Mbalame ya Polyonis ndi chomera chotchuka kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zakuda za Northern Hemisphere. Pali mitundu mazana awiri ya fern, yomwe imasiyana mokongoletsera ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi m'munda wamaluwa ndi kunyumba.
Mukudziwa? Ku US, fern polynyadorny ali pansi pa chitetezo, ndipo ku Russia izo zalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera.M'nkhaniyi tiona m'mene tingasamalire bwino fern mumzere.
Mndandanda: ndondomeko ya fern
Fern mzere wambiri uli ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi: rhizome ndi yandiweyani, yopanda malire, imapanga chinthu chimodzi chokula, masamba a rhizome amakula bwino.
Pafupi munthu aliyense wawona ndipo amadziwa chomwe fern amawoneka. Masamba pa fern ndi olimba, amapanga mpweya wooneka ngati mapulosi, kuchoka pa rhizome. Ilipo pa petioles yaing'onoting'ono, mawonekedwe a pinto-dissected. Masambawa ndi owala, obiriwira, ndi tsitsi loyera. Pakati pa tsamba pa mitsempha mamba bulauni.
Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, masamba a fern amakhalabe wobiriwira. M'munsi mwa masamba, mu sporangia spores kukula, zomwe ziri mu limodzi kapena mizere iwiri, iyi inali dzina la mtundu wa fern.
Kwenikweni, chomerachi chimakula pang'onopang'ono, choncho funso limayamba kawirikawiri: kodi n'zotheka kukula fern pakhomo? Kenaka, timayang'anitsitsa momwe tingachitire ndi zomwe zikufunikira pa izi.
Makhalidwe a kukula mzere wambiri
Monga nyumba yopangira polynyadorny safuna kusamala kwambiri. Ngakhale fern imaikidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chipindacho, nthawi zonse popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, zidzakula bwino. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu mopanda malire, komanso kudyetsa osati nthawi zambiri. Kenaka, timalingalira zomwe zili zofunika pakukula mzere wambiri.
Kuunikira, kutentha ndi chinyezi
Musanayambe kulima fern, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Mu chilengedwe, ferns zonse zimakula mumthunzi wa mitengo, ndipo mizere yambiri imakhala yosiyana. Ngati nyumbayo ili mumthunzi wamba, mbewuyo idzakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale mumthunzi wonse chitsamba chimakula bwino, koma sichidzakongoletsa kwathunthu.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo, mosiyana, imakhala yopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, izi zikhoza kukonzedwa mwa kutsogolera nyali kwa fern.M'chilimwe ndi masika, zomera zimamva bwino pa kutentha kwa +20 ° C. Ngati mu chipinda chomwe mzere wambiri umakula, kutentha kumakhala kuposa +24 ° C, chomera chiyenera kukhala chodetsedwa ndi atomizer. Kutentha ndi youma mpweya pa polynyadorny zimakhudza zoipa. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, kutentha kwakukulu kwa fern kudzakhala osachepera + 15 ... +16 ° C.
Kutentha kwa mlengalenga mu chipinda chomwe chomeracho chiripo chiyenera kukhala chokwera. Ngati yowuma kwambiri, polyniyadorny ikhoza kuyamba kuchita, choncho ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungamusamalire pakadali pano. Ndi zophweka: muyenera kuwaza fern kangapo patsiku ndi madzi olekanitsidwa..
Ngati mukufunikira kuchotsa fumbi kumapazi a fern, mungathe kuchita izi ndi kusamba, pomwe kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kofooka. Nthaka ya chomera iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi phukusi pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asafike kumeneko.
Kutha ndi nthaka zofunikira pakubzala
Dothi lodzala ferns liyenera kukhala losavuta pang'ono. Choyenera chikhale chisakanizo cha peat, pepala, chitsulo, nthaka, mchenga ndi humus. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yoyenerera komanso yosasunthika. 
Mphamvu za kubzala fern ndi bwino kusankha kukula kwapakati, kuti mizu ya zomera ikhule popanda mavuto. Mukasankha mphika, makondomu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa iwo omwe madzi sangasunthike. Apo ayi, fern mu nyumba ikhoza kufa kapena kudwala. Mukawona mabala a bulauni kapena a bulauni pamasamba, zikutanthauza kuti nthaka yazomera imakhala yonyowa kwambiri.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mzere wambiri: kuswana chipinda cha fern
Musanabzala, muyenera kudziwa momwe ferns imabadwira. Kunyumba, pali njira zingapo: kubalana ndi spores, kugawa chitsamba, komanso rhizomatous cuttings. Pambuyo pa kuika mzere wambiri, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane kusungirako kwa dothi labwino la dothi kuti nthaka iume.
Kubzala chitsamba cha chitsamba
Kubzala kusiyana kwa chitsamba - Izi ndizofunika kwambiri komanso zosakwera mtengo zoberekera ferns. Kuti zinthu zonse ziziyenda bwino, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndipo pamene kulekanitsa chotsalira kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu sikuwononga mtedza. 
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dzikoli likhalebe mu mphika momwemo. Pofuna kubereka bwino, zomera zowonjezera zimapereka mpweya wabwino, mpaka 75%, mwinamwake mpweya wouma ndi nthaka zidzasokoneza fern.
Zowonjezera kubereka kwa rhizomes cuttings
Kufalitsa malo polynomovnik rhiznimichnymi cuttings - Imeneyi ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yomwe safuna khama lalikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, gwiritsani ntchito ana ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi chitsamba chachikulu.
Ayenera kusankhidwa mosamalitsa pamodzi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka rhizome ndi kuika mu mphika. Zitatha izi, chitsambachi chimafuna kutentha. Ndi kubereka uku, sikuti zomera zonse zimakhazikika, koma iyi ndiyo njira yofulumira komanso yabwino kwambiri.
Spores kuswana
Ambiri adamva za njira iyi, monga kuthengo, mtundu wa mbeu ndi spores. Komabe, pakhomo pakhomo nthawi yayitali komanso yovuta. Ngakhale amalima odziwa bwino kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi yofalitsa, chifukwa ndi yosagwirizana. Kuwonjezeka kwa mizere ingapo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tafotokozazi, makamaka ngati ndinu woyamba munda wamaluwa.
Zomwe zimasamalira ferns kunyumba
Mitengo yambiri imakhala chomera, choncho kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo sikungatenge nthawi yambiri. Kuti chomera chikhale chokongola ndi chokongola, ndikwanira kutsatira malangizo osavuta. Ngati chodzala chidachitidwa molondola, gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro lidzakhale kuthirira nthawi yake.
Nthawi zambiri kumamwa mzere wambiri
Polorodnik imakonda kwambiri nthaka yobiriwira, choncho nthaka ya kukula kwa fern iyenera kukhala yothira. M'chilimwe ndi masika Kuthirira chomera kumakhala kofunikira pambuyo pa pamwamba pa nthaka.
M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira kuthirira kumatenga masiku amodzi kapena awiri mutayanika pamwamba pa nthaka. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kutentha kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi kungayambitse imfa ya chomeracho.
Kuvala polnogoryadnik
Organic ndi mchere feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chakudya chowonjezera. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira May mpaka August, milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ndibwino kutenga gawo la fetereza mu theka la ndalama zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'malamulo. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, chomera sichisowa china chowonjezera kudya.
Kujambula kwa fern
Zina mwa nkhani za momwe mungasamalirire fern yanyumba, malo apadera amakhala ndi kupatsirana. Zimayenera ngati mphika umene mbewuyo inalipo kale ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. Nthaka ndi yabwino kusankha imodzi yomwe ili mchenga, peat, tsamba la masamba ndi humus. Kusakaniza koteroko kungapezeke kugulitsidwa.
Mukudziwa? Olima amaluso a maluwa akunena kuti ndibwino kuti musamuke chipinda cha feri m'nyengo ya masika, ndiye kuti idzaphuka mwamsanga, sikudzapweteka, ndipo kusamalira kunyumba kumachepetsedwa.Pakuti kuika mphika kumafunika kukula kwapakatikati, kuzama kozama komanso lonse. Asanayambe kutsanulira dziko lapansi mmenemo, pansi muyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Pofuna kuti asawononge mizu, fern ndi yabwino kuti ipereke mosavuta, popanda kugwedeza nthaka ku mizu.
Mavuto aakulu pakukula mzere wambiri pamudzi
Ngakhale mzere wambiri ndi modzichepetsa, kukula kwake kungakhale kovuta ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Ngati masamba a fern atakhala achikasu ndipo mwamsanga anasiya kukula kwawozikutanthauza kuti mpweya m'chipinda momwe polynyadnik imakhala youma kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa kuwala kwa dzuwa pamalowo masamba amakhala otayirira, otsika komanso otayika. Kuwoneka kwa fern kunyumba kungakhalenso koipitsa ndi kukonza, kutsika kwa kutentha, kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi osasamala.
Masamba akhoza kufota, kutembenukira chikasu, kupiringa ndi ngakhale kugwa. Nkhumba zotetezeka kapena nsombazi zimadziwika kuti tizirombo zomwe zingakhudze ferns.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kudziwa tizilombo tikawona mapepala a bulauni pamasamba.Kwa processing zomera ntchito mankhwala apadera "Actellic". Pezani mizere iwiri muyenera kukhala 3 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10.
Fern yamaluwa a nyumba angakhale chomera chabwino kwambiri cha m'nyumba, ndipo ngati kusunga kwanu kumakhala kwa inu.
