Sansevieria (sanseviera) Zili m'gulu la Sansevieri, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya zomera, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi kusakhala kwa tsinde ndi masamba akuluakulu a xiphoidal, okongoletsedwa ndi mawanga owala osiyanasiyana. Mitengo ya kumidzi ndi nkhalango zakuda za ku South Africa. Kukula chomera ichi m'chipinda chamkati chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1400. Ku Ulaya, imatchedwa kambuku kakombo, chilankhulo cha ku Africa ndi chilankhulo cha chi Hebri. Ku Russia, sansevieria inatchedwa mchira wa pike.
Kulongosola kwa zomera
Sansevieria cylindrical mosiyana ndi oimira ena a mtundu wina masamba amapotozedwa mu chubukukula kuchokera pansi. 
Chifukwa chosankha mosamala, zinkatha kukhazikitsa mitundu yambiri ya zomera, zomwe zimasiyana ndi kukula kwa tsamba la masamba, malo, mawonekedwe ndi mndandanda wa magulu awo.
Pakati pa otchuka kwambiri akhoza kusiyanitsa Sansevieriya Mikado, Spike, Spaghetti ndi Twister. Zoterezi zosiyana ndizosiyana masamba amasunga mphamvu yokhotakhota, kotero inu mukhoza kukonza duwa mwa mawonekedwe a nsalu.
Sansevieria imakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka mamita limodzi ndi hafu mu msinkhu. Mdima wobiriwira wobiriwira wamtunduwu watchulidwa kotenga kotalika, ndipo pamapeto pake - akuwongolera, omwe nthawi zambiri amauma, amatembenukira mu munga.
Kuwala kumayambira pa masamba kumapanga banding. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malo oterewa angakhale aakulu kapena opapatiza. Zimasiyananso mumithunzi: Ena amamveka mofanana ndi mtundu waukulu, pamene ena amatsutsana nawo.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa oyendetsa maluwa kumasula maluwaamene kutalika kwake kungafikire mita imodzi. Maluwa oyera a tubular omwe ali ndi nsonga za pinki ali pamtunda mofanana, mwa makutu kapena khutu pambali ya burashi. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, mtundu wa peduncle ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira, wobiriwira kapena beige-pinki.
Kubzala: nthaka ndi mphamvu yakukula
Sansevera wamakono amasankha nthaka yochepa kapena yosavomerezeka. Mukhoza kudzipanga nokha kuchokera kumtunda ndi masamba (tsamba loyamba - 2, gawo lachiwiri - gawo limodzi) ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga. Alimi ena akulangizidwa kuti awonjezere pang'ono humus pansi. Mukhozanso kugula kusakaniza kwadothi kokonzedwa bwino, komabe n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti alibe gawo la acidity.
Muyeso kukula matanki cylindrical sansevieri bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphika wosakanizika wamtengo wapatali wolimba kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kumayambitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi mizu kuti kuwonongeke kwa maluwa. Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera chidebecho makina osanjikiza. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito dothi lopangidwa ndi sing'anga kapena zidutswa zadothi.
Nthawi zambiri kuikidwa zimadalira zaka za zomera ndi kukula kwake. Young sansevieri amazisowa kamodzi pachaka ndi hafu, ndi akuluakulu - mpaka kudzaza mphika ndi mizu (kamodzi pa zaka 2-3). Nthaŵi yabwino ya kuika ndikumapeto. Pa nthawi ino, mukhoza kupanga maluwa.
Sansevieria yachitsulo ikhoza kufalikira m'njira zingapo:
- Cuttings. Mapepala a leaf omwe ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu komanso osachepera 10 masentimita amadulidwa ku chomera. Gawo lakumunsi la kudula likuikidwa mu gawo lapansi la calcined mchenga, wothira ndi kuikidwa pamalo otentha. Kuti muzitha kuthamanga mofulumira, n'zotheka kuchiza m'munsi gawo la mizu yopangika.
- Kugawidwa kwa rhizomes. Panthawi yopatsa, lalikulu rhizomes ndi masamba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu. Magulu amachiritsidwa ndi malasha opunduka. Anabzala zomera zoterozo mu gawo lapansi la zokoma.
- Zikondwerero zachiwiri. Pakati pa kusindikiza kwa kasupe, mbande yaing'ono yodzipatula imasiyanitsidwa ndi kholo chomera pamodzi ndi mbali ya mizu. Pambuyo pochizidwa mabala otseguka pa rhizomes, rosettes abzalidwa miphika ndi nthaka yosakaniza kwa zokoma.
Pakadutsa masabata awiri, masamba a masamba amayamba mizu, ndipo anawo amazika mizu. Panthawi imeneyi ndikofunika kuti musadye sansevieriya. Zokwanira zidzakhala madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Zomwe amangidwa
Sansevieria osamvetsetsa kuti awoneke. Ikhoza kukhala kutali ndi mawindo. Komabe, kwa maola 10 pa tsiku, ayenera kulandira kuwala kowala, kuphatikizapo kuchokera kumagwero opangira.
Kwa chinyezi chiri m'nthaka, sansevieriya osati kufunafuna. Ndikwanira kumwa madzi kamodzi pamlungu m'nyengo yotentha. Pa nthawi yopuma (kuyambira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa October mpaka kumapeto kwa February), kuthirira kumakhala kosacheperachepera, 1 nthawi pamwezi mwa kuthira mochepa nthaka. Dulani nyemba siziyenera kukhala, monga madontho a chinyezi amatha kugwera m'matope a masamba ndikuwapangitsa kuti avunda. Amaloledwa kupukuta mbale zamapepala ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti azitsuka ku fumbi.
Maseŵera oyendetsa masewera oyambirira amayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kawirikawiri maluwa amaphukira madzulo, ndipo usiku wonse amachotsa zonunkhira za vanilla. Nthawi ya maluwa ndi masabata awiri. Kumapeto kwake, rosettes imene peduncle inayamba kutulutsa kukula kwawo. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga konzani nsonga za masamba, koma kokha ngati atayamba kuuma. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kwambiri mosamalakuti asamawononge minofu yathanzi ya mbaleyo, mwinamwake njira yakufa idzapitirirabe.
Mukhoza kudyetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi pokhapokha panthawi ya kukula kwachangu ndi feteleza wapadera kwa osakaniza.
Chomeracho chimayankha bwino kwa kashiamu ndi phosphorous m'mphuno, koma ndi nitrojeni yochulukirapo, ikhoza kutaya makhalidwe ake okongoletsera chifukwa cha kutha kwa mapepalawo. Kuphatikiza apo, nayitrogeni yokwanira ingayambitse zowola zowola.
Mosasamala kanthu komwenso kulimbana kwakukulu ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, masewera a masewera amatha kuvutika ndi dzuwa (kutentha kumawoneka pamasamba) ndi madzi (masamba kapena mizu imayamba kuvunda). Kuonjezerapo, maluwawo akhoza kuwononga tizirombo: akalulu akangaude, nyongolotsi za mealy ndi thrips. Polimbana nawo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kawirikawiri, maluwawa ndi odzichepetsa, choncho ndi abwino kwa mkati. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, cylindrical sansevieria imakula ndikuphulika kwa zaka zambiri.
Kuwonjezera pa kukondweretsa kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha mayiko ambiri, sansevieria imapatsidwa mphamvu yothetsera mphamvu zowonongeka, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo la mankhwala ochiritsira.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi zambiri za chomera, onani pansipa:
