Maluwa okongola amakhala okongola komanso osangalatsa. Chomera ichi chakhala chotchuka nthawi zonse, ngakhale mtengo wamalonda mu shopu yamaluwa. Mpaka posachedwa, panalibe funso pofalitsa orchid palokha, chifukwa bizinesi iyi idawoneka yodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbewuzo komanso momwe zidasinthira.
Ndi maluwa okongola bwanji?
Mbiri yakale ya momwe maluwa a orchid adakhalako kuyambira kalekale amafanana ndi nthano ndi nthano zopeka. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mayi wa duwa losangalatsa ili ngati utawaleza utagawika zidutswa zambiri, pomwe ena akukhulupirira kuti maluwa amakula m'malo omwe Aphrodite wokongola adataya nsapato yake. Koma ngakhale atasiyana bwanji, onse amawona mbewu iyi ngati chizindikiro cha kubadwanso, kukongola komanso chikondi chachikulu.
Orchid amakonda kumera pamitengo.
Kusamalira Mwachidule
Ngati simumaganizira zongopeka ndi nthano za duwa ladziko ndikutembenukira kudziko lenileni la sayansi, mutha kudziwa kuti ma orchid oyambawo adapezeka zaka zoposa miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, ngakhale adafalikira ku China ndi Japan kokha zaka 2000 zapitazo.
Mitundu ya Orchid ndi makumi masauzande
M'masiku amenewo, maluwa a zipatso anali kuonedwa ngati gulu lazomera zamankhwala, ndipo Confucius adanenanso izi m'mabuku ake.. M'mayiko aku Europe, orchid adawoneka osati kale kwambiri, zaka zochepa zapitazo, koma munthawi imeneyi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yake kudafikira 30,000.
Mwa mwayi wokuza chikhalidwe chamaluwa ichi mchipinda, ndiyenera kunena chifukwa cha botanists. Kusamalira orchid koona kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri poyambira, koma akatswiri ndi akatswiri amalonjeza chomera chamaluwa chamaluwa ngati mungakwaniritse zosowa za orchid munthawi yake, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chapadera kuti muzisamalira.
Kuwala ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa orchid, koma kuyenera kufananizidwa moyenerera. Duwa limakonda kuwala kowala, koma koma kosakanikirana.
Maluwa amayenera kukhala ombre pamithunzi yozungulira.
Kuwala kwadzuwa sikungawononge maluwawo nthawi yomweyo, koma kumawalitsa ndikuwongola masamba popanda chiyembekezo chotuluka. Ngati mumatha kuwongolera pang'ono pazenera ndi tulle kapena lutrasil woonda, orchid amakusangalatsani nthawi zonse ndi utoto.
Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika, nthawi yopuma imalowamo ndipo sizikumvekanso bwino potsegula zenera, popeza zinthu zakuthambo ndizosaphula kanthu. Munthawi yofunikira kwambiri ya maluwa, amawombera okhwima ndipo mbewuyo imayala masamba a nyengo yotsatira. Ndikwabwino kutsitsa kutentha kozungulira kwa nthawi yopuma ndikuisunga mkati mwa 13 ° С-18 ° С, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe malire apamwamba amatha kukwera mpaka 27 ° С, ndipo wotsika ndibwino wotsalira womwewo. Izi ndichifukwa choti zachilengedwe zamaluwa zimasiyananso ndi kutentha ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa ake azikhala otentha.
Pakatha nthawi yayitali ndipo yolondola yopuma, maluwa amakongoletsa mitundu yambiri.
Orchidaceae amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, makamaka makamaka pakukula, koma nthawi yozizira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komwe kumatha kumatha. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chilala sichikhala chowopsa kwa orchid ngati bay, chifukwa chake muyenera kuthirira duwa mwachidwi ndipo ndibwino kuchichita mukasamba kapena kusiya poto yamaluwa mumtsuko ndi madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 15, ndikuloleza chinyezi chambiri kukhetsa.
Vidiyo: Momwe ndimathirira maluwa
Kufalikira kwa mbewu za maluwa
Kukula orchid nokha ndi chiyeso chachikulu komanso nyenyezi zowonjezera pamapewa omangiririka, koma kukumana ndi zovuta zosayembekezereka pakubala, ambiri koyambirira amasiya bizinesiyo, osadzikhulupirira okha kapena kungowononga zinthuzo.
Ndipo zonse chifukwa mbewu za orchid sizitha kumera munthawi zina zomera zina - m'nthaka, ndipo amalima novice ndi chidwi chachikulu chofesa zipatso za maluwa wamba m'nthaka, akumalowetsa njere kuimfa yosafa.
Kapangidwe ka mbewu, mwachitsanzo chomwe mungathe kumvetsetsa zomwe mbewu ya orchid imalandidwa
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu ya maluwa a orchid mulibe ma endosperm, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ilibe malo opatsa thanzi ndipo mwana wosabadwayo amalandila chakudya kuchokera pagawo lokhalokha, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi malo apamwamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuthengo, ma orchid amakula masiyanidwe ndi bowa, kuphatikizapo otsika.
Kumene mungatenge mbewu
Mbewu ya orchid ndi yaying'ono kuchulukitsa ka 15,000 kuposa tirigu wa tirigu, ndiye kuti, ndiyosazindikirika ndi maso a munthu popanda kuwala koyenera. Ndiye kuti, ndikosavuta kuyerekezera kuti akutola mbewu za orchid, ndipo makamaka kuphukira. Maluwa a maluwa amatha kukolola mu labotale yokhazikika chifukwa chake, atafunsidwa kuti "pali mbewu za orchid zogulitsa", ogulitsa maluwa amagulitsa chete. Koma chilengedwe cha mayi sichinasiye ana ake a orchid popanda kutulutsa ndi kulipirira kukula kocheperako kwa mbewuyo ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Tsegulani Box la Orchid
Duwa limodzi la orchid limapanga bokosi la mbewu, lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 miliyoni miliyoni, ndipo chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kochepa, kamphepo kalikonse kamakhala ndi fumbi kumadera onse oyandikana nawo. Mbewu imakhazikika pamitengo ndikupanga masankhidwe achilengedwe.
Kanema: Kukula kwa bokosi la mbewu (miyezi isanu)
Mbewu ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi maselo ofanana, osatha kudzipangira pawokha. Ngakhale m'malo oyenera, zochepa zimakhala zofunikira kupitilira kuunika, ndipo mwa chozizwitsa, mbewu yokhwima itha kudziwikanso ngati mawonekedwe, omwe amatchedwanso protocorm. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu imatha kukhalapo kwa zaka zingapo, ngati sichikulimbikitsidwa.
Kanema: Kukula kwa bokosi la mbewu (miyezi 8-9)
Mbewu zimacha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, nthawi yakupanga ikhoza kukhala masiku 90, koma izi zimatengera kukula kwa duwa, zaka za mtengowo, kukula kwa kuwala, nyengo, ndi zina zambiri zofunika pakukula kwa mbeuyo. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu ya Ludisia discolor, imacha patangotha mwezi umodzi, koma ndi mtundu wamaluwa osowa.
Pamenepo, bokosi la mbewu litakula kale, chopukutira chamthumba chimamangiriridwa pansi kuchokera pansi kuti fumbi la mbewu lisakhuthuka pakugumuka.
Orchid mbewu fumbi papepala loyera
Bokosi lokhwima nthawi zambiri limadetsedwa ndikusanduka labulawuni, koma nthawi zina limatha kukhala lobiriwira. Pomwe, ndikuwonetsa, nthawi yakwana yoti mutenge mbewu, dulani bwino bokosilo ndikuthira njirayo pepala lopanda kanthu.
Kanema: Bokosi la mbewu lakucha
Momwe zimera
Njira yodalirika yogwiritsira ntchito njere kuti simere si mapoto amaluwa kapena mbande, koma zopangidwa ndi galasi, koposa zonse, mtundu wapadera, wamakankhwala amtundu wokhala ndi zomata. Zotengera izi ziyenera kukhala chosawilitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito yophika yophika kapena yophimba, ngati zingatheke. Zophatikizira zamagalasi zimaphika kapena kuthiridwa ndi nthunzi kwa ola limodzi (izi zimatenga mphindi 30 mu autoclave, koma matenthedwe pamenepo amapitilira madigiri 100 amodzi.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayenera kukhala osabala. Shredred moss sphagnum kapena osakaniza a agar-agar polysaccharides, omwe amapezeka m'matchi am'madzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi pakukula mbewu za orchid, ndipo amadziwika ndi onse ngati zopangira za gelatin.
Zida za Agar Agar Powder
Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito moss m'madzi ofunda ndikuwonjezera kwa phytoherm kapena mutha kuwiritsa mwachangu, koma ndiye kuti itaya katundu wake wa bactericidal, ndipo sizivuta kusungabe kuchuluka kwa acid mu sphagnum, iyenera kukhalabe mkati mwa 4.8-5.2 ph.
Mwatsopano sphagnum moss
Agar-agar amabweretsedwa ku chithupsa ndipo pambuyo pozizira kumasandulika mawonekedwe onyansa, koma amatsanuliridwa m'mapulasitala osabala ngakhale mawonekedwe otentha ndi amadzimadzi. Hot agar yokhala ndi zowonjezera zoyenera zimatsanuliridwa mumtsuko 30% ya voliyumu, yotsekedwa ndi nkhumba ndikuwiphika kachiwiri kwa mphindi 30 mu kuphika wopanikizika kapena poto yothandizira pachitofu.
Kanema: kukonzekera kumera kwa mbeu
Palinso magawo ena apadera, ochita kupanga mwa ma hydrogels, omwe amasewera ngati maziko pakukonzekera zosakaniza ndi michere kuti imere.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tiyenera kukhala ndi shuga komanso zinthu zina zambiri.
Iyi ndi sing'anga wa Knudson wopanga zakudya: misa yamatope
Mu labotale, pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwake kwa fructose ndi glucose amawonjezeredwa ku agar-agar pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Ndipo pokonzekera kusakaniza kwawo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe cha Knudson, chomwe mungagule m'masitolo otchuka a maluwa, ndikuwona zipatso zake zambiri.
Koma pochita, amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake osinthika komanso osavuta malinga ndi njira ya Cherevchenko. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kutenga madzi okwanira ndikuthiramo:
- gramu imodzi ya calcium nitrate;
- kotala magalamu a potaziyamu;
- kuchuluka komweko kwa magnesium sulfate;
- theka la gramu ya ammonium sulfate;
- 0,05 magalamu a chelate chachitsulo;
- kuchuluka kwa sodium humate;
- gramu imodzi ya kaboni yoyambitsa;
- supuni ya shuga;
- 10 magalamu a agar agar.
Kuti mupeze bwino, mutha kutenga galamu imodzi yayikulu ngati gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, ndipo magalamu 0,55 pamsonga pa mpeni. Mukuphatikizika kwakapangidwe, njere za orchid zimamera mu ma masse, chinthu chachikulu ndikusunga osakaniza mu chidebe ndi chatsekedwa, kutentha koyenera.
Wamaluwa Amateur nthawi zambiri amakonza zosakaniza zopatsa thanzi kuchokera ku njira zopitilira bwino, mwachitsanzo, phatikizani feteleza wa Vito mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi ndi theka la lita imodzi ya madzi osaphika a phwetekere ndikuwonjezera kapu yotsetsa ndi supuni ya shuga.
Musanayike mbeu mu osakaniza, ndikofunikira kudutsa owuma, mwachitsanzo, siyani chotseka chotsekedwa ndi chosagwirizana mkati mwa masiku asanu. Ngati nkhungu ikuwonekera kumapeto kwa nthawiyo, njira yolera yotseketsa iyenera kubwerezedwa.
Ngati kusakaniza kukonzekera kubzala, ndiye kuti kumayenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, solution ya calcium hypochlorite imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mumafunikira kugwirizira mbewuyo kwa mphindi 10, kenako ndikusunthira kumtunda ndikugwiritsa ntchito pipette. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa mosavuta: supuni ziwiri za bulitchi zimadzipereka mu theka la kapu ya madzi ndipo osakaniza amakhutitsidwa kwa theka la ola.
Timabzala zinthu zomera
Chifukwa cha izi, kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi makina padera, kenako komanso palinso chiopsezo chobweretsa spores mu malo oyera limodzi ndi njere, kotero mbewu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi bulitchi zimasinthidwa kukhala zosabereka pokhapokha pothandizidwa ndi nthunzi. Pachifukwa ichi, gululi imayikidwa pamphika wamadzi otentha, pomwe mumakhala zosakanizika zophatikizana ndi michere kuti zimere mkati. Pogwiritsa ntchito bomba losalala, njere zimachotsedwa mu yankho la chloride ndikuyika mwachindunji pamwamba pa nthunzi m'matofu kapena mitsuko. Njira yonseyi iyenera kuchitika mwachangu kwambiri.
Kanema: yeserani kumtunda
Zophatikizira mumbewuzo mumazisunga ndi thonje swabs (wosabala,) ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha (18-23 ° C) ndikuwunikira kwa maola osachepera 12-14.
Kunyumba, ngakhale mayi wapakhomo woyendayenda kwambiri ali ndi mndandanda wazomwe zimayambitsa mabakiteriya kuipitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, musanachitike ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira kupanga mankhwala ndi zida zonse zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera osakaniza ndikuyika mbewu mu "greenh m'nyumba" zawo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti magolovesi oyamba opaleshoni komanso bandeji zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mbewu
Tembenuzani mbande
Ndikotheka kubzala nthangala za zipatso za maluwa wamba pamtundu wamba, ndiye kuti, zosabereka, nthaka itatha chaka chimodzi. Mbande imachotsedwa pamachikena kapena pa zitini ndikutsuka. Kuti muchite izi, madzi angapo amathiridwa mu thanki ndikugwedezeka mumayendedwe ozungulira. Chifukwa chake, msanganizo wam'mera umatsukidwa ndi madzi ndipo mbande zimatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi gawo lapansi.
Kwa mabedi "orchid" atsopano, makungwa a mitengo yophwanyika, makamaka pine, ndi sphagnum moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
chotengera chamafuta, chothandiza kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi zakumwa
Dothi lamatayala la zinthu zopukutika, miyala kapena miyala yofukulidwa pansi imayikidwa pansi pa thankiyo. Osakaniza wothira ndi mbande umathiridwa mu mbale yosaya, yowonekera bwino ndi mbali, ndikuwonjezera madontho angapo a yankho pansi, ndipo mbande zimasamutsidwira kumalo ena atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito burashi. Monga mbale, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito Petri mbale.
Chinyezi chokhala pamalo amabedi atsopano a orchid ziyenera kusungidwa mofananamo ndi ma orchid akuluakulu, pafupifupi 60%. Kutentha ndi kuyatsa kumakhalabe chimodzimodzi ngati nthawi yamera.
Kanema: Nthambi za Orchid
Kodi kudikira orchid?
Monga tanena kale, bokosi la mbewu limatha kupsa mkati mwa miyezi itatu, ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yifupi kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, imayamba kungoyambira miyezi 8-9.
Mbewu za Orchid, zakonzeka kutsukidwa kuti zisaswidwe
Mbewu zofesedwa muzosakaniza zam'madzi zimaphukanso kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka chaka, ndipo mbande zokhwima zimadikirira mphika wina kwa zaka zingapo. Maluwa oikidwa kukhala malo okhazikika adzaphuka mchaka chachitatu cha chitukuko chokha.
Ngati tingaganizire njira yonse yobala, kuyambira pakumanga mabokosi ambewu mpaka maluwa atsopano, ndiye kuti imatha kudontha kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Izi ndizotheka. Koma, pokhapokha ngati zinthu zonse zikuyenda bwino gawo lililonse, nthawi yake imachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Monga zadziwika kale kuchokera m'ndimeyi, chinthu choyamba chomwe chitha kuchitidwa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino ndikuwathandiza thanki yofesa, gawo lapansi, mbewu moipa kapena kunyalanyaza malo obzala pamwamba pa nthunzi. Mwachidule, lolani microflora yosavomerezeka, yomwe ingasokoneze michereyo ndipo mbewuzo "zifa ndi njala" kapena kukhala chakudya cha bowa.
Chovuta chachiwiri chodziwika bwino ndi kusaleza mtima. Kumbukirani, ngati munayang'ana gawo lapansi kuti musachite dzala ndikuchita zonse mogwirizana ndi malangizo, pali chinthu chovuta kwambiri - kudikirira. Panali nthawi zina pomwe olima minda adalephera kudekha, ndipo adasefa malondawo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti lingaliro lawo lidalephera. Pakadali pano, zinali zokwanira kusiya chilichonse momwe ziliri, chifukwa njira zina sizikuwoneka ndi maso a munthu, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti sizingachitike ndipo sizitisunthira kufupi ndi cholinga chomaliza.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti munthu akukumana ndi mavuto osadalira pa iye yekha ndipo, atapita popanda kukayika, amakumana ndi zovuta kudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, likunenedwa kuti orchid, pomwe mbewuzo zidatengedwa, limakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo silingatengedwe ndi bowa, ndiye kuti mbewu sizingalandire chakudya ndipo sizingamere. Kapenanso vuto lotsutsana kwathunthu litha kuoneka ngati chitetezo chofooka ndipo mafangayi amangokulira mbeu.
Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuyanjana kofananira komwe kukuchitika koyenera kwa ziwirizi ndi chuma chokhazikika chotsata zotsatira zake.
Mbewu za Orchid mu chubu choyesera wamba ndi chosakaniza chophatikiza ndi michere
Izi ndizosavuta kuchita, chifukwa ngakhale mwachilengedwe mwayi woti uberekenso mu maluwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mu labotale, kufalitsa mbewu kwa orchid kumachitanso zaka zingapo. Lolani kuti ntchitoyi iyambike osati nthawi yoyamba, koma posachedwa ipita pa njira yoyenera komanso yosalimba koma mbande za maluwa okongola za orchid.
Njira zatsiku ndi tsiku
- Choyambirira kuchita ndiku kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kusasitsa kwa kapisozi.Nthawi zambiri imayamba yofiirira ndikuyamba kusweka.
Bokosi la mbewu la orchid lakucha, losasweka
- Zitangochitika kuti bokosi lambewu lakhwima, ndikofunikira kumangirira ndi chopukutira kuti mukamayang'anitsa musataye chuma.
- Mutasokoneza bokosi la mbewu, thirani nthyole papepala kapena thumba lina losavuta.
Mbeu za Orchid pa pepala loyera
- Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofunikira kwambiri, timakonza zosakaniza zopatsa thanzi kuti zimere kapena kugula mugulitsa maluwa.
kumera mafuta osakaniza
- Zopimira zamagalasi zambewu zophukira, limodzi ndi nsapato, sizitulutsidwa ndi zotentha kapena zotentha.
Sterilization wa zitini ndi kuwira
- Gawo laling'ono limayikidwa muzotikonzedwa ndipo chithandizo cha kutentha chimachitidwanso
Zotengera zilizonse zamagalasi zokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba cholimba ndizoyenera kumera nthangala za orchid
- Timasiya zotsekera zotsekemera ndi msanganizo kuti tiwone kwa masiku 5 kuti tikayang'ane ngati tili ndi dzimbiri. Ngati gawo lapansi mu thankiyo likupambana mayeso, pitani pagawo lotsatirali.
- Mu yankho la chloride timatulutsa njerethu kwa mphindi zingapo ndipo nthawi yomweyo timabzyala pamiyeso yosalala pogwiritsa ntchito nchere yotentha.
kubzala mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi pamtunda wosabala
- Mbewu zomwe zili ndi zotsekera komanso zosalimba ziyenera kusungidwa pakatentha kwambiri 20 ° C. Mbeu zimayamba kumera posachedwa kuposa miyezi itatu.
namera mbewu za orchid mu njira yosabala
- Kuyika mbande kuchokera mumtsuko wosalala kumachitika mu chidebe chachikulu ndi gawo laling'ono kuchokera ku khungwa ndipo imayikidwa mu kapu kuti ipange zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha.
Kukula mbande za orchid pamtunda wa mitengo yamakungwa
Vidiyo: momwe mungakulire orchid kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba
Kufalitsa mbewu kumafuna chisamaliro chokwanira, chinthu chimodzi cholakwika ndipo mutha kuyambiranso zonse. Muyenera kukhala osamala ndi akhama kwambiri kuti patha zaka zisanu, kapena ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, musirire maluwa omwe mbewu zomwe zasinthika kuchokera kufumbi la mbewu kukhala maluwa okongola a banja la orchid pamaso panu. Koma, posiya chisokonezo, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti sizingachitike, ntchitoyi idalipidwa mopanda kukayikira!
