Mbuzi inakhazikitsidwa pa yards yathu yachuma kwa nthawi yaitali.
Nyama zimenezi ndi zamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mkaka wawo, chifukwa sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wogula ndi kusunga ng'ombe, koma mbuzi imakhala yocheperapo ndipo safuna malo ambiri.
Koma, ngati ng'ombe, mbuzi zimabwera mosiyana: mkaka, nyama, ubweya ndi zosakaniza.
Bwinobwino musanagule chinyama kuti mudziwe cholinga chomwe mukukula.
Zaanen mtundu
Dziko lakwawo ndi Switzerland, lomwe ndi chigwa cha Zaanen, kumene nyama izi zikugwedezeka mpaka lero.
Zithunzi za Zaanen zimaganiziridwa zabwino pakati pa mitundu yonse ya mkaka ndipo sagwirizanitsa zokolola zokha, komanso thanzi labwino ndi moyo wautali.
Mbuzi za Zaaneysky ndizo nyama zazikuluzikulu zamtundu uwu. Mkulu mbuzi ikhoza kulemera makilogalamu 40 mpaka 60, ndi mbuzi - makilogalamu 75-80. Nthenda ya mbuziyi imapangidwira, miyendo ndi yaitali, ndipo chifuwa ndi chowopsa.
Mutu ndi wausinkhu wautali, mphuno imakhala ikupita patsogolo, makutu ali a kutalika kwake, khosi lakhala likuchepa, pakhoza kukhala "ndolo". Chovalacho chiri choyera kapena zonunkhira, koma mwachidule.
Udzu wa mbuzi wa mbuzi kapena wooneka ngati peyala. Anthu ena ali ndi nyanga ndipo ena akusowa. Mbuzi zonse zoyera za mtundu uwu zili ndi nyanga, koma panthawi yobereketsa nyama zina zinayamba kubadwa ndi mbuzi.
Kukonzekera zaaneyskogo mbuzi ndi osachepera 6 kg pa tsiku. Mkaka wa nyama izi ndi wokoma kwambiri komanso wathanzi, ndipo makamaka - popanda fungo losasangalatsa.
Mbuzi zina zimatha kupatsa mkaka ndi kukoma kokoma, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mkaka wochokera ku zaanenka uli ndi kukoma kokoma, kosangalatsa, ndiko kuwala.
Mbuzi imabereka zaaneiskoy mtundu mwamsanga. Zinyama za zaka chimodzi zatha zitha kutha, ndipo ngati mbuzi ikudyetsedwa bwino, ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi miyezi khumi.
Kusunga mbuzi izi mukusowa mofanana ndi zinyama zina. Chipinda chimene nyama zimakhala usiku chiyenera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso chilimwe. Nkhumba zimayenera kudyetsedwa bwino ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuika msipu pamalo abwino. Ndiye nyama sizidzadwala ndipo nthawi zonse zimapatsa mkaka wochuluka kwambiri.
Nubian mtundu
Dzina lachiwiri la mtundu uwu ndi mbuzi ya Anglo-Nubian, chifukwa panthawi ina obereketsa ochokera ku England anasintha pang'ono nyama izi za ku Africa, ndipo ndizo mbuzi zomwe zasinthidwa lero.
Malangizo Nubian mbuzi - nyama ndi mkaka. Zili zazikulu ngati za Zaane. Nkhumba ikhoza kupeza 54 - 56 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa moyo, ndi mbuzi - 67-70 kg.
Nkhono zazikulu za mbuzi za mbuzi za mbuzi ndizokhalitsa ndi miyendo yawo. Thupi la nyama izi ndi lochepa komanso lalitali. Udzu waukulu, nkhono. Khosi liri lalitali, lochepa.
Mbuzi ya Nubian ikhoza kubadwa monga komolyami, ndipo ili ndi nyanga, koma ndi kukhalapo kwake kuli kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutalika: mbuzi ya lipenga ndi yaing'ono kapena yayitali yaitali, ndipo mbuzi ndi yaitali.
Miyendo ya mbuzi imeneyi ndi yammpback, makutu awo amakhala pansi. Thupi liri ndi tsitsi lalifupi lofiira la mitundu yosiyana (lakuda, lofiirira, loyera, lodziwika). Nyengo khalani nawo khalani chete, iwo ndi okondweretsa kwambiri pazomwe akuyenda, amakonda chikondi komanso chidwi.
Mbuzi yamchere ya Nubian amapereka mafuta abwino kwambiri (mafuta oposa 5%), ali ndi kukoma kokoma.
Kawirikawiri, mkaka wa mbuzi za Nubian ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a mkaka wa mayi. Mkaka ulibe ngakhale fungo losasangalatsa. Mbuzi yomwe inabereka 2 kapena kuposa, pamtundu uliwonse, imapatsa maola 6 a mkaka patsiku.
Mitundu ya mbuzi ya Nubiyani imafuna chakudya chabwino chomwe chipatso chiyenera kukhalapo. Dyetsani zinyama zikufunika nthawi yomweyo. Nkofunikanso kupereka mbuzi ndi madzi ambiri.
Mitundu ya alpine
Mbuzi iyi ili kunyumba ku Switzerland. Poyamba, nyamazi zinkadyetsedwa m'mapiri a Alps, motero dzina la mtunduwo.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa mbuzi wa Alpine ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri - ndi woyera, wakuda, ndi wofiira, ndi wofiira. Koma zinyama zonse zimakhala ndi mtundu wa mtundu - mfuti, makutu, mimba pansi ndi miyendo ndizojambula mu mdima wofiira ku mawondo, ndipo thupi lonse liri lofiira.
Mbuzi zamphongo krupnovaty, koma, ngakhale kukula, kosangalatsa kwambiri. Thupi liri lamphamvu, mutu ndi wawung'ono, kuwala, kutambasula m'litali.
Nyangazi ndizowona, koma nthawizina mbuzi zimabadwa ndi congenital cone. Makutu ali apakati, amamanga. Khosi lafupikitsidwa, sternum ndi yaikulu komanso yakuya. Kumbuyo kumapanga mzere wolunjika. M'dera la sacrum, thupi limagwera pansi, ndipo sacrum ndi yaifupi komanso yopapatiza.
Miyendo ndi yaying'ono komanso yopepuka. Zophimbazo zimaphimbidwa ndi cornea yamphamvu kwambiri, koma zofewa zofewa ndi zotsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Tsitsi ndi lalifupi, koma m'chiuno ndi kumbuyo kumakula kuposa thupi lonse.
Mbuzi yaikulu imalemera, pafupifupi 60 - 63 makilogalamu, ndi mbuzi - 76 - 79 makilogalamu. Mbuzi ikhoza kubala ana oposa awiri panthawi imodzi. Mkaka ndi waukulu, chifukwa mbuzi imodzi imapereka mkaka wa 750 - 900 makilogalamu.
Zinyama zina zimatha kupanga 1200 - 1600 makilogalamu a mkaka. Nthawi yamatayi ndi pafupifupi masiku 280 - 350 (miyezi 9 mpaka 12).
Zakudya zamchere zamkati zimakhala pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.5%. Mkaka wokha ndi wokoma ndi wosakhwima mu kulawa, umagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri tchizi. Zizindikiro za kukolola kwa nyama ndizowonjezereka.
Makhalidwe a mbuzi amenewa ndi ofewa kwambiri, amayankha bwino kuti azisamalira bwino. Koma zinyama izi ndizo zopanikizika, ndipo ngati zili zokhudzana ndi zinyama zimasonyeza zogwirizana ndi zamoyo zonse. Nthawi zina amatsitsa nyama zina kuchokera kwa odyetsa, koma amadya zokwanira.
Iwo ndi odzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za kundende ndi kudyetsa, mwamsanga amadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano ya moyo, ali olimba kwambiri ndi olimba mtima. Angasungidwe m'gulu.
Mitundu ya Angora
Mbalame imeneyi ya mbuzi inakhazikitsidwa ku Turkey, ndipo idatchulidwa ndi likulu la Ankara, Angora.
Suti wamkulu wa mbuzi za Angora ndi zoyera, koma pakhala pali milandu yomwe ubweya wa imvi ndi wakuda kapena siliva. Mtundu uwu ndi wamba, ndiko kuti umapatsa nyama, mkaka, ndi ubweya.
Thupi la mbuzi ya Angora ndi lalifupi, ndipo chinyama ichocho chiri chomasuka. Mutu ndi waung'ono, mmphepete mwa mphuno pali chingwe. Nyanga za mbuzi ndizochepa, zoonda, zimaweramitsa. Pa mbuzi yemweyo, nyanga zikuluzikulu, zamphamvu kwambiri, zimawoneka mozungulira. Khosi ndi loonda komanso lalifupi. Nyama zonsezi ziri ndi ndevu.
Maso ndi aakulu, ataliatali, amatsika pansi. Sternum ya voliyumu yaing'ono, yazing'ono. Mzere wa kumbuyo ndi wowongoka, koma umakhala mmalo mwa sacrum.
Mafupa ndi ang'onoang'ono, koma amphamvu, okhala ndi ziboda zolimba, nthawi zambiri amaikidwa bwino.
Khungu ndi lochepa. Thupi lonse limadzazidwa ndi chovala chofiira, chochepa, koma choda. Ikhoza kukhala yozungulira (mohair) kapena wavy.
Dzuwa limakhala lowala kwambiri. Amtundu umodzi wamtundu umodzi ndi 20-35 cm. Ubweya wa mbuzi za Angora ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsira ntchito, ndi zotsekemera ndi zowonongeka, yunifolomu ndi yazing'ono.
Polemera, mbuzi sizipeza zambiri - 30-50 makilogalamu. Koma mbuzi akhoza "kudya" kulemera kwa makilogalamu 85. Mbuzi zamphongo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. (100 - 140%).
Kwa hafu ya chaka cha lactation, mbuzi imodzi imapereka mkaka wa 70 mpaka 90 makilogalamu. Nyama zokolola zabwino - 40-45%. Nyama ndi mafuta, koma yowutsa mudyo, imamva bwino. Kuchokera ku chinyama chimodzi mungapeze makilogalamu 4-6 a ubweya, zomwe zimatuluka ndi 65 - 70%. Wokhala Mohair analandira ntchito zambiri - kuchokera ku nsalu mpaka magolovesi ndi masokosi.
Mbuzi za angora ndizodzichepetsa powasamalira komanso kudyetsa. Iwo saopa kutentha kapena kuzizira kulikonse. Nyama zimenezi zimakhala pafupifupi chaka chonse kudyetsa.
Ngati mutachedwa kumeta tsitsi, nyamayo idzayamba kutha, yomwe imataya ubweya wambiri wamtengo wapatali.
Mbuzi izi ziyenera kutetezedwa momwe zingathere kuchokera ku kusintha kwakukulu kwa malo akunja, makamaka kuchokera ku ma drafts.
Nthawi zina pangakhale kusakanikirana kwa awn (1-3%) mu mohair, kumene khalidwe la mohair madontho.
Ngati nyama ikukhala nyengo yosintha, koma khalidwe lawo lachonde ndi ubweya limachepa. Mbuzi za Angora zakhala zikusauka msinkhu wa amayi.
Komanso chidwi chowerenga za kumangidwa kwa nkhokwe yambuzi
Kubereka mowa
Mbuzi yamphongo imachokera ku South Africa. Anapezedwa mwa kudutsa mitundu ya ku Ulaya ndi ku India ndi zinyama zakutchire. Mtundu uwu ndi umodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'munda wotsogolera nyama.
Nyama zimabadwira makamaka ndi mutu woyera ndi wofiirira, koma palinso kusiyana pakati pa mawanga, mchira ndi thupi.
Nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi mbuzi zamphongo zakuda ndi zakuda.
Nyama ndizowonongeka, zofiira zazikulu. Mutu ndi waukulu, mphuno imatuluka patsogolo, mbiriyo ndi yokhota. Nyangazo zimakhala zosakanikirana m'litali, zazikulu kwambiri, zosiyana kwambiri. Makutu amakhala aakulu, kukula kwakukulu, kugwedezeka.
Khosi ndi lalikulu, lophatikizidwa, mapewa aakulu. Chifuwacho ndi chowopsa, chakuya, chabwino kwambiri. Kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu ndi yaitali, kupanga mzere wolunjika. Udzu uli ndi zinayi, osati ziwiri, zopera. Nsabwe zolimba, zamphamvu, zamphamvu. Chovalacho ndi chachifupi. Minofu ya minofu ndi yaikulu.
Ali wamkulu, mbuzi ikhoza kulemera 80 - 90 kg, ndi mbuzi - 90-110 makilogalamu.
Chiberekero ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, kwa zaka 2 mbuzi ikhoza kubereka katatu. Nthawi yoyamba mbuzi imabereka mbuzi imodzi, ndiyeno awiri.
Pamaphera nyama imodzi, 54 - 57 kg ya nyama ikhoza kupezeka. Mkaka uli woipa, mkaka wonse umadyedwa ndi ana (2 - 3 makilogalamu). Nyama ndipamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa cha minofu yambiri imatengedwa ngati zakudya zamagetsi. Komanso, ndi yofatsa, ndipo fungo limakumbutsa mthunzi. Mu maphunzirowo muli zikopa ndi ubweya wa kubowola.
Sungani mbuzi za mbuyeyo zikhoza kukhala muzinthu zabwino. Kudyetsa mtundu uwu sikungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Sizofunikira nyengo ya nyengo ndi kutentha, iwo ali kwambiri mwamsanga muzolowere nyengo yovuta kwambiri.
Nyama iyi idzakhala yokwanira kudyetsa ngakhale msipu wosauka womwe sungathe kudyetsa ng'ombe. Matenda pafupifupi samakhudza Boers, mbuzi ndi olimba kwambiri. Chibadwa cha amayi mwazimayi bwino. Zimakhala zosavuta kuti zitha kuyanjana ndi anthu, zimasokonezeka komanso zimakhazikika.
Mitundu ya Alta-Altai
Mtundu uwu unabzalidwa ku Altai kuyambira 1944 pamene Donsky ndi Angora mbuzi zamphongo ndi mbuzi zam'deralo zinamera.
Mbali yaikulu ya mbuzi za mtundu umenewu ndi wakuda, koma nthawi zina palinso nyama zofiira. Nyama zokha zimakhala zazikulu, koma zimamangidwa bwino, lamuloli ndi lolimba.
Malamulo ndi ofanana. Mphuno yammbuyo imakula kwambiri, yopepuka. Miyendo yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu, yokonzedwa molondola, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Nsombazo ndi mdima, zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zamphamvu. Minofu yambiri.
Ubweya wa mbuziwu umakhala ndi imvi pansi (75%) ndi ulusi wakuda (25%). Kutsika ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri, lofewa ndi silky kukhudza, zotanuka, zotalika, motalika.
Mbuzi zazikulu zimachepera 50 kg, pomwe mbuzi zimachepera 75 kg. Mbuzi, nthawi zambiri, imabereka mbuzi imodzi, pazimayi 100 - ana a 110 mpaka 150. Mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri.
Pa lactation, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mkaka wa makilogalamu 90 mpaka 110, patsiku lokolola ndi 500 - 550 magalamu. Nyama ndipamwamba kwambiri, chokoma ndi zonunkhira. Nyama zokolola ndi 45 - 55%. Ngati mutenga nyama zomwe mulibe mafupa kapena zamoyo, ndiye zotsatira zake zidzakhala 75%.
Kuchokera ku ngongole yaing'ono, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa 300-400 magalamu a pansi, koma kuchokera ku mbuzi zamphongo ndi mbuzi, 500-700 ndi 700-1000 magalamu, motero. Kutsika kwa mbuzi iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale pansi. Ngozi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mbuzi zamapiri a Altai zimatchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kudyetsa, komanso ku zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa. Mphesa m'mabusa awo chaka chonsendipo ngakhale ku steppe, kumene kuli zomera zochepa, zomwe zimapezeka m'mapiri a Altai.
Mbuzi zamapiri a Altai zimapangidwa bwino, zolimba kwambiri, zodziwika chifukwa cha thanzi lawo labwino.
Ndicho chifukwa chake amayamba kuzoloŵera ngakhale nyengo yosasinthasintha komanso yovuta komanso yachilengedwe.
Chinthu chokha chomwe chingasokoneze nyamazi ndi nyanga zoipa, zomwe zingadutse kapena zopanda pake.
Zimapindulitsa kwambiri kusunga mbuzi pa famu - apa mudzapeza mkaka, nyama, ndi ubweya. Choncho, ngati mugula chinyama ichi, ndiye kuti simungadandaule ndi chisankho chanu.
