Mwinanso kulibe dimba komwe osachepera bedi laling'ono silinabzalidwe ndi anyezi. Chomera cha Vitamini ichi sichimafuna kuti ntchito yayitali ikhale yolimba, koma anyezi ali ndi zinsinsi zawo. Kumagawo akum'mwera, anyezi atha kupezeka kuchokera mu nthanga imodzi, m'malo ambiri amayesa kuti asayerekeze tsogolo: choyamba amayika anyezi, ndi kuwabzala chaka chamawa kuti apeze mbewu yayikulu yamankhwala. Kubzala anyezi mu kasupe kumakhala ndi mfundo zingapo.
Madeti a kasupe kubzala anyezi
Kutentha kwenikweni kwa chilimwe pakukula anyezi sikofunikira: munthu wamkulu wa anyezi nthawi zambiri amalekerera ngakhale chisanu chambiri. Chifukwa chake, iwo amabzala m'mawa kwambiri, kuti pofika nthawi yayitali masana, udzu udzu kale ndipo udakula. Ndiwotchi yayitali kwambiri yomwe imafunikira kuti mababu akule bwino, kenako nkumapita nthawi yopumula ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yomweyo kubzala kufesa nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisungunuke kumakhalanso koopsa. Mababu obzalidwa panthaka yozizira amapitilira muvi, ndipo sizotheka kupeza zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri za anyezi. Chosangalatsa ndikusankha mphindi pomwe dothi limawotha pafupifupi 10 zaC, koma osazengereza. Popeza kuti munthu sayenera kuyang'ana kuthekera kwa chisanu munthawi ya anyezi, ndi nthawi ino kuti nkofunika kupeza nthawi yobzala anyezi pa mpiru. Monga lamulo, kumadera ambiri achidwi, masiku obzala sevka amagwa masiku ena a Epulo kapena theka loyambirira la Meyi.
Omwe ali m'minda omwe amawunika mapulani awo ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi amatha kukhala chete: palibe masiku ambiri oletsedwa anyezi anyezi (awa ndi masiku a mwezi watsopano ndi mwezi wathunthu). Ndipo ngati mungasankhe masiku abwino kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi. Ngati anyezi wakula kuti apeze nthenga, ndiye kuti masiku oyenera ndi omwe usiku womwe kuwunikira kumakhala pansi pa zizindikiro za Madzi. Ngati mapulaniwo akupeza anyezi apamwamba kwambiri, mtengowo uyenera kubzala pomwe mwezi uli pansi pa chizindikiro cha Dziko lapansi.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020, masiku abwino kwambiri obzala zipatso anyezi ndi:
- Epulo 9, 15 ndi 28;
- Meyi 13, 14 ndi 20.
Kuyambitsanso koletsedwa masiku a mwezi watsopano ndi mwezi wathunthu: Epulo 8 ndi 23, Meyi 7 ndi 22.
Kudalira kwa nyengo yomwe amafikira kuchokera kuderali
Mwambiri, ngati tiganiza gawo lonse la dziko lathu, nthawi yokwanira kubzala mbewu yolandirira anyezi yoyenera pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Chifukwa chake, kumwera, ntchito izi zimayamba m'masiku omaliza a Marichi ndikumaliza m'masiku khumi oyamba a Epulo. Pakati panjira, makamaka kudera la Moscow, ntchito zotere zimatha kumapeto kwa Epulo ndikutha kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Madera akumpoto chakumadzulo (mwachitsanzo, dera la Leningrad), komanso ma Urals ndi Siberia ali ndi nyengo yayitali kwambiri: m'malo ena, ndipo kumapeto kwa Meyi, nthaka sinathebe mpaka kumapeto. Zikuchitika kuti kubzala anyezi kumaimitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma makamaka amayesa kulimbana ndi ntchitoyi kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi ndikukonzekera
Anyezi amakula bwino pamtunda wowala, koma osati kwambiri pamchenga: loam yopepuka kapena loam sandy ndiyabwino. Zimagwiranso ntchito pakufika pamtunda wakuda. Ngakhale kupezeka kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono sikutchinga, bola sikukhala madambo. Nthaka ya anyezi iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono komanso osavomerezeka. Pankhani ya kuchuluka acidity, choyambirira liming ndi choko, slaked slime, dolomite ufa, etc. ndikofunikira.
Pansi pa uta uyenera kugawidwa bwino ndi dzuwa: ngakhale mthunzi wa mitengo yazipatso kapena mpanda ungasokere mbewu. Anyezi ndi abwino kwambiri pamalonda akuluakulu a feteleza, koma izi siziyenera kukhala manyowa atsopano: motere, nthenga zabwino zimamera, koma babu, ngakhale litakhala lalikulu, silingathe kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Koma kwa chaka, pansi pa mbewu zam'mbuyomu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa manyowa ndi chifukwa.
Mabedi anyezi azikhala kutali ndi mitengo kuti nthawi zonse iziyatsidwa ndi dzuwa
Mabedi obzala anyezi amakonzedwa mu kugwa, nthawi ikakwana. Pokumba ndikuchotsa namsongole, pangani 1 mita2 zidebe chimodzi ndi theka la humus kapena kompositi yabwino, theka lita imodzi ya phulusa lamatabwa ndi 80 g ya azofoska. Pazida zadongo, zimawonjezeredwa nthawi imodzi mumtsuko wamchenga. Chapakatikati, nthaka isanasunthidwe, ndikofunika kuwonjezera ngakhale zipinda zochepa pa lalikulu lalikulu. Zitatha izi, bedi limatsitsidwa ndikusunthidwa pang'ono.
Kukonzekera kwa seti
Kodi anyezi wokhala kuti amachokera kuti? Chimadzala nthangala, chotchedwa chernushka, ambiri okhala chilimwe silingaganizire. Ili si vuto lophweka, kotero nthawi zambiri sovok zimagulidwa pamsika kapena sitolo. Njira yosavuta, ndikotero, ndikugula msoka m'chaka, popeza kusungidwa nthawi yozizira kuyenera kuchitidwa pansi pazinthu zina: pamtunda wocheperako pa kutentha pafupifupi -2 zaNdi, mosiyana, m'chipindacho, koma osati kutentha. Koma kusungidwa ku 0 ... 14 zaPopeza zili ndi fundo yoti mbewu yofesedwa m'mundamu en masse imayamba kuwombera.
Kubzala komwe kumagulidwa masika kumakonzedwa pasadakhale, kutaya mababu onse owuma, opanda mabala. Ndikwabwino osabzala zomwe zidatha kumera nthawi yosungirako. Sevok ya kalasi yoyamba imawerengedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri: awa ndi mababu okhala ndi mainchesi 15 mpaka 15 ndi mamilimita pafupifupi 2-3 g. Kubzala kwakukulu kumapita kwa nthenga: nthawi zambiri kumakhazikika ndipo sikumapanga bulb wa katundu. Kubzala mosaya, komanso mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 1 cm, kamabzalidwe bwino nthawi yozizira, kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Musanabzala, kufesa wamkulu ndikwabwino kuti muthe kubzala padera, pa nthenga: mababu abwino amakula kuchokera kubzala wamkulu
Kulowera musanayambe kubzala
Pambuyo pa bulkhead, sevc yabwino yosankhidwa imamasulidwa ku zovala zosafunikira. Chingwe chomwe sichigwira mababu, pakadali pano chimakhala chanzeru kuchichotsa. Kuthira anyezi musanadzalemo ndikofunika kwambiri, makamaka ngati dothi lomwe linali m'mundawo layamba kale kupuma, mvula sikhala. Sevk amasungidwa kwa maola 1-2 m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa 35-38 zaC. Kuchepetsa nthawi zambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi feteleza wambiri, kuwonjezera zinthu m'madzi kapena potaziyamu permanganate wambiri pafupifupi 1 g / l. Okonda ena samachotsa anyezi atazizira madzi, asungiremo mpaka masiku awiri.
Mutha kuwotchera sevka mu ndowa iliyonse yabwino
Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuwukirira mwanjira ina, koma pankhaniyi kusamala ndi chisamaliro ndizofunikira. Atangotsala pang'ono kulowa m'mundamo, anyezi mu ndowa amadzazidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa 65-70 ° C. Sungani kutentha motere kwa mphindi ziwiri zokha, pambuyo pake amatenthetsedwa ndi madzi ozizira. Iwo ati atalandira chithandizo chotere anyezi sangatenthe, koma sangathe kusanjidwa ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndi nthawi yowuma, apo ayi sevka ikhoza kuwonongeka.
Njira zochizira matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngakhale ma micronutrients sawonjezeredwa kumadzi pakuthira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osavuta musanadzalemo anyezi m'munda. Osachepera, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalowetsa njere mu yankho la zovuta zam'mera feteleza. Kuti muchite izi, mwachitsanzo, supuni ya azofoska imasungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi ndikutsuka mu njira iyi kwa maola 8-10. Ngakhale njira yoyambira iyi imathandizira kulolerana ndi matenda.
Mankhwala ena owopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa matenda a fungus ndi mkuwa wa sulfate. Supuni ya tiyi ya mankhwala imasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi ndikusungidwa mkati mwake kwa mphindi 5-10. Chothandiza kwambiri, koma chosavomerezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chlorophos (2 g / l): kusamba kotero, komwe kumatenga mphindi 30, mababu amayenera kuthiridwa m'madzi ndikuwuma pang'ono.
Chlorophos imathandiza pa zilonda zambiri ndi tizilombo, koma iyenera kugwiridwa ndi chisamaliro.
Njira zabwino zopewera kuukira kwa tizirombo, makamaka ntchentche za anyezi, ndi yankho la phula la birch (kuchuluka kwa yankho ndi supuni pa lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda). Panjira yothetsera izi, seprs amasungidwa kwa mphindi 20-30. Mankhwala oopsa kwambiri m'nyumba zosafunikira ndi osayenera.
Kudulira anyezi musanabzala
Ponena za kudulira kwa anyezi, ndikofunikira kunena kuti, choyambirira, palibe kudulira kwa kufesa musanadzalemo m'munda kumakhala kofunikira. Uta ukakhala wonyowetsedwa malinga ndi malamulowo, ndiye kuti m'mundamo akanakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti athe kuthyolotsa mankhusu, ndipo nthenga zimatha kutuluka bwino. Kachiwiri, kudulira kokha, komwe nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kumangoyendetsa bulb mpaka pakuyamba kukula, koma sikukhudza moyo wotsatira wa anyezi. Eya, ndipo chachitatu, ngati mukufuna kuthandiza anyezi, ndiye kuti mutha kudula nsonga yokhayo pamwamba pomwe, kuwonjezera, gawo louma pansi.
Amakhala olefuka kuti ikhudze minofu yamoyo, yonyowa pakadulira: osalimi omwe alibe nzeru amangofooketsa kumpoto chakum'mawa. Mukachotsa nsonga yonse ya bulb, kudula "amoyo", masamba adzawonekeradi, koma babuwo adzawapweteka kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sangakonde kubzala mbewu yabwino.
Kanema: akukonzekera sevka ndi ikamatera
Momwe mungabyalare anyezi mu kasupe: njira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chiwembu
Woyang'anira munda mwiniyo amatha kusankha njira yodzala anyezi, kutengera miyeso ya mabedi, koma, zonse, ndizosavuta pano. Chiweto chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakati pa mizere muzikhala mtunda wa pafupifupi 20 cm, komanso pakati pa mababu mumizere - kutengera kukula kwawo. Anyezi wocheperako (pafupifupi masentimita kukula) amabzalidwa masentimita 5-6 onse, wamkulu - mpaka 10 cm.
Pali njira zambiri zobzala anyezi, koma mulimonsemo amaikidwa mwamphamvu
Mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mpaka pakuya masentimita 3-4. Pafupifupi, zikuwoneka kuti nsonga ya khosi la babu imawoneka bwino pamwamba pamtunda wa dothi. Ngati ena a iwo sawoneka konse - siowopsa, koma mababu sayenera kuchoka pansi. Ngati kubzala kuli kosachepera, mababu omwe amakula nthawi zambiri amayamba kutuluka pansi, zomwe zimayimitsa kukula kwawo nyengo ikakhala youma komanso yotentha kwambiri. Ngati kufesaku kumera mozama, kukula kumacheperachepera, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo yamundawo mababu sangakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira, zomwe zimabweretsa kutetezedwa bwino kwa mbewu.
Tekinolo yodzala sevka pabedi lokonzedweratu ndi motere.
- Ndi chida chilichonse choyenera (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya ya wowaza), mizere yopanda kanthu imapangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira, nthawi zonse masentimita 20 kapena kupitirira, ngati kulowera chakumadzulo.
Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amapanga zida zosavuta zolemba chizindikiro
- Ngati dothi ndi lolemera, mchenga wamtsinje umayikidwa mu mzere ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 1 cm, ndipo phulusa lamatabwa limakonkhedwa pang'ono pamwamba pake. Omwe alimi ena omwe sadagwirire mababu asanabzalidwe, thirirani mizere ndi chofowoka cha Fitosporin.
Ngati dothi latha kupukuta, muyenera kuthirira madziwo
- Kubzala kumabzalidwa kudzera mtunda wokwanira kuti mulowe m'makonzedwe okonzedwa, ndikusunthira pang'ono m'nthaka (mizu yotsimikizidwa iyenera kusamala kuti isawononge). Kuya kwakubzala kumasankhidwa kotero kuti mutadzaza mabatani ndi nthaka pang'ono kumakwera pamwamba pa nthaka.
Sevka imakankhidwa pang'ono pamtunda wofewa: kuti mababu agwire mwamphamvu mmenemo
- Mbewu zobzalidwa zimakutidwa ndi dothi, pomwepo nthaka imagonekedwedwa, komwe ndi kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mwambowu.
- Landings mosamala ndi madzi ambiri ndi madzi kuchokera kuthirira akhoza ndi strainer.
Kubzala kuyenera kunyowa ndi madzi
Kufikira msipu wobiriwira ndi malo obzala, simuyenera kuchita chilichonse, pokhapokha ngati maudzu atakula. Ayenera kukokedwa mosamala; khasu limayamba kugwira ntchito mzere utatchulidwa.
Zotsogola ndi kuyenderana
Anyezi pafupifupi samasamala zomwe zimamera pabedi isanachitike, ngati nthaka yangokhala chonde. Masamba abwino kwambiri anyezi ndi nkhaka, phwetekere, kabichi kapena mbatata: awa ndi mbewu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndikosayenera kubzala anyezi mutatha kaloti, radishes ndi mpendadzuwa. Kutsatira lamulo la kasinthasintha wa mbewu, utoto wamtundu uliwonse, komanso adyo.
Anyezi mulibe pafupifupi oyandikana nawo nyumba. Ma legamu okha ndi (ma nyemba ndi nyemba) omwe amawonedwa motero, ndipo anyezi pawokha siamnansi woyenera kabichi chamtundu uliwonse. Osati zabwino zokha, komanso wovomerezeka wa anansi ndi anyezi ndi kaloti. Amateteza limodzi ku tizirombo: choyambirira, kuchokera ku anyezi ndi ntchentche za karoti. Mbatata, nkhaka, phwetekere, ndi beets amakhalanso oyandikana abwino a mitundu yonse ya anyezi.
Anyezi okhala ndi kaloti - oyandikana nawo apansi m'munda
Okhala m'chilimwe, akugwira chiwembu choti asadzichotse okha zamasamba, dzalani anyezi pang'ono: masheya amthawi yachisanu amapangidwa nthawi yophukira kumsika. Koma, ngakhale dimba laling'ono, lomwe limakhala lofunika m'munda uliwonse, liyenera kubzalidwe pa nthawi yake komanso molondola. Sizovuta kuchita izi, koma m'chilimwe nthawi iliyonse padzakhala mafuta ndi anyezi ochepa pafupi.
