Aliyense yemwe anali ndi mphesa, amamva ndithu za tizilombo ngati phylloxera, omwe amati ndi malo a ku North America. Choyamba, kutchulidwa kwa zotsatira zake zowononga zomera ku Ulaya kuyambira 1868, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu chirombo ichi chinawononga mahekitala 6,000,000 a mipesa ya ku Ulaya, ndipo izi zinayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Tsopano pali njira zothandiza kupewa ndi kuteteza phylloxera, yomwe tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera
Phylloxera, kapena nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapweteka kwambiri osati kukolola, koma kwa munda wonse wamphesa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi tochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwake sikudutsa 1-1.5 mm. Zili zovuta kuziwonanso chifukwa chajambulidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena laimu, chifukwa umasungidwa bwino pa masamba ndi mphukira.
Mitundu
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kukhala ndi mapiko komanso opanda mapiko. Dongosolo lawo lakumadya limapangidwira kuti athe kudyetsa mizu ndi masamba a zomera, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale matchutsi ndi cuttings.
Muzu
Mphesa yopanda mphesa aphid imayambitsa matenda a mizu ndi pansi shtamb. Mphutsi yaying'ono yokhala ndi 0,5 mm yokha ndi yolimba kwambiri, imakhala yolimba kwambiri pansi pake, ndipo kutentha kumafika, ndiko kutentha kutsika pamwamba pa 0, iwo amakhala okhudzidwa ndipo amakhala azimayi omwe amayenera kukhala 1 mm. 
Mphesa zimadabwitsanso: njenjete, scytwalka, kangaude, kang'ambi, cicadka, thrips ndi mavu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi proboscis, yomwe imawathandiza kudyetsa kuyamwa kuchokera ku mizu ya mphesa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phylloxera m'matumbo ali ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe kudzera mwa proboscis zimalowa mu rhizome ndikuzirombola.
Pa mizu ya mphesa yothamanga ndi yokhazikika, yomwe imasokoneza moyo wamba wa chitsamba, mawonekedwe, imasiya kukula, ndipo pakapita kanthawi imamwalira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda mitundu ya mphesa ya ku Europe, sizitetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengoyi imakhala yoopsa kwambiri, zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimadulidwa, ndipo kubzala kwa mphesa pamalo ano sikuletsedwa kwa zaka 10-15, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti tithetse kunthaka.
Leafy
Motero, mapiko a mapiko, mapepala, masamba, amawononga masamba ena, ndiwo masamba, komanso mawonekedwe a mphesa. Mitunduyi imayika mazira pa mitengo ya shrub, yomwe mphutsi zimadzawonekera. 
Palinso mtundu wa ndulu wa tizilombo zomwe zimakhala makamaka pa mitundu ya mphesa ya America. Mitundu ya phylloxera imapanga mabala, ma tubercles pa masamba, omwe patapita kanthawi mphutsi zimawoneka, ndiyeno akazi. Podzaza pepala limodzi ndi galls, tizirombo timapita kumtsinje, ndipo zimakhudza chitsamba chonsecho.
Mulimonsemo, mothandizidwa ndi proboscis aphid amamwa madzi kunja kwa tsamba ndikuwathira ndi phula lake lovulaza, kuvulaza. Masambawa ali ndi zotupa ndi maluwa, ndipo ngati pali tizilombo tambiri pa shrub, tizilombo ndi tizilombo ta mbeu timamva.
Matenda ambiri a mphesa ndi: mildew, oidium, anthracnose, Alternaria ndi chlorosis.
Mitundu ya mphesa ya ku Ulaya ndi Asia imagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Zifukwa
Vuto ndilo kuti mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, madzi pa ulimi wothirira kapena mvula, tizilombo timafalikira mofulumira komanso patali mtunda wautali. 
Anthu a mapiko amanyamuka mwaulere kwa mamita 100. Tengani iwo ndi anthu pa zovala ndi nsapato, komanso ziweto ndi mbalame.
Ndikofunikira! M'minda yamphesa kumene amapeza phylloxera, kudzipatula kumatchulidwa pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa matendawa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wamphesa womwe unabzalidwa pa webusaitiyi. Mukamabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Ulaya muyenera kuzindikira kuti ali ovuta kwambiri ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo American wakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa wingless phylloxera, ndipo iwo amavutika ndi izo mochuluka mobwerezabwereza.
Mphesa monga "Moldova", "Cabernet Sauvignon" ndi "Isabella" zimatsutsa phylloxera.
Tsamba la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mkhalidwewu ndi wosiyana kwambiri, mitundu ya America ndi yosiyana, ndipo anthu a ku Ulaya akutsutsana kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndizomwe zimakhala zosiyana komanso sizidalira zosiyana siyana, koma zimadalira zinthu monga zaka za chitsamba ndi nthaka yomwe imakula.
Zitsamba zazing'ono, zomwe mizu yake sizowera pansi, zimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi omwe mizu yawo yayamba kale mizu. 
Phylloxera imasankha zowonongeka ndi nthaka, chifukwa chinyezi chimasungidwa mmenemo ndipo pali oxygen yokwanira, ndipo kutentha kumasungidwa, zonsezi ndizovomerezeka kuti zikhale "bwino" mmunda wamphesa.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino za kubzala mphesa cuttings ndi mbande (masika ndi autumn).
Ndipo ngati mubzala mphesa pamchenga, loamy ndi dothi lopaka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kuwononga kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kuti tizilombo tizisunga ntchito zofunikira pomwe mvula ndi mpweya sizikhalabe, koma mchenga umafa, mwadzidzidzi amafa.
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti nyengo sizilibe kanthu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalekerera nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu chokhazikika, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kutentha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Chowonadi cha mbiriyakale ndi chakuti minda yamphesa siinangokhalako ndi tizilombo toononga tizilombo, kutayika kwakukulu kudera lino kumagwirizananso mwachindunji ndi nkhondo. Izi ndizochitika makamaka nthawi yakalekale pamene, monga chitsanzo, wogonjetsa monga Tamerlane ankawotcha minda yamphesa pa nthawi yake.
Mmene mungamenyere
Zopindulitsa winegrowers amalangiza kubzala zakuthupi paokha, komanso kupereka zokonda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mbande zili ndi kachilomboka, ziyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo pazikhala njira ziwiri: fumigation ndi madzi.
Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikutha, ndiko kuti, m'nyengo yozizira. Imachita utumiki wake waukhondo, womwe umayenera kunena za phylloxera. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchiza madera omwe ali ndi kachirombo kazakonzekera.
Chithandizo chamadzimadzi chikuchitika m'nthawi ya moyo wathanzi wa tizilombo. Zili mu mfundo yakuti zomera zimatengedwa ndi emulsion wa gammoisomer wa hexachlorocycloclamelaxane.
Njira yabwino yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutetezera tchire tating'ono ndi mapuloteni a polyethylene palimodzi ndi kubzala ku kuya kwakukulu. Ngati malingalirowa atsimikiziridwa, tizilombo tili ndi mwayi wambiri wothetsera mizu ya mphesa. 
Palinso njira yothana ndi phylloxera, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchiza fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiko kuti, mankhwala. Pempherani katatu pa nyengo yokula: mwamsanga pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba, maluwa asanakhale maluwa ndipo atatha mazirawo apanga tchire.
Ndi chithandizo cha chemistry, minda yamphesa yowonongeka ndi phylloxera amachiritsidwa. Kuchita izi, pali mankhwala ambiri, ndipo otchuka ndi othandiza ndi awa:
- "Malathion";
- "BI-58";
- "Kinmikson";
- Zolon;
- "Confidor";
- Mitak.
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kutsatira nthawi zonse kuti mutenge chomeracho ndikuchotsani mtunda woyenera pakati pa mbande, popeza kuti mpweya wabwino wa shrub ukhoza kuwonetsa mavitamini.
Kugwiritsira ntchito katemera, ndiko, zikho, amatchulidwanso njira zowonetsera tizirombozi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti zidutswa zazitsamba zoumbidwa zikhale zathanzi. Komanso masitomu ayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chachikulu kwa aphid mphesa. Zikakhala pamene mphesa zili ndi mizu phylloxera, zowonongeka carbon disulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mlingo wake umadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka ndi kunyalanyaza munda wamphesa. Pamwamba pa 300-400 cm3 pa m2, n'zotheka kuwononga tizilombo ndikuyeretsa dothi, koma siziteteza mphesa, choncho mlingo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika 80 cm3 pa mita imodzi ndikusunga zomera.
Mukudziwa? Ndilo phylloxe yomwe inawononga mitundu ya mphesa yomwe vinyo wotchuka "Madera" anali atapangidwa kale, izo zinachitika m'zaka za zana la 19, koma, mwatsoka, alimi ankatha kuziika mmalo mwake ndi mitundu yina, ndipo ngale ya vinyo sinathere popanda tsatanetsatane.
Kupewa
Kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kusiyana ndi kuchiza, ndipo izi zimachitika poletsa kuchitika kwa phylloxera. Kuwona malamulo a kubzala ndi kusunga mbande mwaokha, tsopano mumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda.
Komanso, musanyalanyaze kupopera mankhwala, omwe akatswiri amalimbikitsa katatu panthawi yomwe ikukula, yomwe imatha pambuyo pa masamba 3-5 kubzala, maluwa asanakhale maluwa komanso atapanga mphesa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusunga malamulo a ulimi waulimi, kubzala m'nthaka yoyenera kudzapereka chitetezo chokwanira kumunda wamphesa. Kumbukirani kuti phylloxera sakhudza zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa mu loamy, dongo kapena nthaka yamchenga. Kujambula mphesa ndi mizu yambiri yosagonjetsedwa imathandizanso kuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda ndi phylloxera. Njira ina yoletsera ndi kusefukira kwa nthaka mothandizidwa ndi madzi ophatikiza ndi poizoni, koma ndiwopweteka kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito, chifukwa imangoletsa tizilombo todutsa m'nthaka kwa nthawi inayake, choncho alimi omwe amadziwa bwino kwambiri amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri - ndikofunikira kumvetsa kuti phylloxera ndi owopsa kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kumenyana. Choncho, musanadzale mphesa, nkofunika kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a mitundu yosiyana siyana, komanso kuti mumvetsetse kukula kwake kwa tizilombo.
