Aliyense amadziwa nkhalango. M'zaka za XIX, mawonekedwe ake ammunda adawonedwa ngati mbewu yokongoletsera ndipo patangotha zaka zana limodzi adayamba kubzala ngati zipatso komanso zipatso. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mabulosi ake m'mizu, omwe ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri umakhala wolemera kwambiri kuposa rasipiberi wamba. Mwa mitundu ndi mitundu mitundu, Ruben akuwonekera - woyamba mabulosi akumbuyo padziko lapansi.
Mbiri ya kukula kwa mabulosi akuda Ruben
Wolemba wakuda mabulosi Ruben ndi wa pulofesa waku America a John Ruben Clark, yemwe amapanga mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe ichi. Mu 2005, ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Arkansas, nthangala zakuda zomwe zidachokera ku mitundu A-2292T ndi APF-44 zidatumizidwa ku UK. Mu 2006, woweta mbewu wa Chingerezi adasankha mmera pansi pa code HPB3, yomwe idadzipatula yokha munthawi yoyamba ndi zipatso zambiri zazikulu. Pambuyo poyesedwa kumunda mu 2009, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idatchulidwa pambuyo pa wopanga - Ruben, ndipo mu 2012 kupangika kunapatsidwa mwayi.
Ruben - wotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi kukonza mabulosi akuda
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kukopeka ndi wamaluwa zipatso zabwino komanso zazikulu zipatso. Ubwino wamitundu yosiyanasiyana samangokhala mu kukoma kokoma kwa zipatso, komanso kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wamba a mabulosi mbewu, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri chisamaliro chobzala zipatso. Koma chachikulu ndikukhazikika, kutanthauza kuthekera kukolola kawiri pa nyengo. Kuthamangitsa mphukira wazaka ziwiri kumayamba kumapeto kwa June. Kuyambira mphukira zapachaka, zokolola zimakolola kuyambira Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Novembala.
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Mtengowo ndi wautali-wautali, wamphamvu, koma chitsamba chokulirapo 1.6-2.5 m kutalika. Mphukira ndi zowongoka, nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira mopepuka, akuluakulu ndi a bulauni, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimapangidwa. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zopanda phokoso, koma mulibe minga m'dera la zipatso, ndipo izi zimathandizira kukolola. Atakhwima, minga zimayamba kugontha. Masamba amawoneka ngati rasipiberi kapena currant, wokhala ndi notches kumapeto.
Blackberry Ruben amakula mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba champhamvu chowongoka cha mawonekedwe
Mabulosi akuda a Rubeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukongoletsa ngodya za m'munda: mkati mwa Epulo, chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi zokongola zazikuluzikulu za inflorescence.
Ubwino wopindulitsa wa mitunduyo ndi zipatso zake zazikulu: mpaka 6 makilogalamu a zipatso atengedwa kuthengo. Kukula kwa zipatso kumakhalanso kosangalatsa: kutalika - 4.5 masentimita, kulemera - 14.5 g. Zipatsozo ndizopatsa zipatso, zotsekemera, zonunkhira bwino komanso acidity pang'ono. Kuguwa ndi wandiweyani, kupatukana ndikosavuta.
Kukana chisanu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala koyenera, ndikofunikira kuphimba zimayambira nthawi yachisanu. Komabe, tikamata zinthu za mlengalenga, pobisalira safunika.
Mafuta amadzimadzi Rubeni ndiwotsekemera kwambiri ndi acidity pang'ono
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizira mavuto a kupukutira mungu: kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kutsika kwa mbewu yachiwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zachiwiri zimatha kuchedwa, pofika Novembala, zipatso zobiriwira zimachitika nthawi zambiri, chifukwa zipatso zimasokonekera.
Kanema: Rubeni wa Blackberry
Zowongolera
Mu gawo limodzi, mabulosi akutchire amakula ndikupanga zokolola zabwino za zaka 10-15, bola malowo asankhidwa bwino, dothi limakonzedwa bwino ndipo kubzala kumachitika molondola.
Kodzala
Malowa akhale opepuka kwambiri momwe mungathere, mthunzi wopepuka ndiwovomerezeka. Mabulosi akuda samalekerera mthunzi bwino: ndikusowa kwa kuwala, mphukira imatambasulidwa, masamba amagwa nthawi yake isanakwane, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso kumachepa.
Simuyenera kubzala mabulosi akuda pambuyo mabulosi mbewu ndi solanaceous. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi zitsamba za chimanga, manyowa obiriwira (mpiru, phacelia), malo obzala masamba (nkhaka, squash, squash, dzungu).
Zomera za Berry ziyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zozizira zakumpoto, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuziyika pamodzi ndi nyumba za famu, mipanda, mipanda.
Bulosi chitsamba chiyenera kuyikidwa mu malo owala bwino, mumtambo mphukira zimakulitsidwa, zipatsozo ndizochepa
Malo okhala ndi madzi apansi pansi sayenera mabulosi akuda. Ngakhale ichi ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, kudziwonera mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa kufooka: kuthana ndi nyengo komanso matenda amakula.
Bulosi chitsamba chimakonda kumera pamchenga wokakamira kapena nthaka yopanda kupindika pang'ono komanso acid. Pa acidity yayikulu imawonjezeredwa (500 g pa mamilimita2) Kuphatikizika kwa dongo kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndikuwonjezera mchenga (1 ndowa pa mita imodzi2), pamalo amchenga peat kapena humus akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa (1 ndowa pa mita2).
Izi ndizosangalatsa. M'masiku achikunja ku Russia, mabulosi akuda anali kulemekezedwa ngati mtengo wamatsenga. Unabzalidwa mozungulira malo ndi midzi yonse kuti itetezeke ku mizimu yoyipa.
Nthawi zokwanira bwino
Nthawi yodzala mabulosi akutchire ndi yophukira. Pakati ndi kumpoto, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu kasupe, nthawi isanayambe, kuti muchepetse vuto la kuzizira kwa mbande yozizira nyengo yachisanu. Kummwera, ndibwino kubzala mabulosi akutchire pakugwa, masabata 2-3 isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Zomera kuchokera mchidebe zingabzalidwe nyengo yonse: zibzalidwe ndi nyemba, pomwe mizu sinawonongeke, zomwe zimathandizira kuti ipulumuke msanga.
Kusankha mbande
Kupambana kwa kulima mtsogolo kumadalira mtundu wa mbande. Zomera zokha zolimba komanso zathanzi zomwe zimatsimikizika kuti zizika mizu m'mundawo ndikupirira nyengo yachisanu yoyamba. Kusankhidwa kwamitundu yambiri yosangalatsa komanso yopanga zipatso mabulosi chifukwa chakulitsa nyumba zam'chilimwe komanso minda yaz mafakitala imaperekedwa ku nazale ndi malo osungirako maluwa. Ogulitsa mwachisawawa ayenera kukana kugula kuchokera m'manja mwawo - palibe chitsimikizo kuti mmera ndiwabwinobwino ndipo ndizofanana ndizomwe zimafunikira.
Anamwino nthawi zambiri amapereka mbande muthukutira ku nazale - zimamera bwino ndikukula.
Pakutha kwa nyengo, kusankha mbande yokhala ndi mizu yatsopano kumakhala kwakukulu, kotero mbewu zomwe zimapezedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira zimakhazikitsidwa m'munda mpaka masika. Amakumba ngalande ndi mbali imodzi yopendekeka, ndikuikamo mbewu, ndikuwaza ndi lapansi. Chuma chimaponyedwa pamwamba kuti mbande zisawononge makoswe.
Zomera zosankhidwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala:
- Mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi mbeu ziwiri zosasintha. Mukamadulira pang'ono makungwa, pansi pake mutha kuwona nsalu yobiriwira.
- Makungwa ayenera kukhala osalala, opanda mawanga. Khungwa lomwe limakwinya ndi chizindikiro kuti mmera udafota kale ndipo suyenera kuzika mizu.
- Mizu yoyenera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino, imakhala ndi mizu iwiri yonyowa yoposa 10 cm.
Mbande ya Blackberry iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yoyambira, popanda kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda
- Nthawi zambiri mbande zimaperekedwa mumiphika. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kufunsa kuchotsa chomera kuchokera phukusi: dothi loumbika liyenera kukhalabe lokhazikika, osapunthwa ndikuzunguliridwa ndi mizu.
Musanabzale, muyenera kutsitsa mizu kwa maola awiri mu yankho ndi Kornevin kapena Heteroauxin, yomwe imalimbikitsa mapangidwe.
Kubweretsa Nuances
Shrub kapena ngalande nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Munjira ya tchire, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'maenje patali pafupifupi 1-1.3 m, ndikupanga tchire losiyana. Ndi ngalande, zitunda 1.5 m mulidula, ndikusiya mamita 2 pakati pa mizere.Kubzala masika, malowa amakonzedwa mu nthawi yophukira - m'dzinja - masabata awiri. Dziko lapansi limakumbidwa, kukoloweka, namsongole amachotsedwa. Chovala ndi humus (1.5 makilogalamu pa mamilimita2), superphosphate (100 g), potaziyamu sulfate (30 g) kapena phulusa (100 g).
Pansi pa chitsamba chopanda, kukumba dzenje lakuya ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Mukakulitsa mbewu zingapo za mabulosi akutchire, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolimira, yomwe imawunikiridwa bwino ndi dzuwa, podutsa mpweya wokwanira, ndikosavuta kuwasamalira. Kuzama kwa ngalandeyo ndi masentimita 45, m'lifupi ndi 50 cm. Mizere imayenera kukonzedwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Zothandizira zimayenera kuyikidwanso musanabzalire: pambuyo pake, mabulosi akutchire amakula mwachangu, mphukira zokulira zimakhala bwino pazomwe zimathandizira.
Ndondomeko zotsata:
- Nthaka yachonde imathiridwa mu dzenjelo.
- Pakati ikani mmera wokhala ndi mizu yofalikira.
Mizu ya mmera uyenera kuwongoledwa bwino, muzu wamaliriridwa ndi 2 cm
- Amadzaza ndi dothi, amaumbika kuti ma voids asakhale.
- Mphukira iyenera kukhala yakuya masentimita awiri.Ngati kuya kwake sikokwanira kwambiri, mmera ungachepetsedwa ndikuuma.
- Pangani malita 4 amadzi pansi pa chitsamba.
Mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa bwino, ndikuyambitsa malita 4 a madzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse
- Lolani chinyontho kuti chinyowe, kenako mulch dothi ndi udzu.
- Pakubzala kwa masika, mphukira imadulidwa ndi 20 cm, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa njira za ofananira nawo.
Chisamaliro cha Blackberry
Kuti mupeze zipatso zokoma zambiri, muyenera kuganizira zina mwaukadaulo waulimi.
Timachulukitsa chonde
Nthaka yodzaza, kwa zaka 2 zoyambirira, masanjidwe akuda amadyedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni (10 g wa urea pa 5 l). Kenako kasupe, ammonium nitrate (40 g pa 10 l) imayambitsidwa pansi pa chitsamba. Pa fruiting, manyowa ndi nitrophos (70 g pa 10 l). Mukugwa, amadyetsedwa ndi superphosphate (100 g), mchere wa potaziyamu (30 g).
Za kuthirira kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito yankho la zovuta za feteleza Agricola
Maluwa asanafike kapena kutulutsa maluwa, kuti muwonjezere zokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera tchire ndi yankho la boric acid (5 g pa 10 l).
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kumakhala ndi phindu pa chonde m'nthaka. Panthawi ya maluwa, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mabulosi akuda ndi yankho la phulusa (100 g pa 10 l). Mullein kuchepetsedwa 1:10, mbalame zitosi (1:20) zimayambitsidwa pansi pa chomera musanayambe maluwa ndi mutakolola.
Osamachita popanda kuthirira
Zosiyanasiyana zimapirira chilala, koma popanda kuthirira nthawi yake, simungadalire zokolola zambiri. Pakutentha kwambiri, mungu wa m'mimba umachulukanso ndipo zipatso sizimamangidwa. Kuthirira pa nthawi ya maluwa, nthawi yakucha zipatso ndikatuta ndikofunika kwambiri. Mabasi amathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata, kubweretsa malita 6 amadzi pansi pa lirilonse. Ndi mvula yotalikilapo, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa kuti musayutse zowola.
Ndikungothirira pafupipafupi mokha komwe mungapeze mbewu yabwino ya mabulosi ambiri
Kuteteza tchire, makamaka achichepere, ku kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, mutha kuwaphimba ndi ukonde wamtundu kapena agrofiber.
Potentha kwambiri, gululi sililola kuti dzuwa lithe kubzala zipatso
Pali mitundu ingapo yothirira. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira, momwe madzi kudzera ma dontho kuchokera kumatope okuthirira amaperekedwa mwachindunji ku mizu ya mbewu. Pogwiritsa ntchito payipi, amawaza, ndikunyowetsa osati nthaka, komanso masamba. Komabe, makina othirira samagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipatso. Mukathirira m'mathirira, madzi amawonjezerapo njinga zomwe zimapangidwa pamzerewo pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera pachitsamba pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe kapena ndowa. Isanayambike chisanu, kuthilira madzi ndikofunikira.
Masulani nthaka ndi mulch nthaka
Nyengo, dothi pansi pa tchire ndi kanjira liyenera kumasulidwa ndi udzu. Udzu udzu umachepetsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi zipatso, ndipo udzu wa tirigu nthawi zambiri umachepetsa moyo wa mabulosi.
Pakati pa mizere, kumasula kumachitika ndikuzama masentimita 12, pafupi ndi tchire - pamtunda wosazungulira 8 cm, kuti musawononge mizu. Njira yaulimi yotereyi imangoleketsa kusintha kusinthana kwa nthaka ndikuthana ndi namsongole, komanso kuwononga malo omwe tizirombo tili.
Pambuyo kuthirira ndi kumasula, nthaka yadzaza ndi udzu, utuchi. Kusakaniza kwa mulching kumalepheretsa kuvuluka kwa chinyontho, kumalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole. Pakutha kwa nyengo, nthaka pansi pa chitsamba imadzaza ndi humus - sichingoteteza mizu kuti isazizidwe, komanso ipatsanso mbewu.
Zida zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusewera mulch: humus, masamba chaka chatha, makungwa ophwanyika, udzu wosenda
Timapanga chitsamba
Tchire likadzala, zipatsozo zimacheperacheka, kukhwima pang'ono, mbewu zimadwala. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala, kupangika kwa chitsamba kumayamba: mphukira zimafupikitsidwa kuti mawonekedwe a nthambi mbali. Nthambi zanthete ndi zokhota zimadulidwa zikamakula. Pakumapeto kwa nyengo, mphukira zonse zimadulidwa. Kudulira kotere kumapangitsa kuti kusamavute kusasunthika, sikufuna kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kupewa tizirombo, chifukwa ambiri amadzaza mbedza. Ngati akufuna kupeza zokolola ziwiri chaka chamawa, mphukira zovomerezeka zokha ndizomwe zimachotsedwa, masamba pachaka amasiyidwa. Kumayambiriro koyambira, nthambi zouma ndi zosweka zimachotsedwa.
Nyengo ikamalizidwa, chitsamba chamtchire chimadulidwa, kudula masamba achisanu pamunsi.
Timagwiritsa ntchito trellis
Mukakulitsa mabulosi akuda, akatswiri olima maluwa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito trellises. Chovala chambiri cha tchire chimakupatsani mwayi woteteza gawo la mbewu kuti isakhudzane ndi nthaka, imawonetsa kuyipa kwa dzuwa ndi kuchapa kwa chitsamba, popanda kupanga mawonekedwe kuti bowa awonekere.
Tapestry ndizosavuta kuchita pawokha. Ikani zikwangwani zothandizirana ndi malo pakati pawo a 5 m ndikutambasula mizere iwiri ya 2-3 pamtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Mphukira zolimba za 3-4 zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi dothi zimamangirizidwa ndi trellis ya waya wam'munsi kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Kasupe wotsatira, timiyala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikidwa pansi kwanyengo timakwezedwa ndikumangirira waya wapamwamba. Mphukira zatsopano zobiriwira zimangirizidwa ndi gawo lam'munsi.
Ndikwabwino kulima mabulosi akutchire pamiyala: njira iyi chitsamba imawunikiridwa bwino, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyisamalira
Njira zolerera
Wofalitsa mabulosi akutchire Ruben, mbewu ndi kudula. Poyambirira, ingowombani mpikisanowo pansi pa chitsamba, mutathiramo feteleza dothi, ndikuwukonza ndi zisinde kapena mapesi ochokera kunthambi. Mukazika mizu, mizuyo imalekanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndi kubzala.
Njira yolereka simagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa zipatso izi zimachitika mchaka chachitatu. Mukafalikira ndi masamba obiriwira chapakati pa chilimwe, mphukira imadulidwa kukhala mainchesi 10 cm, yodzalidwa mumbale zazing'onoting'ono ndi dothi losakaniza ndi madzi, madzi, yokutidwa ndi filimu. Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kupukutidwa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zodulidwa mizu amazika kumalo okhazikika.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu, kudula kumabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika
Kuphika nyengo yachisanu
Pa kukonza mabulosi akutchire, nyengo isanayambe kuzizira, zomwe zimayambira zimasungunuka, nthaka ndiyowundana. Ngati akufuna kupeza zokolola ziwiri munyengo yotsatira ndikusiya mphukira zapachaka, ziyenera kuzilimbitsa mpaka chisanu. Kuti muchite izi, tambasulani waya motsatira mzere wautali wa 25cm, pindani mapesi a mabulosi akuda ndikuwongolera. Akumenyedwa ndi agrofibre kuchokera kumwamba, pansi pa vuto lalikulu adayika poyizoni kuchokera ku makoswe. Popewa kumera mphukira, kutentha kumachitika pa kutentha kotsika, sabata isanayambike chisanu.
Lisanayambe chisanu, tchire labulosi limakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Kanema: Kukula mabulosi akutchire
Kupewa matenda
Ruben osiyanasiyana pamlingo wamtunduwu ali ndi matenda ambiri abwinobwino. Pokhapokha nthawi yanyengo yachilimwe pamtunda wotsika, omwe akukumana ndi dziko lapansi kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kuzindikira zipatso zokhala ndi imvi zowola. Kuchiza matendawa kungathandize kuchiza 1% Bordeaux osakaniza asanafike maluwa ndi pambuyo.
Kuchepa kumathandizira kuti pakhale imvi zowola; matendawa amathanso kukhudzana ndi nthaka
M'dzinja louma, zitsamba zitha kugonjetsedwa ndi aphid madera. Tizilombo timayamwa timadziti tadzulu, ndikuwachotsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa. Nyererezi zimafalitsa nsabwe za m'masamba pamalopo, poyamba, chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitidwa motsutsana ndi tizilombo ndi Anteater, Cypermetrin. Nthambi zokutidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimadulidwa. Pukusani tchire musanayambe ndi kutulutsa maluwa ndi Actara (2 g pa 10 l), Actellic (2 ml pa 2 l).
Mphukira mabulosi akuda omwe akhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba odulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa
Kututa
Ruben ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zoyamba kupsa kumapeto kwa June, kachiwiri zipatso zikadzakolola mu Seputembara - Novembala. Zipatso zimasankhidwa ndi mapesi, kuti zisungidwe bwino zimadulidwa ndi lumo. Potentha firiji, mabulosi akuda amayenera kusungidwa osaposa masiku anayi.Moyo wa alumali ukhoza kupitilizidwa mpaka milungu itatu ngati zipatsozo zikaikidwa mufiriji.
Mabulosi akuda sangathe kumangomwedwa mwatsopano, komanso amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira kupanikizana, kupanga vinyo ndi zakumwa, ndikukongoletsa mchere. Uchi wonunkhira komanso zonunkhira umayamikiridwa kwambiri, ngakhale ndi wokwera mtengo komanso osowa. Mabulosi abulosi sikuti amakoma, komanso athanzi. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe a multivitamin mmenemo, imakhala ndi phindu pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mtima, matumbo
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zabwino kwambiri! ndiyenera kuyang'anira! Ndikufunanso kunena kuti kuwonjezera pa kukonza izi, ndikofunikira kuti muthe kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya madeti osiyana akuchulukitsa patsamba lanu. Mwachitsanzo, Thornfrey, Karak wakuda ndi Triple Crown! Kenako banja la ana anayi limatha kudya zipatso zatsopano (panjira, zothandiza kwambiri!) Ndikupanga kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana monga kupanikizana, kupanikizana, motero, kuwundana!
Marina//forumsadovodov.com.ua/viewtopic.php?p=6524
Ndipo chaka changa chachitatu ndikuthawa ndi Ruben. Chaka chino ndayesa zipatso kwa nthawi yoyamba (zokolola kumapeto kwa chaka chatha), ndimakonda kukoma. Mphukira za chaka chino sizidaphuke. Chaka chatha, tinaphukira mu Okutobala, kunalibe ovary.
Wochenjera//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2683
Pa Ruben tinapeza zipatso zoyambirira. M'mbuyomu, kunalibe mabulosi akuda kwambiri koyambirira. Mwina nkhaniyi ili mu zaka zamtchire ndi nyengo yophukira.
Yakimov//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2683
Ruben Blackberry ikukulira malo dimba. Kupatula apo, izi zitsamba zamtchire ndizodziyang'anira, osadwala, ndipo koposa zonse - zimapereka zokolola zochulukirapo kawiri pamwaka. Maluwa okoma akuda sangalandidwe ndi ana okha, komanso ndi achikulire chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka vitamini.
