Zochita zothandizira ndi katundu sage ochiritsa akale ankayamikira. Sage anayamba kugonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Madokotala akale achigiriki ndi achiroma ankagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso ntchito zawo zochizira matenda ambiri ndipo anali oyamba kufotokoza chomera ichi m'maganizo awo.
Mukudziwa? Aroma akale ankaganiza kuti nzeru ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera mavuto. Amuna omwe sankatha kutenga pakati adagawanika masiku asanu. Pa nthawi yolekanitsa, amayenera kumwa zakumwa zam'madzi nthawi zonse. M'mabanja ambiri, pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala cha kusabereka, ana amphamvu anawonekera.
Ochiritsa akale amatchedwa sage "udzu woyera", umene suli kutali ndi choonadi, chifukwa chakuti chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Salvia officinalis: kufotokoza kwa mbewu
Mankhwala a mankhwala (dzina lachiwiri, losazolowereka - salvia) - ndi chomera chokhalira cha banja la yasnotkovyh.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu yoposa 700 yosiyana siyana padziko lapansi.
Sage amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 75. Chikhalidwecho chili ndi tsinde lamtundu wambiri, lomwe lili ndi mizu yoonda kwambiri yomwe ili m'munsi. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi tetrahedral yambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ambirimbiri, yomwe imayambira m'madera a mizu. Pa nthambi za msuzi zimapangidwa mosiyana ndi masamba onse ofiira oyera, masamba obiridwa pambali, okhala ndi mawonekedwe oblong-ovate. Pakati pa maluwa, tchire timaphimbidwa ndi zosavuta, zobiriwira, zofiirira kapena maluwa oyera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mahule omwe amapanga mapepala kumapeto kwa nthambi za mapulaneti.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zam'mudzi ndi Italy, choncho zomera mu dziko lathu zakutchire sizipezeka.
Tchire timayamba kuphuka mu chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Nthaŵi yofalikira ya ubwana imayamba mu May ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa July. Chomeracho chimalekerera chilala mwangwiro, koma ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono mu kutentha kungayambitse kukazizira.
Mmene mungamerekerere mdziko muno: Kusankha malo m'munda
Kupambana kwa kubzala sage pamalo otseguka kumadalira kusankha bwino kwa malo. Sage ndi chomera chakumwera, chomwe chimatanthauza kuti chidzasungulumwa m'malo okhazikika. Salvia idzakula bwino pa dothi la mchenga komanso lopanda miyala, koma dothi lolemera ladothi sililibwino.
Ndikofunikira! Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yosatha yaumphawi ndi yodzichepetsa, chofunikira chokha chimene amaika pa alimi akumera ndi kuwapatsa nthaka yabwino.
Sage idzala bwino pamalo okha omwe mizu yake sidzakhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso kusowa kwa mpweya. Kupuma kwabwino kwa mizu - chinsinsi cholima bwino chomera ichi.
Zofunikira za Kuwala kwa Sage
Ngati kubzala mchere kumapezeka mumthunzi, ndiye kuti kusowa kwa ultraviolet sikudzapha mbewu, koma simungathe kupindula maluwa okomawo pakadali pano. Popeza kuti dzuwa la Italy limatengedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira, chimera chiyenera kupereka kuwala kokwanira kuti chikhale chitukuko chonse. Chikhalidwe ndi thermophilic, choncho chiwongolero cha chitukuko chake chimadalira mwachindunji ngati mungapereke kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi kuwala.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthata imakula m'miphika, perekani chikhalidwe ndi mtendere wochuluka, ngati ngakhale kukonzanso pang'ono kwazomerazo kumayambitsa chomera chachikulu, chomwe chidzakhudza kukula kwake ndi maluwa.
Pamene mukukula mankhwala am'munda, sankhani kubzala bwino.
Ndi nthaka yanji yomwe imakonda chithandizo cha mankhwala
Kubzala ndi kusamalidwa kwa alangizi ayenera kutengedwa mosamalitsa. Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino pa dothi la mchenga. Komabe, ngati malo anu akuyendetsedwa ndi nthaka ya dothi, ndiye kuti m'dzinja akuyambitsa bedi kuti awonjeze aeration yake, ili ndi mchenga wa mtsinje, humus ndi mosakanizidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito humus, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kusamala, popeza kuwonetsetsa kwake kwakukulu kumakhudzanso chitukuko cha tchire. Kumbukirani kuti m'madera omwe ali ndi chonde chowonjezeka, kuwonjezeka kwa mbeu za salvia, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa zomera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ndi ubwino wa maluwa amenewa ndi otsika kwambiri.
Zonse zokhudza kubzala mankhwala
Sayansi yamakono ya kukula mzeru ndi yosavuta. Koma kuti tchire zikondweretsereni ndi maluwa okoma komanso okhudzidwa kukula, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malamulo ena osavuta.
Kukula mankhwalawa kumapambana ngati mukukumbukira kuti chomera:
- sizitulutsa chinyezi chokwanira, zimasiyana ndi kukana kwa chilala;
- amamasula kwambiri chisanu, amakonda kutentha ndi kuwala;
- imakula bwino pa dothi ndi makhalidwe apamwamba aeration;
- adzafuna kupatsidwa malo okwanira, popeza ali ndi mizu yayikulu;
- Zidzakhala zofunikira kuti tisamalire nthaka ndi kumasula nthaka.
- amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti ngalande yapamwamba imakula mukamakula;
- amasankha nthaka ndi pH ndale;
- chifukwa kukula bwino kwa tchire kumafunika kufotokoza nthawi zonse feteleza;
- mtunda wa pakati pa mabedi uyenera kukhala osachepera 50 cm, ndipo pakati pa tchire - 30 cm;
- chikhalidwe chidzakula bwino komwe kabichi, mbatata, anyezi, kapena nyemba zakula.
Momwe mungakonzekeretse nthaka yobzala
Kukula ndi kusamalira wodwala sikumayambitsa vuto ngakhale kumayambitsa chomera. Musanadzalemo salvia, m'pofunikira kukonzekera bwino nthaka. Chomeracho chidzakhala bwino pamtunda wa calcareous, womwe umadziwika ndi kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kuchepa kwa madzi. Pali salvia, pachaka komanso osatha. Posankha mtundu wa mbewu, m'pofunika kuganizira za nyengo, chifukwa ngati dera lanu likudziwika ndi chisanu cha chisanu cha chisanu, tchire sizingatheke kuti tipulumutsidwe, choncho, kusankha mitundu yosatha kubzala ndi yopanda phindu. Chikhalidwe chidzakondwera mu gawo lachonde, lomwe muli zambiri zokwanira limakhala ndi feteleza amchere. Ngati malowa akuyendetsedwa ndi dothi la dothi, ndiye kuti muwathandize kukhala ndi khalidwe labwino, muyenera kuwasakaniza ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono za mchere ndi mchenga, zomwe zidzasintha momwe zimakhalira ndi kuteteza chinyezi.
Ndondomeko yobzala: momwe mungakonzekere ndikufesa mbewu za mankhwala
Ngati nthata idabzalidwa ndi mbewu, ndondomeko yotsatirayi iyenera kutsatiridwa:
- Malo ouma bwino amasankhidwa chifukwa chodzala mbewu; Mbeu zabzala m'munda wokonzedweratu mu May;
- Kuika mbewu kumtunda sikupitirira 3mm, ndipo pamtunda kuchoka pa 25 mpaka 30 cm;
- Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mbewu zimabzalidwa pansi mpaka pamene mphukira imayamba, zimatenga masiku 10 mpaka 21;
- Patangotha masabata angapo atangoyamba kumene, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse azikhala ndi nthaka mumadzi ozizira.
- Pamene mukukula mitundu yosalekeza yosatha, m'pofunikira kuyendetsa bwino zomera, zomwe zidzakula msanga.
Zinsinsi zowonjezera chithandizo cha mankhwala: momwe mungasamalire chomera
Sage ndi wodzichepetsa, osagonjetsa chilala ndipo amatha kupulumuka ku dothi losauka. Komabe, kulima m'mikhalidwe yovuta sikumachepetsa makhalidwe okongoletsera a chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu zake zothandizira. Ngati simuli waulesi kwambiri ndipo mumapanga malo abwino pa tchire, mbewu idzakudabwitseni ndi chitukuko champhamvu komanso maluwa ambiri, makamaka popeza sizidzatenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama kuchokera kwa wolima mbewu. Kuthirira kwapamwamba kwambiri, kutsekemera mwachangu, kupalira ndi kukonza tchire - ili ndi mndandanda wonse wa zofunikira kwambiri za agrotechnical zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mukufuna kupeza tchire ndi zokongola zitsamba.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe masambawo amachitira mbewu ndi ovuta kwambiri. Zopweteka zambiri za mlimi zimaganiziridwa ndi kuthirira mopitirira muyeso. Kutentha kwambiri kumakokera ku tchire la nkhono, nthata zamatsenga, thrips ndi slugs. Kuwongolera nthawi zonse ndi kudulira tchire kudzawapatsa iwo mphamvu zokwanira zowonongeka kwa ultraviolet ndipo zidzakhala chitsimikizo cha kukula kwawo ndi chitukuko chawo. Chofunika kwambiri ndiko kukonzekera bwino kwa tchire kwa nyengo yozizira, yomwe idzawateteze ku kuzizira.
Momwe mungamwetsere mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Pakati pa nyengo yowonjezera yowonjezera, ziphuphu zimamera zimafuna ulimi wothirira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti panthawi imeneyi mphukira sizikusowa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Zomera zikafika kukula, nthawi zambiri kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa ndipo kuthirira pokhapokha ngati nthaka yozungulira zomera imakhala youma mpaka kukhudza. M'madera ena a chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe chingakhoze kuchita popanda kuwonjezera kwina kwa chinyezi, chifukwa chidzapatsidwa madzi omwe amafunikira pamodzi ndi mphepo.
Ndi kangati komanso momwe mungadyetse chomera
Pamene kukula sage, pamwamba kuvala tchire ikuchitika mu April, pamaso maluwa, ndi mchere nayitrogeni-munali nkhawa. Koma kugwa, mutatha kudulira, ndibwino kuti zithandizire zomera ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza, malinga ndi mlingo wofotokozedwa ndi wopanga phukusi. Kudyetsa koteroko kumathandiza Salvia kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuchepa kochepa, kupatula ngati, ndithudi, mukuzilemba molondola.
Pamene kupalasa kosafunika kumafunika
Sage ali ndi kukula kwakukulu: pafupifupi, chomera chimakula pamtunda wa 30 cm pa nyengo. Nthawi yamaluwa ya salvia imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imathera pakati pa mwezi wa July. Kuti tchire kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso kusangalala ndi maluwa, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muwabwezeretse zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Malamulo ochepetsera mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Zitsamba zazitsamba zimafuna kudulira ndi kukweta moyenera. Ngati mukukana kuchita izi, mbeu idzatambasula mwamsanga, idzakhala yopanda kanthu, idzakhala yosasunthika ndipo idzalamba. Kudulira mwadongosolo kumachititsa kuti mapangidwe apangidwe a mphukira zatsopano ziwonjezeke ndipo zidzathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa ziweto. Pambuyo pa chikhalidwecho, zonse zowuma zowonongeka zimachotsedwa. M'chaka ndi m'dzinja tchire kwenikweni kudula. Musamve chisoni ndi chomera pamene mukudulira, chifukwa pamene mumadula, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphukira zazing'ono zimapangidwa pazinyama. Mphukira zonse zowonongeka zimayambanso kuchotsedwa.
Zambiri zokhudza kuswana
Kubalana kwa sage kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- magawano a chitsamba;
- masamba ndi mphukira za lignified;
- mbewu.
Kukula msanga kuchokera ku mbewu ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri. Mbewu zafesedwa m'makonzedwe okonzedweratu ndipo anadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi mu February - March. Mphukira yoyamba idzaonekera pambuyo theka - patapita masabata awiri. Mu sabata lachitatu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge mmera ndi kuikanso mbande mu miphika yosiyana. Ngati mwasankha kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti mbewuzo ziyenera kumangoyamba kuwonjezereka.
Kulandira salvia mwa kuumizanitsa pamodzi sikunali kotchuka. Kuti mupeze cuttings, m'pofunika kudula nthiti-nthiti kuti ikhale zidutswa zidutswa za masentimita 15. Kenaka amaikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi. Patapita milungu iwiri, zidutswazo zidzakhala ndi mizu yawo, kenako zidzabzalidwa pansi. Sage ali ndi mizu yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imayambira kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba, choncho, mu kugwa kapena chilimwe, mutha kugawaniza chomera chimodzi mu zomera ziwiri zosiyana.
Kukonza ndi kukolola mankhwala osokoneza bongo
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, masamba amathyoledwa ku tchire kokha ngati kuli kofunika kwambiri. Zaka zonse zotsatila kusonkhanitsa masamba akukula kunyumba, mukhoza chaka chonse. Akatswiri amalangiza kusonkhanitsa mankhwala osakaniza pamaso pa maluwa, monga akukhulupirira kuti panthawi ino apeza kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zidzawathandize kukhala ndi chithandizo chamakono chokwanira. Gulu lomaliza la mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ayenera kuchitika miyezi iŵiri isanayambe chisanu mu nyengo yanu yoyendera, zomwe zidzalola chikhalidwe kukhala ndi masamba atsopano isanayambe nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Zili zovuta kulingalira, koma tsopano kugulitsa nsomba kuletsedwa m'mayiko ambiri, monga asayansi atha kukhazikitsa kuti chomerachi chimakhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka kuposa ndudu. Zoona, zotsatira zake zogwiritsira ntchito sizikhala zoposa 10 mphindi.
Mukamawotcha zipangizo, m'pofunikira kufalitsa masamba ndi nthambi za chikhalidwe kumalo okwera mpweya wabwino kapena pansi pa denga pamsewu. Sungani masamba m'mitsuko ya galasi, matumba a mapepala kapena mapulasitiki osindikizidwa. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochuluka pa kugula mankhwala okwera mtengo, koma kawirikawiri timaganiza kuti muzitsamba za mankhwala a zitsamba pali machiritso amphamvu omwe amatithandiza kuti tithetse mwamsanga matenda osiyanasiyana.
