Kukula kwamatcheri kuchokera pambewu sikuloleza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa amakonda njira zakumasamba: amalekanitsa muzu wowombera, mizu, zodula. Koma nthawi zina kufalitsa mbewu ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kupeza chomera chomwe chimasinthidwa bwino ndi zochitika zakomweko, mukufuna kupanga bonsai kapena kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira zina zolerera sizipezeka.
Momwe mungabzalale chitumbuwa kuchokera ku mwala: malangizo pang'onopang'ono ndi chithunzi
Njira zokulira imodzi mwazipatso zosakhwima kwambiri za m'munda wa Russia kuchokera mu nthanga zimaphatikizapo njira zosavuta zotsatirazi:
- Sankhani zipatso zabwino kwambiri, zokongola, zazikulu.
- Chotsani thupi ku zamkati, nadzatsuka ndi madzi, ndiye ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate, ndi youma m'malo osinthika. Mu chithunzi pansipa, mafupa amayeretsedwa ndi zamkati pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosavuta - fupa ejector. Mabwana akumudziwa bwino, omwe amakonda kukolola zipatso zopanda chitumbuwa.
Ndikosavuta kuchotsa mbewu ndikusunga zipatso zonse mothandizidwa ndi pusher
- Sakanizani mafupa ndi mchenga wonyowa, ikani malo abwino. Apa azipezeka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala.
Yang'anani! Nthawi zambiri, mchenga womangidwa amangopezeka kwa anthu okhala m'mizinda, koma sizoyenera kuutenga. Amasiyana ndi mtsinje pokhapokha ngati pali zofunika kuchitikira, madzi ndi mpweya. Ikanyowa, imamatira, kutsekereza mpweya. Mchenga wotere umakhala ndi mwayi wowononga. Mchenga waku Coarse uyenera kutengedwa. Amadziwikanso kuti quartz.
Mchenga kapena quartz ndiye gawo lapansi labwino kwambiri losungira mbewu
- M'mwezi wa Okutobala ,fesani pansi ndikukumba 3 cm kuya.
- M'nyengo yozizira, mafupa amakhala amtambo.
- Kuwombera kumawonekera kumapeto.
Njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake - ndizovuta kuyendetsa kayendedwe. Njira iyi siyabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mbewu zochepa chabe za chitumbuwa chamtengo wapatali. Komanso, sizoyenera ngati dera likakhala losakhazikika nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale chofewa - komabe, chikhalidwe cha chitumbuwa ndichofatsa. Amatcheri ena, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Troitskaya, imabereka bwino podzibzala yokha ku Siberia. Koma muzochitika ngati izi tikulankhula za mbewu zomwe zidatengedwa pamtengo zomwe zidazolowera kale zovuta zakumaloko.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kusunga maenje a chitumbuwa mpaka Disembala, kenako nkulocha mwangozi. Mukasunga, onetsani chinyezi chofunikira komanso kutentha - mpaka 20 ° ะก. Mafupa amayenera kuwunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awononge ndi nkhungu. Mutha kuwasakaniza osati ndi mchenga, komanso ndi peat, ndi moss, ndi utuchi - chilichonse chakumasulidwa, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti mafupa samafufuma, komanso nthawi yomweyo osasamba. Inde, ndibwino kubzala zipatso zamwala mukangodya, koma sizotheka. Ndikofunika kuti musamadye mopitilira muyeso - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe mbewu sizimamera konse. Ndikokwanira kupukuta mafupa pang'ono, kenako ndikuyika pomwepo mu gawo lomwe mukufuna. Kusungitsa mafupa kukhala osavomerezeka - kumera koipa. Pali zinthu ngati izi - ukatha-kukolola kucha nthanga. Mafupa a Cherry, monga mbewu zambiri zomwe zimayenera kupirira nthawi yayitali, amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yakucha, kotero kufesa mbewu youma nyengo yachisanu isanakhale cholakwika.
Moss Sphagnum amakula paliponse m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zotentha, koma mutha kuzigula
Malangizo okukula maenje a chitumbuwa kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuwongolera njirayi amawoneka motere:
- Tengani njere pa zipatso zouma zomwe zimapangidwira kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, kapena ingosungani mbewu mpaka nthawi ino mufiriji. Chifukwa chake, mafupa adzapangidwa kale.
- M'mwezi wa Marichi, ikani njere mumchenga kapena mumchenga wonyowa. Phimbani ndigalasi, ikani pamalo owala. Kutentha sikwachilendo kwa maenje a chitumbuwa, pezani sill yoziziritsa ndi kutentha kwa 15-20 ° C
- Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbewu zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuthira manyowa.
- Pakatha miyezi iwiri, mbewuzo zimamera.
- Tsopano amatha kusanjidwa, amphamvu kwambiri amatha kubzala angapo m'maenje omwe adakonzera m'mundawo, kapena m'miphika. Mwalawo unaphwanyidwa ndi muzu waukulu womwe umawoneka kuti umayikidwa mbali yake, wowazidwa ndi dothi kuti usaoneke, ndipo patadutsa masiku angapo amuchotsa dothi lambiri, ndikuulula mwalawo ndi magawo awiriawiri. Kapena muyenera kukumba pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuti muzu "umvetsetse" kuti umafunika kukula, koma fupa limatha kuwonedwa.
Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa mutha kusankha mitengo yolimba ndikuwadzala m'malo okhazikika.
Chomera chaching'ono, chomwe chidaphuka ndi zipatso za masamba awiri ndi masamba awiri owona
Pansipa tikambirana magawo awiri ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa chitumbuwa kuchokera ku maenje: ndi njira zina ziti zomwe zingapangidwenso ndikuthamangitsa kumera mwa kukonza molondola maenje.
Ntchito yokonzekera: chithandizo cha mafupa
Mbewuyo ikangofulumira, mbewu zake zimamera mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kumera kwa mbewu zamiyala (ma apricots, mapichesi, yamatcheri), njira zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chipolopolo cholimba chimatha, mthupi, mwakuthupi. Njira yosavuta yothamangitsira kumera kwamatcheri ndikunyowetsa mbewu m'madzi masiku angapo asanafike pamtunda. Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri. Pambuyo pa masiku 4-5, amayamba kuyanjana.
Zinadziwikanso kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kumakhudza kuthamanga kwa kumera. Mukamakula kwambiri pakati pa kutentha kwambiri ndi kotsika, mbewu zimadzuka mwachangu. Chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha njere ndi madzi otentha zimadalira pakuwona kumeneku. Mbewu zimayikidwa pamiyala ya ma mesh ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha, zimayatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa masekondi ochepa.
Kutentha kwambiri kungakhale kothandiza ngati mbewu zidatengedwera mochedwa, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yamasika, ndipo palibe nthawi yoti mbewu zikhalepobe nthawi yayitali. Pamaso pa mphukira ndikofunikira kugawa mwezi. Ndipo izi zisanachitike, kukonzekera kosiyanitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafupa amayenera kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda, kuwasunga m'masiku atatu, kusintha madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Kenako imani maminiti 20 mu pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako muyenera kuyika mafupa mufiriji (kutentha -6C) kwa maola 1.5-2. Pambuyo pake, tulutsani mafupawo, kusamutsira kuchipinda chofunda, kutsanulira madzi pafupifupi 50-55 ° C (ofunda ndi dzanja). Ngati mafupa sakusweka, bwerezani njirayi. Tsopano mutha kubzala mbewu ndikudikirira kumera.
Scaration ndimakina osintha pamagamba olimba. Nthawi zambiri imasungidwa bwino ndi fayilo kuti izivuta kuti chomera chiwonongeke. Mutha kuyesa kuboola. Mwachilengedwe, chipolopolo chimayamba kuonda kwambiri motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zingapo - chinyezi, kusintha kwa kutentha, mabakiteriya. Kuwonekera nthawi yayitali komanso yosiyanasiyana popanda chiwopsezo cha nkhungu sikungatheke kunyumba nthawi zonse. Ingokumbukirani kuti kuchepa sikumangotulutsa mokhazikika komanso kutsata konseko. Kuti mudzutse mluza ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake, kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kumafunika, ndipo kuchepa kumangowonjezera kutuluka kwake. Chitani zoperewera musanayikidwe ndi kutuluka.
Kuyika Chithunzi Kovuta
Kugawidwa kwa nthangala za chitumbuwa - gawo lofunikira kwambiri kumera
Stratification ndiyofunikira! Cherry amatanthauza mbewu zammunda zomwe mbewu zake zimadutsa gawo lokhazikika. Mbewu zotere, maimelo ambewu samatetezedwa kokha ndi chipolopolo chowononga, cholimba, koma chimayatsidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimachepetsa kusasitsa kwa mluza. Kukhalanso nyengo yachisanu ndi chizindikiro kuti iwo azikonzekera pang'onopang'ono kumera - zinthu zomwe, m'malo mwake, zimathandizira kukula kumayamba kupangidwa. Kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi kukafika pamlingo wina, mbewu imaphuka.
Ngati ndizosatheka kuyika mafupa a chitumbuwa mumsewu, amakonza nyengo yozizira.
Fupa logwiridwalo limasakanikirana ndi gawo lopanda kanthu. Itha kukhala utuchi, moss, mchenga, vermiculite, peat, kapena zosakanikirana zake mwanjira iliyonse. Ena amatenga dothi lomalizidwa la cacti. Chakudya sichimafunikira pano kuchokera kusakaniza, zida zake zama makina ndizofunikira - ziyenera kukhala zotayirira, zovomerezeka komanso chinyezi. Osakaniza ndi miyala amaikidwa mu chidebe, makamaka chowonekera, yokutidwa ndi chivindikiro momwe mabowo angapo amapangidwapo kale, ikani mufiriji kwa miyezi 2-3 (4-5 ° C). Onetsetsani kuti mumawunika pafupipafupi - osachepera 1 pa sabata. Ngakhale zonse zimatengera microclimate komanso gwero la gawolo - mutha kuyiwala za kubzala nthawi yonse yozizira, ndipo matenda a nkhungu kapena mafangawa sangasokoneze chodzala. Ngati zizindikirika zoyamba za nkhungu zimapezeka, mafupowo ayenera kuchotsedwa, kutsukidwa, kuthandizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate, wobzalidwe kachiwiri.
Izi ndizosiyana ndi kuyanika kwa maonekedwe. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zimanyowa ndikutumizidwa kuti zimere. Koma kusiyanasiyana kwa kochulukitsidwa konyowa ndikothekanso - dothi lomwe limakhala ndi miyala limasungunuka pang'ono, kenako limaphikidwa kale. Njira iti yomwe ili bwinoko ndi malo opumira. Kwa njere za mitengo ya maapulo ndi ma apricots, njira "yozizira kwambiri + yowuma pambuyo pake" imapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri: patsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, chigoba cholimba cha zipatso za apurikoti chimaphuka. Kuphatikiza kwodziwikiratu kwa njira youma sikumakhala pachiwopsezo choti fupa liyamba kuvunda. Kumbali inayo, kupindika konyowa kumakhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe ndipo, mwina, mafupa oterowo amaphukira mwachangu. Palibe maphunziro odalirika othandiza pankhaniyi.
Mbewu mumbale zamapulasitiki zakonzedwa kuti ziyambike mufiriji
Kudzala m'dziko liti
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yodzala mbewu za chitumbuwa ndi yomwe mitengo ya mayi ija idamera. Pakalibe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino popanga mbande. Pakumera kwa mbewu za chitumbuwa kunyumba, miphika yaying'ono, osapitilira 0,5 l, ndi yoyenera. Ngati pali mbewu zambiri, zibzalidwe m'mbale, kuyang'ana mtunda wa 20 cm mukabzala.
Mafupa ayenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita 2-3. Kuti muzikhala chinyontho, kubzala kumaphimbidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pazowoneka bwino. Pulirani pafupipafupi ndikuyang'ana. Mafupa amamera m'mwezi umodzi. Ngati munabzala mbewu ndi chipolopolo chosweka, kenako zimatha kumera patatha sabata limodzi mutabzala.
Ngati tikulankhula za kukula kwa sakura (chitumbuwa chabwino), ndiye kuti dothi limasankhidwa mosamala. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yochulukirapo, yopatsa thanzi - humus, nitrogenous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu amapanga.
Utoto wonenepa kapena sakura woboola ngati bonsai
Sprout chisamaliro
Ngati mbewu zafesedwa poyera, ndiye kuti zikamera nthawi yophukira, zimafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira, monga mbande zomwe zimapezeka ndi masamba. Chozungulira chozungulira chimasulidwa, kuthiriridwa, mbewu zimayesedwa ngati tizirombo, namsongole amachotsedwa. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbande imatha kukula mpaka theka la mita. Tsopano zitha kusamutsidwira kumalo kwamuyaya.
Ngati mbewu yabzalidwa mumphika, amayang'ana malo owala kwambiri, osatentha, otetezedwa kuti asalembe. M'nyumba, kuyeretsa konyowa nthawi zonse kumafunika.
Kutsirira ndikwabwino ... ndi chipale chofewa. Madzi osungunuka ali ndi chiyero chapadera komanso mawonekedwe ake, sanamvepo mchere wamchere ndi zinthu zolemera kuchokera padziko lapansi. Chipale chatsopano chimayalidwa pansi osakhudza zikumera.
Pakathirira mbande zazing'ono, chipale chofewa chatsopano ndichabwino kwambiri.
Patula mbewu zazing'ono ngati zibzalidwe m'nthaka yothira, palibe vuto - m'malo mwake, pamakhala ngozi yoti zitha kumwa. Zomera zosaphika zokha zimadyetsedwa miyezi iwiri mutabzala, koma muzochitika izi mulibe malingaliro ofunikira kuvala kwapamwamba - zonse zimatengera zolinga zakudzalidwa ndi deta yoyambirira (kupangika kwa bonsai, kukulira ndi cholinga chodzasinthira kumalo osatha, kukula kwa mphika, zakudya zamtunda, kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbewu )
Wakhala Bone Cherry
Feloni wokhala ndi zipatso amatenga mbali zabwino pakufesa mbewu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imamera pambewu. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuwerengeka ngati mitengo, yolinganizidwa komanso yosinthika kwambiri. Kumera kwa njere ndi pafupifupi zana limodzi - mwa mbewu 10 zimamera 8. Mfundo za kubzala sizisiyana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Tsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane malangizo
- Zomera zathanzi kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zambiri, zimasankhidwa pasadakhale.
- Zophatikizika mbewu zofesedwa m'dzinja mu nthaka yachonde 45-60 masiku asanayambe chisanu.
- Pofesa mu sitolo yamasika, stratify ndi kumera, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
- Gawo la mbewu limamera mwachangu. Kuti aleke kukula ndikuyamba mphukira yabwino, kachigobo komwe kamakhala ndi mafupa kukumbidwa mu chisanu. Sungani kutentha kwa 0 ° C mpaka nthawi yobzala.
- Konzani dothi: pa 1 sq. Km. m. - 10-15 makilogalamu a humus, 40 g awiri apamwamba superphosphate, 20 g wa potaziyamu sulphate.
- Pangani poyambira. Mbewu zimayikidwa pafupi ndi akuya kwa 2-3 cm.
- Kubzala kumayaliridwa ndi choponda chochepa cha humus. Osapitirira 1 cm.
- Kuwombera kumawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri.
- Masamba atatu owona atangowonekera mbande, adafupikitsa nthawi yoyamba, kusiya mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri.
- Kachiwiri kupendekera kukacha masamba 4-6 atawonekera. Zotsatira zake, masentimita 6 ayenera kukhalabe pakati pa mbande.
- Chisamaliro chokhazikika - kumasula, kumasula. Ena amalimbikitsa kuvala kwapamwamba kawiri pa nyengo.
- Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbande zimafika masentimita 60-70. Zitha kubzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Wazaka ziwiri anamva Cherry mbande
Zomera zofooka zimakhwitsidwa pamalo amodzi chaka chimodzi, ndikuziika mpaka mkugwa kotsatira.
Amatcheri ang'onoang'ono omwe amabzala kuchokera ku mbewu amasamalidwa chimodzimodzi ndi mitengo yomwe imatengedwa ndi njira zina. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndikuti mitengo imabala zipatso kwa zaka 3-4, osati 1-2, koma kutayika kwa nthawi ndikulipira. Masamba otengedwa ndi njere amatha kuzika mizu ngakhale ali pamavuto, kufikira kukhwima ndi kubereka zipatso nthawi zonse - 30-30 zaka.
