Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu peyala "November" amaonekera mwa kupereka zokolola zambiri za zipatso zokoma ndi zonunkhira bwino ndi khalidwe la kusunga bwino, pafupifupi osadwala, komanso akusamalira anthu odzichepetsa komanso olimba mtima.
Kuti peyala "Noyabrskaya" izidziwonetsere mu ulemerero wake wonse, ndi kofunika kuti iziperekedwe ndi chisamaliro chokwanira ndi chitetezo chodalirika pa tizirombo, kupitilira m'nkhaniyi kufotokoza za teknoloji yaulimi, chithunzi ndi kanema wa zipatso.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Peyala "November" ndi autumn skoroplodny kalasi, yomwe yalimidwa ku Russia kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.
Zipatso "November" Zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, zokoma ndipo ali abwino mu compotes, kupanikizana, jams, amateteza, confitures ndi zouma.
Mitengo ya autumn imaphatikizaponso: Autumn Yakovleva, Samara Beauty, Tatyana, Fairy Tale ndi Larinskaya.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
"Noyabrskaya" inachotsedwa ndi Institute of Research Scientific Research of Agriculture. Wolemba wa zosiyanasiyana ndi wofalitsa A.V. Bolognaev.
Wasayansi anadutsa chisanu Ussuri pear ndi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Belgium "Zima Zima", motero, ndipo analandira peyala yolimba kwambiri yotchedwa" November ".
Mu 1950, adalongosola koyambirira, mu 1958 adasamutsidwa kukayezetsedwa ku mayiko a boma, ndipo mu 1974 adalimbikitsidwa kulima. ku Far East.
Nthawi zambiri, "November" amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Khabarovsk ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Primorsky Krai. Zikomo mkulu wachisanu hardinesspeyala "Noyabrskaya" mwakula bwino komanso Mapiri a pakati a Russia, komanso m'madera akum'mwera kwa Siberia.
M'dera lino, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala ili yabwino kwambiri: Hera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Elena ndi Vernaia.
Peyala "November": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Mapeyala osiyanasiyana "November" ali Mtali wamtali wamtali ndi piramidi ya korona, kufotokoza mtengo kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi zipatso, popeza ali ochepa mu izi onetsetsani kuti muwone chithunzi pansipa.
Chigoba nthambi za peyala zimaonekera wandiweyani nthambi ndi kukula mmwamba.
Zipatso zimapanga nthambi ziwiri ndi zitatu, zomwe zimachepetsedwa nthambi ndi makola ophweka. Makungwa a nthambi ndi amitundu yobiriwira.
Masamba a peyala ali ndi mawonekedwe ophimba ovundukuka ndi nsonga zapamwamba ndi m'mphepete mwazing'ono. Mbali yakumtunda ya mbale yowonjezera imakhala yokutidwa mumdima wobiriwira, ndi pansi - mumdima wobiriwira.
Zosiyanasiyana "November" sungadzitamande ndi zipatso zazikulu. Awo zolemera kuchokera 64 g mpaka 74 g. Maonekedwe a peyala ovoid ndi kutchulidwa kukwama ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwirizana. Pakuti zipatso za "November" ndizochitika osasangalatsa, ngati odulidwa, otsika pansi.
Pamwamba ndi zosalongosoka ndi kuchepa kwazing'ono kumakhalanso pang'ono. Mtundu waukulu wa chipatso - chobiriwira chowala ndi chikasu chachikasu. Pa barre, anatembenukira ku dzuŵa, kuwala kowala kwambiri kumapezeka.
Mnofu woyera wa peyala ya "November" ndi wambiri komanso wamafuta pang'ono. Kukoma kwake ndi kokoma ndi kowawa komanso kosangalatsa kwambiri, kokhala ndi zodabwitsa Mafuta onunkhira. Maswiti "November" si otsika kwa mitundu yambiri yotchuka - kuchuluka kwake shuga mmenemo pafupifupi 10,8%.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza peyala zosiyanasiyana "Noyabrskaya" mu chithunzi pansipa:
Penyani kanema kumene mukuwona zipatso za November November peyala.
Zizindikiro
Pamwamba ndi khola zokolola - Imodzi mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana.
Poyesedwa m'madera a boma kuchokera ku mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana "Noyabrskaya" ali ndi zaka 9, 54.8 c / ha anasonkhanitsidwa, ali ndi zaka 10 - 90.6 c / ha, ndipamwamba kwambiri zokolola zinali 212 magulu / ha.
Zakudya zabwino zimasonyezanso ndi Krasulia, Lada, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Nursery ndi Dekabrinka.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi skoroplodnym ndikuyamba kuvomereza m'chaka cha 3 kapena 4 cha moyo.
Zaka zisanu mutabzala, peyala zipatso zatha kale.
Kuyamba kofulumira kwa fruiting kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito katundu "Quince VA-29".
Zosiyanasiyana ndi samobfruitny. Mitengo yabwino yopanga mungu wochokera ku mapeyala "Noyabrskaya" ndi mitundu ya autumn, panthawi yomweyi ikufalikira October kapena Yablokovidnaya mtengo wa peyala ndi ena.
Peyala osiyanasiyana "November" kucha kumapeto kwa September. Komabe, amapeza kukoma kwawo kodabwitsa mwezi umodzi wokha mutatha kukolola.
Ndikofunika kunena zimenezo Zipatso ndizolimba kwambiri pamtengo ndipo sizigwa pansi ngakhale ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Komanso, iwo ali nawo kusunga bwino khalidwe ndi kusungidwa bwino mpaka Chaka Chatsopanondipo nthawizina pang'ono.
Ngakhale kuti "November" amalingaliridwa Mitengo yozizira, nyengo ndi nyengo yozizira, imatha kumira pang'ono, choncho imafuna kusungunula bwino.
Kudera la Amur izi zosiyanasiyana zimakula makamaka mu mawonekedwe otambasulidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chake chisamangidwe kwambiri.
Zosiyanasiyana za peyala zimasiyana kwambiri ndi chisanu chotsutsa: Rogneda, Rossoshanskaya wokongola, Fairy, Dyushes ndi Tonkovetka.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kufika pansi n'kofunika sankhani peyala mbande za zaka ziwiri.
Kusamala kwakukulu kuyenera kulipidwa pamene kugula mizu - iyenera kukhala bwino.
Kufika nthawi kungakhale ngati masika ndi autumn.
Mapeyala amakonda kukula pa nthaka youma ndi yotseguka ndi nthaka ya loamy kapena mchenga.
Pa nthaka ya mchenga, zokolola zawo zacheperapo, ndipo pamapiri a mitengo yamitengo kufa.
Madzi a pansi pa nthaka ayenera kukhala akuya osachepera 2.5 mamita. Peyala silingalole mthunzi, choncho ndibwino kuti uzibzala patali osati mamita 4 kuchokera ku nyumba zazikulu.
Gombe liyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale: chifukwa chodzala m'dzinja - masiku 14-15, kwa kasupe - kuyambira autumn. Kuzama kwa dzenje lapamwamba-kukula "Peyala" liyenera kukhala osachepera 1 kapena 1.2 mamita, ndi m'mimba mwake - osachepera 80 masentimita. Chomera chomera mitengo yolimba - 4 ndi 5 m.
Pokonzekera dzenje, chapamwamba chapamwamba cha dziko lapansi ndi wandiweyani kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 cm anadzipatulira padera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chisakanizo chachonde.
Kuphatikiza pa ndondomeko yowonjezera pamwamba, ndowa zitatu za ndowe kapena masamba humusza zidebe ziwiri mchengapalibe makapu a superphosphate, pafupifupi supuni zitatu potaziyamu sulphate.
Ngati malo omwe ali pamtengowu ndi acidic, kilo imodzi ndi hafu yawonjezeredwa ku nthaka yachonde. laimu. Kusakaniza kwa michere kumasakanizidwa bwino, kumadzaza dzenje ndi magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu ndikusiya kugwira ntchito.
Musanabzala, nkhumba imathamangitsidwa mu dzenje (30 cm kuchokera pakati). Kenaka phokoso limapangidwa pansi, sapling ndiikapo ndipo mizu yonse yowongoledwa bwino.
Kenaka, dzenje ndi mtengo wokhazikitsidwa ndi dziko lapansi, osayiwala kuti khosi liyenera kukhala 4 kapena masentimita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka. Dziko lapansi ndilobwino Tamped ndi kuthira madzi atatu kapena 4.
Kuti muchite izi, pambali pa dzenje mumapanga dothi lopangira ulimi wothirira. Komanso, dera lozungulira mzere mulch ndi peat, utuchi kapena humus, ndipo mtengo wokha umangirizidwa ku khola pogwiritsira ntchito njira 8.
Achinyamata, osati kale kwambiri anayala mapeyala pamadzi pafupifupi 4 pa mwezi. Mitsuko yokwanira ya madzi ofunda pa mtengo uliwonse. Mitengo ya peyala yayikulu safuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, monga mizu yawo mizu imakula kwambiri ndipo imatha kutulutsa madzi okha.
Kuthirira koyamba kumachitika masika. pamaso pa impso, wachiwiri - kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pambuyo pa peyala yatha. Ndi kuyamba kwa tsamba kugwa kumachitika kuthirira kwachitatu. Pa mtengo umodzi ali ndi zaka zitatu mpaka 4, madzi okwanira 6 amafunika.
Chimadzi cha madzi ambiri a pear akuluakulu - Nkhokwe 3 pa 1 sq. Mamita a malo pansi pa korona. Kusakaniza kumaonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yabwino yothirira ya mapeyala.
Ndikofunikira! Pristvolny bwalo la mtengo wa peyala nthawi yonseyi ayenera kusungidwa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku namsongole. Komanso, nthaka yozungulira peyala iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse.
Kudyetsa mapeyala kungayambike pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu za moyo wake.
Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse, zinthu zowonjezera ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ngati mullein kapena slurry.
M'chaka cha peyala mitengo amadyetsedwa nitrogen fetelezandi kugwa phosphorus-potaziyamu.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi bwino kupopera zomera ndi njira yothetsera sulfate (2%), urea (2%) kapena superphosphate (3%). Komanso peyala yabwino yovala zovala za urea mutatha kukolola.
Peyala yokonzera kudulira "Noyabrskoy" ikuchitika mwamsanga mutabzala. Nthambi zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi zitatu. Pakati pa moyo wonse, mtengo umasowa ukhondo ndi kubwezeretsa kudulira.
Masika onse korona amathyoledwa, owuma, odwala ndi owonongeka nthambi amachotsedwa. Mphukira za zaka ziwiri zimachepetsanso nthambi za zaka zitatu zimadulidwa. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse mupitirize kukhala patsogolo pa otsogolera.
Ngati nthambi ikuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndizosayenera kuchoka, chifukwa zimalepheretsa kuchiza mabala. Pofuna kudulira mitengo ya peyala, nthambi zosapitirira 25% ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisapangitse mtengo kukhala wovuta kwambiri.
M'madera ozizira kwambiri, peyala "Noyabrskaya" ikhoza kufota pang'ono, choncho imayenera kutetezedwa.
Mtundu wa thunthu la mtengo chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira amamera ndi kutsika kwa dziko lapansi kapena humus.
Shtamb yophimbidwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka ndipo kenaka imakhala ndi ubweya wamtundu kapena grid pofuna kuteteza makoswe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana "November" zolimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndipo ngakhale ku matenda wamba a peyala monga bakiteriya kutentha ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html.
Kukaniza matenda kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yotsatira: Chizhovskaya, Lel, Severyanka, Moscow Oyambirira ndi Chudesnitsa.
Komabe iye osati inshuwalansi kuti asakumane ndi tizirombo. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Pofuna kupewa tizirombo, ma stumps ndi chigoba nthambi za peyala zimachotsedwa makungwa akale. Zotsalira zazomera ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwanso ku malowa kugwa.
Njira zoterezi zimathandiza kuwononga zinyama za overwintering ndi tizirombo tazira. Kusonkhanitsa mbozi za peyala njenjete m'munsi mwa thunthu zimakhazikitsidwa maboti.
Ndi nthenda zambirimbiri, mwatsoka, tizilombo sitingathe kuchita. Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo koopsa kwa peyala, mankhwala ambiri amachitika (3 mpaka 5 pa nyengo iliyonse).
Mitengo Mphindi 1 kapena 2 kupopedwa pa nthawi ya kutupa kwa impso, kamodzi - maluwa asanafike maluwa, masabata angapo pambuyo maluwa ndi autumn. Chiwerengero cha mankhwala akhoza kuwonjezeka ngati mapeyala amatetezedwa ku tizilombo zomwe zimatulutsa mibadwo iwiri pa chilimwe.
Kulimbana nsabwe za m'masamba, pear sucker, leafworm, weevil ndi tizilombo tina timadya ndi masamba Sumi-Alpha, Karbofos, Calypso, Iskra, Tsitkor, Fury, Kinmiks, Aktara, Decis, Agravertin.
Kulimbana ndulu ya mchere gwiritsani ntchito "Sulfur colloid", "Fito-verm", "Demit", "Agravertin", "Nearon".
Makhalidwe ofunikira amenewa ndi mapeyala ndi kusunga kwabwino kwa zipatso ndi kukana matenda a fungali amasiyanitsa "November" ndi mitundu ina.
Mukadzalima pakhomo lanu, mudzatha chaka chilichonse kuti muzisangalala ndi zipatso zabwino komanso mukamawadyetsa ngakhale pa maholide a Chaka Chatsopano.
