Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Kadinala"

Kumayiko akumwera masiku ano Ukraine ndi Russia, viticulture amachitidwa chimodzi mwa akale ulimi mbewu.

Mwinamwake chifukwa cha ichi, lero chomera ichi cha Amulungu chakhala chotheka kwambiri pakukula kwa aliyense.

Inde, n'zovuta kupeza chiwembu chapadera, osati chokongoletsedwa ndi chitsamba cha mphesa.

Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya mphesa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamatope ndi chifuniro cha amateur nyumba, ndi "Kadinali" mphesa.

Zomerazi zakhala pamwamba pa mphesa zowonjezereka kwa zaka zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira ku mbewu zake zapamwamba komanso zosazolowereka.

Ziri za makhalidwe ake, zida za kubzala ndi kulima zomwe zidzakambidwe pansipa.

Mmene mungasiyanitse mphesa "Kadinali" ya mitundu ina? Zofotokozera zosonyeza zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yamphesa yochuluka kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika m'mayiko akumwera a Europe, ku Ukraine, Russia ndi mayiko a ku Central Asia. Chiyambi cha zosiyanasiyana "Kadinala" ndi American, kumene asayansi akhala mitundu ya "Mfumukazi ya Mphesa Zamphesa" ndi mphesa za "Alfons Lavalle". Chifukwa cha chochitika ichi, mphesa zabwino za matebulo zinapezeka ndi zipatso zosayembekezeka kwambiri.

Makhalidwe a gulu la mphesa "Kadedi"

Kukula kwa gulu la mphesa "Kadinali" ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Pafupifupi kutalika kwa gulu limodzi kumakhala masentimita 19 mpaka 28, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 13 mpaka 19 centimita. Ngakhale, ngakhale panthawi yomweyi, pafupifupi masamba a masangowa ndi ochepa - ndi 342-510 magalamu okha. Nthawi zina pali masango olemera magalamu 900.

Komanso, masango a zosiyanazi amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a cylindric conical, ochepa kwambiri pansi. Mapangidwe a masangowa ndi omasuka kwambiri. Msola wa tsango chotero nthawi yayitali, ndi chisa chobiriwira, chomwe chimatha kuchoka mosavuta.

Monga tanena kale, zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mabulosi amodzi kungapangidwe pa 2.1 mpaka 2.9 masentimita, pamene kutalika kwake kumachokera ku 1.8 mpaka 2.3 centimita. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, "Kadinali" yamphesa imodzi ndi pafupifupi 7-9 magalamu. Mu mawonekedwe, amakhalanso osiyana mu mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena oval-oblong.

Nthaŵi zina pali zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi nsonga, zomwe zimadziwika ndi pang'ono. Mphesa ndizojambula mu mtundu wofiirira. Tsabolayi imaphimbidwa pamwamba pa sera yosanjikiza ya sera yomwe imasuta. Ngakhale kuti khungu la mphesa la "mphesa" la mphesa limakhala lochepa kwambiri, zimatha kuswa mosavuta.

Mphesa wamphesa "Kadinali" ali ndi mnofu wambiri, wamadzi wambiri komanso wobiriwira. Mtundu wa masamba a zipatso za mtunduwu ndi wobiriwira, wofanana ndi odzola. Pakatikati muli mbewu. Nambala yawo ili pafupi 2-4, koma ndi yaikulu kukula. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi zokoma zosazolowereka, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zokoma, koma osati zomveka, zokoma za nutmeg.

Mabulosiwa ali ndi shuga wambiri, wofanana ndi 15-18 magalamu pa 100 milliliters a madzi a mphesa. Choncho, acidity ya zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri siposa 7-9 magalamu imodzi lita imodzi ya madzi.

Cholinga chachikulu cha "Kadinali" mphesa makamaka ndi tebulo. Compotes ndi jams zopangidwa kuchokera kwa izo, zomwe ziri bwino kwambiri maonekedwe ndi kukoma, ndi ofunika kwambiri. Zonse zopangidwa zimasungidwa bwino pamene zifunikira zoyenera kukonzekera. Alimi ambiri, zosiyanasiyanazi zimakula mwina chifukwa chodya mwatsopano, kapena kugulitsa.

Zizindikiro za nthawi yakucha ya mphesa ndi zizindikiro za zokolola zake

Ponena za nthawi yokhala "Kadinali" ya mphesa, zosiyana ndi imodzi mwa zoyambirira. Kukula kwa zipatso za mphesa iyi kumabwera kale pa tsiku la 121 Pambuyo pa kutuluka maso, motero, kumaliza nyengo ya zomera. Zipatso za mphesa zimakhala ndi mtundu wawo, zomwe zimasonyeza kukula, pakati kapena kuyamba kwa theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi, chifukwa chokolola chimapezeka chaka ndi chaka.

Zokolola za mitundu iyi ya mphesa zimaonedwa kuti zingakhale zapamwamba, ngakhale sizingatheke kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Chifukwa cha izi ndi kupezeka kwa zochepa mu "mphesa" za mphesa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zokolola zosakhazikika, kuzifooketsa, kapena kuletsa kwathunthu masango a zitsamba. Koma zambiri pazomweyi.

Ndipo ubwino wa zokolola za zofotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana zikuphatikizapo mfundo yakuti, pafupipafupi, pafupifupi mphukira 67 zimapangidwa pa chitsamba chimodzi, chomwe chingathe kupereka zokolola zambiri. Ndipotu, ndi chimodzi chokha Kuthamanga kwa frisky kumaphatikizira makamaka masango 0.9, koma chipatso chokhala ndi chiwerengerochi ndi 1.3.

Mphamvu ya Kardinali ya mphesa yamphesa imakhala yofanana, ngakhale kuti ndidziwika kuti ndi zipangizo zamakono zaulimi, chitsamba ndi mbewu zimatha kusintha bwino ntchito yawo. Kuchokera apa tikusonyeza kufunika kwa chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zonse za mphesa, kuphatikiza zotsatira za mafakitale ndi a minda ya mpesa.

Ubwino wa mphesa "Kadinali" - zinsinsi zazikulu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Mukamasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yobzala pawekha, oyendetsa vinyo poyamba amaonetsetsa kukula kwa zipatso, komanso maonekedwe awo ndi kukoma kwawo. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti:

• Mphesa "Kadinali" ali ndi chofanana Kukolola kwa nthawi yaitali, yomwe ili pafupi miyezi itatu.
• Makhalidwe a zipatso za mphesa "Kadinali" amavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri olemera ndi mfundo 8-9.
• Mphesa za mphesa za zosiyanasiyanazi zimapirira nthawi yaitali zoyendetsa, panthawi yomweyi, popanda kuwonongeka komanso kutayika.
• Mtengo wapamwamba wopangidwa ndi mphesa zosungidwa.
• Zosiyanasiyana "Kadinali" amatha kukondweretsa zokolola zambiri pamene akuonetsetsa kuti ulimi uli bwino kwambiri

Zoipa za "Kadinali" ya mphesa - timadzilimbitsa ndi chidziwitso kuti tipewe zotsatira zoipa

Kupeza zipatso zamtengo wapatali za mphesa "Kadinali" sichinthu chophweka kwambiri, chifukwa chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopanda nzeru kwambiri komanso chosakhala chokhazikika. Koma ngati mwamsanga musanadziwe mavuto onse omwe angakumane nawo, n'zotheka kupereka chitsamba cha mphesa ndi chisamaliro chofunikira chonse ndi kuteteza ku kuwonongeka ndi kusowa kwa zokolola.

• Mitunduyi imakhala ndi matenda ambiri omwe amapezeka ngati mame, mildew ndi khansara.



• Pali nthawi zambiri kugonjetsedwa kwa mphesa za "Cardinal" grays ndi imvi zowola. Njenjete yakuphimba mphesa imayambitsa ngozi yaikulu ku chitsamba cha mphesa cha zosiyanasiyana.
• Pansi pa nyengo yoipa, zokolola zam'tsogolo zimakhala zowawa kwambiri: maluwa ndi mazira a mphesa amatsitsidwa; mphesa za mphesa zikhoza kusungunuka. Motero, kavalidwe ka mphesa kakagwera, masango amakhala ochepa.
• Kukaniza kutentha kwa nyengo yachisanu muzinthu zofotokozedwa mosiyana ndizochepa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo ya chisanu, monga mphesa zimayamba kuphulika kumayambiriro.
• Mitengo ya zipatso za mphesa sizingatheke kupweteka.

Komanso chidwi kuti muwerenge za kugulira mphesa mphesa

Malangizo onse oyenera kulumikiza choyenera cha mphesa "Kardinala" pa webusaitiyi

Funso lofunika kwambiri lomwe lingakhalepo musanadzale mphesa: momwe mungabzalidwe ndi chiyani. Pankhani ya Kadinali zosiyanasiyana, njira yowonongeka ndiyo kusankha njira yobzala ya kudula mphesa. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti zimakhala zosavuta kuti apange mphesa yopatsa mpesa akakolola. Kuphatikizidwa ku nkhuni zosatha. Inde, n'zotheka kukula izi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku sapling, koma njirayi idzakhala yaitali ndipo chitsambachi sichidzagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.

Kusankha bwino nyengo, nyengo ndi nthaka kwa zosiyanasiyana "Kadinala"

Monga tanenera kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imaonedwa ngati yopanda pake, choncho, mukadzadzala, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Izi mphesa zosafuna kuti ziwotche. Choncho, ndi bwino kulima nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Komabe, izi zingapereke zotsatira zabwino ngakhale zitabzalidwa m'madera ozizira komanso popereka chitsamba champhesa ndi chisamaliro chofunikira.
• Nthaŵi yosankhika yobzala Kadinali ndi yamasika, popeza izi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kutentha. M'pofunika kusankha nthawi yobzala mbewu, koma nyengo ikafika pa 15ºє ndi nthaka kutentha sifupi ndi + 10 ºї.
• Mitengo ya mphesa yabwino yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi yokhoza kubereka zipatso pa dothi monga loam ndi sandstone. Njira yabwino ndi nthaka yakuda, yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri yomwe ili ndi zofunikira zonse zobzala mphesa.
• Ndibwino kuti mupange mphesa pa chiwembu chanu kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba kapena zothandizira zomwe zingateteze ku chimphepo. Mpumulo wa mphesa unali woyenerera kwambiri pamtunda wa kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo.

Mphesa wamphesa "Kardinala" ku katundu

Musanayambe kutsata ndondomeko ya mphesa, ndikofunika kukonzekera kudula.

• Phesi yabwino ayenera kukhala ndi maso 2-3.



• Gawo lomaliza la kudula liyenera kudula milimita ingapo pansi pa pepala pokhapokha kuchokera kumbali ziwiri, kuti mupeze mtundu wa mphete.
• Gawo lakumtunda la kudula limasintha kuti asunge lonyowa. Pochita izi, kudula mwamsanga kumalowa mu parafini yotentha kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo imalowa mumadzi kuti uzizira.
• Gawo lodulidwa liyenera kukhala mu madzi kwa nthawi yaitali isanafike, ndipo izi zidzakhudza mizu. Komanso, mukhoza kuziyika mu njira yowonongeka (madontho 10 a mankhwala pa lita imodzi ya madzi).

Zogulitsa ziyeneranso kupatsidwa maphunziro oyenerera. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha mphesa "Kadinali" zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito matchire akale a mphesa "Berlandieri X Riparia" kapena "Shasla X Berlandieri". Atachotsa chitsamba chakale, tsinde laling'ono latsala, lomwe pamwamba pake liyenera kuyeretsedwa kuti likhale losalala bwino.

Pakatikati, chigambachi chimagawanika kuti pakhale mwayi woyika phesi la mphesa kugawikana. Kuwaza zidazo ziyenera kukhala mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi nyundo. Timayamba katemera:

• Kudula kumayikidwa mosamala mugawanika ndi gawo lake lochepetsedwa kuti mapewa ake akhalebe pakati pa kupatukana.
• Nkhokweyi imalimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu ndipo imamangirira kuti ikanike mwamphamvu momwe mungathere. Pofuna kumanga zingwe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu ya thonje, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso imatha kutha.
• Malo opatsirana katemera akhoza kudulidwa ndi dongo, zomwe zidzasunga chinyezi chofunikira muzu.
• Pambuyo katemera, ndi kofunika kwambiri kutsanulira mowonjezera katunduyo, kumadzaza ndi chinyezi chofunikira. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito bwino ndowa zitatu.
• Kuphatikiza kwa nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba cha mphesa chophatikizidwa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino potsamira phesi.

Kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Kardinala" - njira yosungira zokolola

Kulephera kwa fruiting kwa Kadinali mphesa akadali kotheka kuteteza ndi kupambana. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunika kuti tikumbukire zofooka zathu zonse ndi matenda omwe angathe kuti tipeze nawo nthawi.

Mitengo yoyenera kuthirira "Kadinali: chofunika kudziwa chiyani za mphesa?

Mphesa ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyezi. Komabe, nthawi yochulukirapo imakhala yomwe imayambitsa kusokoneza ngakhale mu zipatso zokhwima. Choncho, ndibwino kuti kuthirira mphesa pafupifupi kawiri pa nyengo: isanalowe maluwa komanso pomaliza ntchitoyi. Komabe, nthawi yamvula, kuthirira kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Momwemonso, ngati pali mvula yochulukirapo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze kayendedwe kake kosungira malo.

Kupaka kovala pamwamba ndi kukulitsa kwa munda wa mpesa

Chifukwa cha njira zoterezi, mphesa zimakhala zokhutira kwambiri ndi zakudya zofunika kwambiri komanso zimakhala zotheka kuthetsa matenda. Dothi la mphesa la mulching ndilobwino mu kasupe ndi yophukira, pogwiritsa ntchito izi pafupifupi masentimita atatu a humus osamvera. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mukhoza kudyetsa mphesa yamphesa ndi mchere feteleza, mwachitsanzo yabwino potash-phosphorous.

Kukonzekera Kadinali Mpesa ku Cold

Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu, choncho ngakhale m'madera otentha kwambiri, zimalimbikitsa kuziphimba.

Kwa malo ogona, mungagwiritse ntchito udzu ndi udzu, womwe, pamodzi ndi mulch, umafalikira pambali yozungulira, kuyesera kubisala shtamb mphesa mokwanira. Ngati pali chiopsezo cha chisanu cha mpesa - ndibwino kuyika pansi ndikukhala bwino, komanso thunthu.

Kudyetsa minda yokha kumayenera kuphimbidwa mosamalitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, chotengera chachikulu (makamaka matabwa) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chilibe pansi. Ikayikidwa pamwamba pa mphesa ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthaka.

Kudulira mphesa za mphesa "Kadinali": ndi chiyani chofunikira kuziganizira?

Pamene kudulira ndikofunika kwambiri kupanga mpesa wokha. Kwa "Kadinali" zosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawotchi amafunikira bwino, kapena angapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Huyo. Mulimonsemo, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti zabwino fruiting katundu pa chitsamba chimodzi sayenera kupitirira 25-30 mabowoPopeza chitsamba cha zosiyanasiyana ndi wa sing'anga kukula. Chiwerengero cha mphukira, chimene sichidzazaza chitsamba, ndi 13-16.

Kudulira kumachitika nthawi zambiri kugwa. Ngati mwasankha kuchita izi mu April - izi ziyenera kuchitika musanayambe kutsegula maso a mphesa. Kwa "Kadinali" mphesa, kudulira kuyenera kukhala kochepa, kuchoka pa maso 6 pa mphukira uliwonse.

Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mphesa "Kardinala"?

Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a chitsamba cha mphesa "Kadinali" ayenera kuchitikaPopanda kuyembekezera maonekedwe a matendawa. Ndi bwino kupopera mphesa ndi fungicides panthawi yomwe maluwa asanamalize komanso atatha kumaliza. Ngati matenda amapezeka mobwerezabwereza akupopera mankhwala. Monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mukhoza kutenga zonse zomwe sizikuvulaza mbewu.