Momwe mungapangire jenereta ya mphepo ndi manja anu

Zaka zaposachedwapa, mphamvu yowonjezera yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Ena amaoneratu kuti mphamvu zoterozo posachedwapa zidzachotsa m'malo mwa malasha, gasi, magetsi a nyukiliya. Imodzi mwa malo a mphamvu zobiriwira ndi mphamvu ya mphepo. Ojekera omwe amasintha mphamvu ya mphepo kukhala magetsi, si mafakitale okha, monga mafamu a mphepo, komanso ang'onoang'ono, akutumikira kulimale.

Mutha kupanga ngakhale jenereta ya mphepo ndi manja anu - nkhaniyi yaperekedwa kwa iyo.

Jenereta ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, jenereta ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapanga mtundu wina wa mankhwala kapena kutembenuza mtundu wina wa mphamvu kukhala wina. Izi zikhoza kukhala, monga jenereta ya nthunzi (imapanga nthunzi), jenereta ya oksijeni, jenereta yowonjezera (magwero a magetsi a magetsi). Koma mkati mwa maziko a mutu uwu timakhala ndi chidwi ndi jenereta zamagetsi. Dzina limeneli limatanthawuza zipangizo zomwe zimasintha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu zopanda magetsi ku magetsi.

Mitundu ya jenereta

Jenereta za magetsi zimasankhidwa monga:

• magetsi - amasintha ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi;
• thermoelectric - kutembenuzira mphamvu ya kutentha kukhala magetsi;
• chithunzi cha zithunzi (maselo a photovoltaic, mapulaneti a dzuwa) - kutembenuzira kuwala kukhala magetsi;
• magnetohydrodynamic (Majeremusi a MHD) - magetsi amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu ya plasma yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu magnetic field;
• mankhwala - kutembenuzira mphamvu ya magetsi pamagetsi.

Komanso, magetsi oyimira magetsi amagawidwa ndi mtundu wa injini. Pali mitundu yotsatirayi:

• jenereta zothamanga zimayendetsedwa ndi mphepo yotentha;
• hydrogenerators amagwiritsa ntchito makina a hydraulic monga injini;
• jenereta za dizilo kapena jenereta za mafuta zimapangidwa motengera ma injini ya dizilo kapena mafuta;
• magetsi oyendetsa mpweya amatembenuzira mphamvu ya mpweya m'magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo ya mphepo.

Mitambo ya mphepo

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mphepo za mphepo (zimatchedwanso mphepo za mphepo). Mphepo yosavuta kwambiri ya mphepo yamkuntho kawirikawiri imakhala ndi mbola, monga lamulo, imalimbikitsidwa ndi zolemba, zomwe mphepo yamkuntho imayikidwa.

Mphepo yamkunthoyi imayendetsedwa ndi phokoso loyendetsa galimoto ya jenereta ya magetsi. Chipangizocho, kuwonjezera pa jenereta yamagetsi, imaphatikizansopo batiri ndi woyang'anira wothandizira komanso wothandizira zogwirizana ndi maunyolo.

Mukudziwa? Pofika chaka cha 2016, mphamvu zonse zomwe zimapanga mphepo padziko lapansi zinali 432 GW. Motero, mphamvu ya mphepo yoposa mphamvu ya nyukiliya mu mphamvu.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ndi yophweka. Pansi pa mphepo, mphutsi imayenda, imatsegula mpweya wotentha, jenereta ya magetsi imapanga mpweya watsopano, womwe umasinthidwa ndi woyang'anira wotsogolera kuti atsogolere pakalipano. Mawotchiwa akulipira betri. Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe imabwera kuchokera ku batri imatembenuzidwa ndi inverter kuti ikhale yosinthika pakali pano, magawo omwe ali ofanana ndi magawo a gridi yamagetsi.

Zida zamakono zimakonzedwa pa nsanja. Iwo ali ndi zida zowonongeka, anemometer (chipangizo choyesa kuyendetsa mphepo ndi kutsogolera), kachipangizo kogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kayendetsedwe ka tsamba, kayendedwe ka braking, makina amphamvu omwe ali ndi maulendo olamulira, mawotchi oteteza moto ndi kutsegula mphezi, njira yotumizira deta pazowunikira, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya jenereta ya mphepo

Malo ozungulira a zowonongeka ndi makina a mphepo a padziko lapansi amagawidwa kukhala ofanana ndi osakanikirana. Chinthu chosavuta chowonekera ndi Savonius rotor mount..

Ili ndi masamba awiri kapena angapo, omwe ali ndi masentimita osakaniza (makina omwe amadulidwa ndi theka). Savonius rotor Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito makonzedwe awa: symmetrically fixed, kuika m'mphepete mwa wina ndi mzake, ndi mbiri yaumulungu.

Ubwino wa rooni wotchedwa Savonius ndi wophweka komanso wodalirika wa kapangidwe kake, komanso kuchitidwa kwake sikudalira mphepo, kutaya kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri (osapitirira 15%).

Mukudziwa? Mitambo ya mphepo inkaonekera pafupifupi 200 BC. er ku Persia (Iran). Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ufa wa tirigu. Ku Ulaya, mphero zoterezi zinangokhalapo m'zaka za m'ma 1200.

Chinthu china chowoneka ndi Darier rotor. Mapiko ake ndi mapiko omwe ali ndi maonekedwe a zamoyo. Iwo akhoza kuponyedwa, mofanana ndi H, mozungulira. Mabalawo angakhale awiri kapena kuposa. Rotora Daria Ubwino wa jenereta wa mphepo ndi awa:

• ntchito yake yabwino,
• phokoso lochepetsedwa kuntchito,
• zosavuta kupanga.

Zowonongeka zatsimikiziridwa:

• cholemera chachikulu cha mast (chifukwa cha Magnus effect);
• kusowa kwa masamu a chitsanzo cha ntchito ya rotor iyi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusintha kwake;
• Kuvala mofulumira chifukwa cha katundu wa centrifugal.

Mtundu wina wowika wokhoma ndi woyendetsa helicoid.. Zili ndi zipangizo zomwe zimapotoka pambali yopangira zitsulo. Helicoid rotor Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zolimba komanso zowonjezereka. Zopweteka ndizovuta mtengo chifukwa cha zovuta kupanga.

Mtundu wambiri wa windmill ndi mapangidwe awiri okhala ndi zowoneka - kunja ndi mkati. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumapereka mphamvu yabwino, koma ili ndi mtengo wapatali.

Mitundu yowongoka imasiyanasiyana:

• chiwerengero cha masamba (limodzi-limodzi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu);
• zomwe zimapangidwa ndi masamba (zolimba kapena zovuta kuyenda);
• chokhacho chosinthika kapena chosakhazikika.

Mwachikhalidwe, zonsezi n'zofanana. Kawirikawiri, makina opanga mphepo oterewa amadziwika bwino kwambiri, koma amafunika kusintha nthawi zonse kuti azitha kuwongolera mphepo, yomwe imathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mchira-nyengo yomwe imapangidwira kapangidwe kake kamene imayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osinthasintha.

Getsi jenereta ya DIY

Kusankha kwa zowonetsera mphepo pa msika ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, komanso zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Koma kupatula kosavuta kungapangidwe mosasamala.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za m'mene mungamangire dziwe losambira, kusamba, cellar ndi veranda, komanso momwe mungapangire brazier, pergola, gazebo, mtsinje wouma, mathithi ndi njira ya konkire ndi manja anu.

Fufuzani zipangizo zoyenera

Monga jenereta, zimalimbikitsa kutenga maginito osatha a magawo atatu, mwachitsanzo, thirakitala. Koma mungathe kupanga magetsi, monga momwe tidzakambidwira mwatsatanetsatane. Funso la kusankha masamba ndilofunika. Ngati mphepo yamkuntho imakhala yowoneka, zosiyana za rooni yotchedwa Savonius zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Galakita jenereta Kuti apangidwe masamba, chidebe chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwakale, ndi koyenera. Koma, monga tanenera pamwambapa, mphepo za mphepo zoterezi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo sizikawoneka kuti zingatheke kupanga mapangidwe a mawonekedwe ovuta a mphepo yowona. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zowonongeka zimagwiritsira ntchito masamba anayi osakanikirana.

Mipikisano ya mphepo yamtundu wosakanikirana, yomanga imodzi ndi yabwino kwambiri yopanga mphamvu zowonongeka, komabe, chifukwa cha zosavuta zake zonse, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga makina oyenera pamanja, ndipo popanda, mphepo ya mphepo idzalephera.

Ndikofunikira! Musagwirizane ndi masamba ambiri, chifukwa pamene agwira ntchito akhoza kupanga chomwe chimatchedwa "kapu ya mpweya", chifukwa cha mlengalenga mphepo ikupita kuzungulira mphepo, osati kudutsamo. Zida zopangidwa ndipadera za mtundu wopingasa, mapiko atatu a phiko la mapiko amaonedwa kuti ndi opambana.

• Muzitsulo zopanda mpweya mungagwiritse ntchito mitundu iwiri ya masamba: kuyenda ndi mapiko. Ulendowu uli wophweka, ndizitali zamtunda zomwe zimawoneka ngati mapepala a mphepo. Zovuta za zinthu zoterezi ndizochepa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, masamba ambiri odalirika. Kunyumba, kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi mpope 160 mm PVC molingana ndi chitsanzo.

Aluminiyamu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma idzakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala a PVC amapanga mapendekedwe, omwe amapereka zina zowonjezereka. Mapulogalamu a PVC chitoliro Kutalika kwa masamba kumasankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo yotsatirayi: mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi yaitali kwambiri; pamene pali zambiri, ndizofupikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mphepo ya mphepo ya mphepo itatu pa 10 W kutalika kwake ndi 1.6 mamita, chifukwa cha mphepo ya mphepo yaing'ono - 1.4 mamita.

Ngati mphamvuyi ndi 20 W, chizindikirocho chidzasintha kufika pa 2.3 mamita atatu ndi 2 mamita awiri.

Zigawo zazikulu za kupanga

Pansipa pali chitsanzo cha kudzipangira yekha malo osakanikirana ndi osinthika ndi kusintha kwa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi kuchokera ku makina otsuka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito injini

Imodzi mwa nthawi yofunikira yopanga jenereta ya mphepo ndi manja anu ndikutembenuka kwa magetsi magetsi ku jenereta yamagetsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha, magalimoto oyendera magetsi ochokera ku makina akale ochapa opangidwa ndi Soviet amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

1. Chotsitsacho chimachotsedwa ku injini ndipo kuphulika kwakukulu kumapyoledwa.
2. Kuzungulira kutalika kwake kwa magetsi, maginito a neodymium (mawonekedwe a 19x10x1 mm) amagwiritsidwa mwa awiri awiri, maginito amodzi pamphepete mwa mphukira moyang'anizana wina ndi mzake, popanda kuwerengera polarity yawo. Konzani maginito opangidwa akhoza kukhala epoxy.
3. Yogalimoto ikupita.
4. Zowonjezera 5 V ndi 1 A mafoni a m'manja amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa chipangizo chomwe chimasinthira zamakono kuti ziwongolere pakalipano (simungagwiritse ntchito chipangizo pa chipangizo, chokhachokha).
5. Mphamvuyi imasokonezeka.
6. Sold USB ndi pulagi.
7. Mapuritsi a magetsi atatu omwe akukonzekera akugwiritsidwa ntchito mndandanda ndikusonkhanitsidwa monga msonkhano umodzi.
8. Chotsatira cha msonkhano wa msonkhano wa msonkhano wa 220 V chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi jenereta, zotsatira zake zimagwirizana ndi woyendetsa galimotoyo.

Video: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito injini kwa jenereta ya mphepo Kuti muwonjezere zamakono, mungagwiritse ntchito misonkhano yambiri yogwirizana.

Mwini aliyense wa pakhomo kapena pakhomo lakumidzi kudzakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungapangire mbiya, mapangidwe a nkhuni, momwe mungatentherere matabwa, momwe mungapangire cholowa cha pallets, chikhomodzinso, kumanga chipinda chapansi pa galasi, tandoor, malo okonzera moto ndi uvuni wa Dutch .

Kulenga kanyumba ndi masamba

Gawo lotsatira pakupanga windmill ndi msonkhano wa maziko omwe mpweya wa jenereta umakwera.

1. Pansi pake pamakhala mapepala a zitsulo monga mawonekedwe a mapangidwe, omwe mapeto ake amakhala ozungulira, otetezedwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka, winayo ndi wosakwatira kuti akonze mchira wa chipangizocho.
2. Pamapeto pake, mabowo anayikamo 4 okwera jenereta.
3. Kuwongolera kumapangidwira mbali pa maziko a zonyamula.
4. Ntchentche ndi mabowo okwera akuphatikizidwa pamtengowo.
5. Mchirawo wapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa.
6. Zopangidwe zimatsukidwa ndi zojambula.
7. Mchira uli wobiriwira.
8. Chophimba chotsekemera chimapangidwa ndi kujambula kuchokera ku pepala lochepa kwambiri.
9. Pambuyo poyanika zinthu zopangidwa ndi pepala, jenereta ya magetsi imayikidwa pamunsi, kumangirira ndi mchira.
10. Mabalawo akukwera pamtunda wotsika kuchokera ku malo ozizira a injini ya thirakitala.
11. Zingwe zimapangidwira pamapeni (pambali iyi, masamba a zitsulo).

Ndikofunikira! Kutalika kwa mtengo wa jenereta wa mphepo kuyenera kukhala mamita 6. Makhalidwewa ali pansi pa izo.

Monga mukuonera, kusonkhanitsa mphepo ya mphepo ndi manja anu sikumveka. Izi zimafuna luso linalake komanso nzeru zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Koma kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chotere, ntchitoyi ndi yokhoza. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mphepo ya mphepo yokhayokha idzakhala yotchipa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugula zinthu.