawed masiku awiri. Kuti muchite izi, ikani nyembazo mu thonje la thonje, muyike mu mphika wochepa ndikutsanulira madzi ozizira ndi chisanu pamenepo. Kenaka timaphimba zonse ndi filimu, timayika pamalo otentha ndikutsata ndondomekoyi kuti tipeze mbewu zomwe zinamera nthawi. Onetsetsani kuti ubweya suuma.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwomba sikungakhale granulated kapena mbeu yoyambidwa.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Pamwamba, tinanena kuti mbewu sizinaikidwire pansi, koma zimayikidwa pamwamba, koma ndizofunika kukambirana za kufesa mwatsatanetsatane. Kuphatikiza pa kufesa chisanu, poyendetsedwa ndi mchenga kapena pamtunda wamba, wotsatiridwa ndi kusweka, mungathe kubzala strawberries mu makonzedwe osakanikirana omwe ali 1.5-2 cm pambali.
Mosasamala za njira yofesa, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse Zaletsedwa kubisala zokolola. Ngakhalenso mbewu zamphamvu sizidzatha kukweza pansi kuti zidutse mpaka kuunika. Nthaka yomwe ili mu chidebe imafunika kuimitsidwa ndi pang'ono. Kusakaniza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mowa (pogwiritsa ntchito siringi kapena zala).
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi sitiroberi - ndi mabulosi wabodza, kapena kani - polynokis, monga mbewu (mtedza waung'ono) uli pamwamba pa chipatso, osati mkati.
Kusamalira mbewu
Mutatha kupanga mbeu, chidebecho chiyenera kusunthira kumalo ozizira ndi owala. Kutentha mu chipinda sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 20 ° C komanso pamwamba pa 25 ° C. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kokwanira, koma kuwala koyenera sikuyenera kugwera m'chitini masana kuti nthaka isaduke.
Popeza kuwala kwa masana sikungakhale kokwanira, nyali ya fulorosenti imayikidwa pafupi ndi chidebe, chomwe chiyenera "kugwira" kuyambira 6 koloko mpaka 11 koloko. Kufunika tsiku ndi tsiku kuti atetezeke (chivundikiro kapena filimu) kuti muwone chinyezi ndi mpweya. Condensate ayenera kuchotsedwa panthawi yopuma mpweya.
Ndikofunikira! Kusakhala kwa condensation pa chivindikiro kapena filimu kumasonyeza kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Choncho, nthaka yosafunika imafunika.Pa kusungidwa kwa magawo onse mphukira zoyamba zidzawonekera masabata awiri mpaka 4, malingana ndi kalasi.
Kusamalira mmera
Kenako, tikuphunzira momwe tingamere mphamvu sitiroberi mbande kuchokera kumera. Mbewu zathu zikamera, mabowo ayenera kupangidwa mu chivindikiro / filimu yowonjezera mpweya. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-4 malo ogona amachotsedwa kwathunthu, pang'onopang'ono amawotcha zomera kupita kunja.
Kuti mupeze mbewu zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, nkofunika kuteteza strawberries ku matenda ndi tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza izo.
Pakukula kwa mbande, imayenera kutentha komweko (osati poyerekeza ndi 20 ° C) ndi nthaka yosakanizidwa. Madzi mosamala.pogwiritsa ntchito sitiroko kapena pipette. Madziwo ayenera "kutsika" pamakoma a chidebe kuti asasambe njere m'nthaka.
Komanso musaiwale za kuyatsa kwina. Mbewu ikachoka pansi, ingress ya iliyonse (m'mawa, masana kapena madzulo) dzuwa lowopsa ndi loopsa kwambiri, chifukwa masamba amawotcha mwamsanga. Choncho, kusamalira mbande si kosiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mbewu. Samalani boma la kutentha ndipo musaiwale za kufufuza tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muteteze mbewu zathanzi.
Mukudziwa? Kummawa kwa Asia kumatengedwa kuti ndi malo oyambirira komanso oyambirira a kukula kwa strawberries.
Mbande zokometsera
Zigawo zimachitika pambuyo popanga masamba 2-3 kumalo atsopano (mu makapu osiyana). Izi njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, kuti awononge zomera zazing'ono panthawi yopatsira ndizophweka. Kuwonongeka kulikonse ku tsinde kapena mizu kudzawatsogolera.
Njira yosavuta yopangira ndikugwiritsira ntchito mapepala a pulasitiki ndi ma laboni a thonje, omwe sungathe kuika maganizo pa nthawi imodzi. Chomera chilichonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono pa dothi, kuti zisagwe mitsempha yowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mizu ikukwera mmwamba, ndiye kuti strawberries sichidzazuke m'malo atsopano.Nthaka pa sitepala yatsopanoyi iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi yomwe yapita kale. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dothi lolemera akadali loletsedwa. Mukamadzala makapu, mbande ziyenera kuwonjezereka mofanana ngati isanafike.
Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mbande zimayambira kuti dziko lapansi lifike pamtunda. Njirayi ikuonetsetsa kuti tsinde, lomwe liri pansi, limayika mizu yowonjezereka mu nthaka ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu yonse.
Kulemetsa
Kutentha kwa nyengo pamene kulima mbande sizingatheke kubwerezedwa pansi, choncho Mitengo yachinyamata imayenera kuumitsidwa. Pambuyo pa masamba 4 apangidwa pa zomera zazing'ono, strawberries akhoza kuumitsidwa.
Izi zimachitika motere: chidebe chonse ndi greenery chimachitika pa khonde lokhazikika, pamene nyengo yofunda imakhala kunja popanda madontho akuthwa. Mwambowu umabwerezedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe mbande ili kunja kwa nyengo yotentha. Masiku angapo asanafike pamalo otseguka, makapu ayenera kutengedwa tsiku lonse kuti akwaniritse ntchito yotsekemera.
Ndikofunikira! Dontho lakuthwa kutentha kapena ma drafts lidzawononga mbewu.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Pamalo otseguka omwe amanyamula mbande ndi masamba 6 enieni m'mawa. Ndi bwino kuika tchire pansi pa mtengo waukulu wa mtengo waukulu kuti zomera zisamawotchedwe. Ngati kukonza koteroko sikutheka, ndiye kuti kumeta kumafunika masabata awiri oyambirira akunyamula mbande.
Mtunda wa pakati pa zomera uyenera kukhala wa 20-30 masentimita kuti mukhale ndi malo okwanira kuti mupeze momwe mungathere zinthu ndi zakudya m'nthaka. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala nthaka chinyezi, nthawi zonse kutsitsa kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (kokha madzulo kapena m'mawa, popanda dzuwa). Anabzala strawberries amayamba kubala zipatso pambuyo pa miyezi 4-5, ngati nyengo ili yabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumachepetsa kukula kwa fetus, kufulumira kukula kwa mphukira ndi masamba a strawberries.
Izi zimatha kukambirana za kukula kwa strawberries kuchokera ku mbewu. Ntchitoyi ndi yaitali komanso nthawi yambiri, koma ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti kupitiriza ndi kukolola kwa strawberries kumadalira pa khama lanu, osati chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro cha wogulitsa amene amagulitsa mbewu. Tsatirani malangizo ndipo mukhoza kukula mtundu uliwonse wa sitiroberi panyumba.
