Cyclamen: chisamaliro cha kunyumba ndi njira zolerera

Kuwala ndi kukongola kwa cyclamen ku kukonda kwa alimi ambiri. Chomera chimakondwera ndi maluwa a eni ake nthawi yophukira-yozizira. Ngati cyclamen imalimidwa, chisamaliro chanyumba chidzafunika chidziwitso cha kusiyanasiyana.

Nkhani yamawonekedwe

Duwa la cyclamen linali lodziwika ku Roma wakale monga kukongoletsa kwa bwalo ndi nyumba, njira yothandizira matenda ndi zikumbutso.

Kutchuka kwa cyclamen kugwera pa 1939. Ku Ontario, chigawo cha Canada, Lloyd Veit, wokhala ku Delhi, amatsegula bizinesi yaying'ono - malo ogulitsa maluwa. Maluwa omwe kale anali m'modzi mwa ogulitsa maluwa akuluakulu ku North America.

Cyclamen mkati mwa nyumba

Maluwa a Farmley akugwira ntchito yopanga maluwa maluwa pachaka chaka chonse ndikutulutsa utoto ndi kubwera kwa ma cyclamens okongola.

M'mayiko aku Europe, cyclamen imawonekera mu 1650. Nthawi imeneyi imadziwika ndi kupangidwa kwa mitundu yolimba ya hybrid ndi kubereketsa mbewu kulikonse.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosangalatsa wamaluwa

Nthawi ya maluwa

Ngati cyclamen yakula pakhomo, imatha kutulutsa bwino mpaka zaka 15, ndikupanga chaka chilichonse maluwa okwanira 70 okongola. Kutalika kwa maluwa limodzi ndi masiku 10. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha masamba chimayang'anira maluwa nthawi - miyezi ingapo.

Maluwa ozungulira

Atafota, masamba, limodzi ndi peduncle, amazidulidwa mwaluso. Kudula ndikosayenera. Chitani pokonzekera malo opumira ndi makala.

Zomwe zimapangitsa masamba a cyclamen kutembenukira chikasu zimaphatikizira tizilombo toononga komanso matenda a phyto-matenda. Kufufuza mozama kumapangitsa gwero la matenda. Nthawi zambiri, chisamaliro chosayenera chimayambitsa kukula kwa kuvunda, cyclamen ikuwukira ndi kangaude. Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake.

Kutulutsa kwa cyclamen kumachoka ngati chizindikiro

Mitundu wamba

Mtengowo ndi wa perennials ochokera ku banja la Primrose. Ili ndi mitundu 20. Cyclamen amakulira kuthengo kutchire chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia, m'chigawo chapakati cha Europe, ku Middle East.

Mwa anthu wamba, maluwa amatchedwa mkate wopanda mkaka komanso nkhumba.

Tanthauzo la dzinalo limaphatikizidwa ndi chikondi cha nkhumba zakutchire kudya phwando la cyclamen tubers, kukumba pansi.
Cyclamen ndi ephemeroid yomwe imamasula kwakanthawi kochepa. Kenako masamba azikhalidwe amawuma, ndipo nthawi yopuma imayamba.

Obereketsa ochokera ku Netherlands adalandira mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa ya cyclamen yaku Persia. Zophatikiza zimadziwika ndi nyengo yayitali yayitali:

• Caliph;
• Lulu;
• Victoria

Pali mitundu yosakanizidwa ya European cyclamen. Amafunidwa ndi amalimi a maluwa:

• Purpurascens;
• Albamu;
• Nyanja ya garda;
• Chikalinda.

Ma cyclamen agawika m'magulu atatu motalika:

• muyezo - pafupifupi 30 cm;
• kukula kwapakatikati - mpaka 20 cm;
• undersized - 15 cm.

Mitundu yotsatira ya mbewu, zomwe zimasiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi malo okhala, zimagawidwa mwachilengedwe:

1. Chipereya. Zosiyanitsa pazikhalidweyo: mainchesi a nodulewo ali mpaka 15 cm, mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtima ndi siliva. Tsinde limafika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Maluwa ndi opaka, ofiira kapena ofiira. Kutalika kwa nsambo zazitali ndi masentimita 5. Chiphuphu cha cyclamen cha ku Persia chimamasuka kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka Marichi, nthawi yotentha imatulutsa masamba. Ngati cyclamen yaku Persia imalimidwa kunyumba, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuthirira pang'ono. Chotsani mapesi ndi masamba owuma. Mu Ogasiti, duwa limasinthidwa kukhala poto watsopano ndikuthilira mwadongosolo kumachitika. Zomera zophatikiza zapangidwa kuti zikhale maluwa.
2. European. Mukakulitsa alpine violets (wotchedwa maluwa mwanjira ina), kukula kwamasamba ndi masentimita 3-4.Pansi pa tsamba pali mtundu wofiirira. Maluwa ndi ocheperako, ma petals sapitilira 2 cm. inflorescence imakhala ndi kamtundu yoyera, ofiira kapena pinki. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa cyclamen ku Europe ndi nthawi yokongoletsera (Meyi-Seputembala), kusapezeka kwa boma lopumula ndi masamba owuma. M'nyengo yachilimwe imakhala ndi maluwa ku t = 25 ° C komanso m'mphezi zowala za dzuwa.

European cyclamen

3. Krete. Amakhala pachilumba cha Kerete. Makhalidwe ake ndi kuphatikizika, kupaka utoto wamkati.

Cretan Cyclamen

4. Kossky. Amakula ku Caucasus. Tizilombo ta cyclamen tating'ono kwambiri 10 musawope chisanu ndi kutentha m'chipale chofewa. Maluwa ofiira komanso oyera amakhala ndi madontho amdima pansi pamiyala.
5. Ivy. M'dzina lina Neapolitan. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe koyambirira kwa maluwa, kenako mapepala.
6. Wachiafrika. Kwawoko - Tunisia ndi Algeria. Amamera mu shrub. Masamba ali oumbika ndi mtima wake, ali ndi siliva wobiriwira wobiriwira. Amamera kuchokera ku tuber, kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 15. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kugwera masika, kutha kumapeto, kuphatikiza, masamba atsopano amapangidwa kokha mu Seputembara-Novembala. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imasungidwa chifukwa cha kuzizira pang'ono.

7. Caucasus. Chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Mphamvu ya mankhwala a Caucasian cyclamen amadziwika kuti: imakhudza chimbudzi, imabwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pozizira. Ili pansi pa chitetezo cha boma, yalembedwa mu Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory.

Ukadaulo waulimi

Nthawi yopumula

Cyclamen ikaberekedwa, kulima ndi kusamalira pakhomo sizichita popanda nthawi yopuma. Ndi kuyamba kwake, kuyanika ndi kufa kwa masamba a cyclamen kumalumikizidwa. Wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amatha kuchotsa chomera. Amakhulupirira kuti cyclamen ndi mbewu yokhayo yomwe singathe maluwa chaka chilichonse.

Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu thovu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njirayo pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chiwonetsero chokwanira cha mbewu, kuthirira sikumakhala pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono.

Mukakonzanso maluwa omalizira, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti muchepetse masamba owonongeka ndi masamba akale owuma. Mu nthawi yamasika, amaika chikhalidwecho pamalo achinyezi ndikusiya kunyowa kwakanthawi.

Nthawi yonse ikakwana

Munthawi yopumira, kusungidwa kwa cyclamen kunyumba kumachitika m'njira inanso: chitsamba chikazirala, kuthilira kumachepetsa, masamba akamwalira, duwa ladzuwa limasandulika 90 °. Chifukwa chake mbewuyo imasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kuyamba kwa nyengo yakugwa.

Maluwa atachotsedwa, nthawi yamaluwa imapitilira, ndikupanga masamba atsopano amathandizidwa. Kuchenjera koyenera ndikofunikira. Sizoletsedwa kutola, kudula maluwa ndi masamba akale. Amapindika kuzungulira tuber, mosamala, kupewa kuwonongeka. Zowonongeka zikachitika, zimakonkhedwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa.

Thirani maluwa

Kuika kwa mapulani a cyclamen kunyumba kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka zitatu. Ndondomeko amatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa mbewu: Mitundu yaku Europe idasinthika ndikuyamba kwa nyengo ya masika, kugwa - Persian. Njira yogwirira ntchitoyi ndi yoyenera. Kusunthira chikhalidwecho mumphika watsopano kumachitika ndi mtanda womwe umakulungidwa ndi mizu. Mu maluwa osakhwima, iwo amangodzaza dziko lapansi. Kumbukilani zigawo za ngalande.

Transshipment - njira yotchuka yothamangirira cyclamen

Ngati mukutulutsa maluwa kuchokera m'sitolo, yeretsani pang'ono ndi pang'ono dothi lakale. Dzazani chidebe chatsopano ndi gawo lapansi la mbewu za bulb (Florin, Tulip). Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yokhala ndi asidi. Kwa mmera wachichepere, duwa lamaluwa ndiloyenera, m'mimba mwake ndi 7-8 masentimita, atatu, kapena duwa lazaka zisanu, 14-15 cm.

Ma tubers a European man ataphimbidwa ndi dothi podzala, Persian - 2/3 yokha. Dothi likakhala labwino, palibe chifukwa chothira feteleza kwa miyezi iwiri.

Kutentha

Cyclamen nthawi zambiri imamera ndipo imaphukira bwino nthawi yozizira, kutentha ndikutentha + 10 ... +14 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwabwino kwa duwa ndi + 20 ... +25 ° C.

Kuthirira

Mukamachoka, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe madzi a cyclamen amayenera. Mudzafunika madzi ofewa, omwe ndi 2 digiri kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda. Asanamwe, adampatsa tsiku kuti ayime. Kukula kwa madzi kwakanthawi kumakhala nthawi yayitali maluwa.

Pewani kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi mumphika ndi kuzimiririka kwa madzi. Kutsirira pansi, komwe kumachitika poto, ndi koyenera kumera - chinyezi sichitha kukhala ndi masamba, nodule, chitsamba chapakati. Pambuyo kunyowetsa pachikhalidwe, patatha maola atatu, madzi owonjezera amachotsedwa poto.

Kuthirira cyclamen

Maluwa atamalizidwa, hydration imachepetsedwa. Ngati masamba afota kwathunthu, ma tubers amawululidwa, kuthirira ndikwachidziwikire komanso kochepa.

Dothi

Mukabzala mbewu gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yomwe idagulidwa. Dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi loyenera geraniums kapena Saintpaulia.

Dothi la cyclamens

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mchenga ndi perlite kumapereka friability ndi chinyezi. Dothi lodzala cyclamen ndilabwino ndi mulingo wosaloleka kapena pang'ono acid pH. Ngati angafune, amakonzekereratu. Mudzafunika ndi dothi laling'ono (magawo atatu) ndi peat, manyowa, mchenga (gawo 1) lotengedwa chimodzimodzi.

Dothi lochokera pamalowo limasulidwa ndi ma calcining mu uvuni wa microwave kapena kutaya njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Zosanjikiza pansi pa thankiyo, dongo lomakulitsidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi miyala ndi miyala.

Matanki a cyclamen afunikira kuchokera ku ceramic kapena pulasitiki.

Kwa akulu, mbale zokhala ndi 14-15 masentimita ndizothandiza, kwa mbande zazing'ono - zochepa. Sankhani mbale za chomera, kutengera kukula kwa nodule. Kuchokera m'mphepete mwa babu mpaka m'mphepete mwa maluwa, mtunda ndi wa 2 cm. Izi zimapereka chomera chamkati bwino bwino ndikukula kwa maluwa panthawi yake.

Kuwala

Ngati cyclamen yakula, momwe mungasamalire bwino, onjezani malangizo. Kuti mukule mokwanira, chikhalidwe chimafuna kuunika. Kuwala kwadzuwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa pachomera. Chojambula pawindo ndichoyenera kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Mukayikidwa kumbali yakum'mwera kwa duwa, ndibwino kuyikirapo kuchokera pawindo kapena pakuwombera. Mbali yakumpoto ndi malo osayenera a cyclamen.

Njira zakulera

Tubers

Asanayambe kufalitsa, maluwa tuber ayenera kuti aume. Ikayamba kufunika, gwiritsani ntchito nthambi iliyonse pamodzi ndi impso ndi masamba. Malo odulira amadzazidwa ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira kapena owazidwa makala opaleshoni, ndiye nthawi yochuluka kuti ayume (masiku awiri).

Tuber kufalitsa, chithandizo ndi zobiriwira

Amakwanitsa kuyendetsa magawo munthaka yonyowa, kuyikamo malo ndikuwatsirira nthawi zonse. Kusintha si 100%, gawo la kuchotsa.

Mbewu

Sungani mbeu pazinthu zamkati mwa cyclamen zomwe zingapangitse kuti mungu umere. Kudzithandizira kumathandizira kukhazikitsa kwam'mawa, kuphatikiza kubwereza.

Kupanga mbewu

Asanabzidwe m'nthaka, mbewuyo imanyowa kwa maola 24 ku Zircon (4 madontho 500 ml amadzimadzi). Kuti mukule mbande, mufunika dothi lotayirira. Pansi pa dothi, chidebe chomwe chili ndi mabowo pansi ndizofunikira. Choyamba, dongo lokwakulitsidwa 3 cm limathiridwa. Nthaka yophika imathiridwa pamwamba (6-7 cm). Dziko lapansi limanyowa. Fesani mbewuyo pamwambapa 2 cm, ndikumwaza pang'ono pansi. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema. Mphukira zimayembekezeredwa kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka itatu.

Cyclamen imamera

Nthaka imafunika kuthirira komanso kupukusa. Choyamba, mawonekedwe amtundu wa papo-wa mawonekedwe. Mukakulitsa masamba angapo, mbande mbande ndi kukhazikikanso kwa mbale imodzi. Pambuyo masiku 7-14, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi feteleza wovuta. Masamba a Cyclamen akuyembekezera chaka. Maluwa omwe amalimidwa panyumba amakhala osiyana ndi mphamvu komanso thanzi, poyerekeza ndi anthu ogula.

Ngati ma cyclamens adakula, chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira. Kudziwa bwino malongosoledwe a maluwawo ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakubzala komanso kubereka zimathandiza oyamba kukongoletsa mkati mwanyumbayo ndikusunga kukongoletsa kwake kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kanema