Mafani a viticulture omwe amakhala m'madera ozizira nthawi yachisanu, ngakhale zili zonse, pezani mitundu yomwe imatha kubzala ngakhale m'malo otere. Mmodzi mwa mphesa omwe saopa chisanu chowopsa ndi Alfa. Ndikofunika kunena zambiri za izi.
Alfa - woyenda kuwoloka nyanja
Mphesa izi zidawonekera ku Minnesota - imodzi mwa North America States
Mphesa za Alfa zimawoneka kuti ndi zaluso chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo popanga vinyo. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, mphukira zazitali, adapeza mawonekedwe ake pakupanga makoma a nyumba, mipanda, masanja.
Gazebo ndi Alfa: kanema
Mphesa izi zidawonekera ku Minnesota - imodzi mwa mayiko aku North America chifukwa chodutsa mipesa ya Vitis riparia ndi Vitis labrusca. Otsiriza mwa mitundu iyi ya makolo - labrusca - imapatsa mbadwa zake kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso zomwe zimafanana ndi sitiroberi. Amatchedwa nkhandwe kapena isabal.
Mu theka loyamba la zaka zapitazi, a Alpha adalowa gawo la mgwirizano wakale pakati pa odulidwa a mitundu omwe amakololedwa ku United States ndipo adabweretsa ku Odessa kuti akafufuze. Popita nthawi, mphesa izi zidayamba kubzala kuchokera kumadera akumwera kwa Belarus komanso pakati Russia mpaka Kum'mawa Kakutali.
Zomwe zili zosangalatsa ndi Alpha
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mutha kupeza mbewu zotere
Choyambirira, Alpha imakopa azipanga mphesa kumadera komwe kumazizira kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yayitali yakucha, masango amakhala ndi nthawi yothira madzi ndikupeza kukoma konse. Mukabzala m'chigawo cha Siberian, mphesa imeneyi imasankhidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ndi nthawi yakucha chakumapeto. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chambiri. Ubwino wosatsutsika wa Alpha ndi kusakhazikika kwake ku matenda oyamba ndi mphesa.
Tchire la alfa ndilamphamvu, pakulima zosiyanasiyana pofuna kukolola, mpesa uyenera kupangidwa ngati mphesa zilizonse. Kenako zipatso zimacha kale, mabulashi amapanga akuluakulu komanso osalimba kuposa ma tchire osasinthika. Mphukira za mipesa yamtunduwu ndizitali, koma zokhwima. Mahesiti ndimakakera kwambiri pakukulira ndipo amafunika kudulira ana opeza katatu pachaka.
Maluwa a alfa ndi amodzi, amakhala opukutidwa mosasamala kanthu nyengo ndipo amakhala masango ang'ono-ang'ono, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono kapena otembenukira ku chulu kumunsi. Imabirira kwambiri kapena mocheperako, koma pamipanda yosasinthika imamasulidwa. Mphesa uyu ndi wabwino pollinator kwa mitundu ina, zomwe zimawonjezera zipatso zawo.
Mphesa za Alfa ndi zazing'onoting'ono komanso pafupifupi zozungulira. Zikacha, zimakhala zakuda ndi tint yofiirira kapena yofiirira. Amakutidwa ndi zokutira ndi sera. Mnofu wotsekemera wa zipatso ndi wowawasa, uli ndi kukoma kowoneka bwino kwa isabial, koma wowawasa.
Mphesa za Alfa: kanema
Chiwerengero cha mphesa za Alfa: tebulo
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu ya Alfa zimawonetsedwa bwino ndi ziwerengero.
| Kukula kuyambira nthawi yamasamba | Masiku 140-150 |
| Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kogwira ntchito kuyambira chiyambi cha kukula mpaka kukhwima kwa ukadaulo | 2800 ºº |
| Kulemera kwakukulu kwa tsango la Ubwenzi | 90-100 g, nthawi zina imafikira 150-250 g |
| Kutalika kwakuwombera | mpaka 9 mita |
| Kukula kwa mphesa pang'ono | Ø15 mm |
| Mphesa kulemera kwapakati | 2-3 magalamu |
| Zambiri za shuga | 150-170 g / dm3 |
| Kuchuluka kwa asidi mu madzi okwanira 1 litre | 10-13 magalamu |
| Zokolola pa hekita iliyonse | mpaka matani 14-18 |
| Kukana chisanu | mpaka -30 ºº, malinga ndi magwero ena mpaka -35 ºะก |
| Fungal matenda kukana | mkulu |
Alfa adzayamika chisamaliro
Mitundu ya alfa ndi yosasangalatsa, koma imayang'aniridwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zokolola zikuwonjezeka, kotero pakukula zipatsozi kuti musankhe zipatso, simuyenera kunyalanyaza malamulo obzala, kukuza ndi kukonza mphesa.
Malo oyimilira ndi kuthandizira
Alfa, monga mphesa zina zilizonse, amakonda dzuwa ndi mpweya watsopano, ndichifukwa chake tchire lake limabzalidwa m'malo omwe kumayatsa komanso mpweya wabwino. Dzenje lodzala mphesa limakonzedwa molingana ndi malamulo onse - mpaka 75 cm mulifupi ndi kuya, lomwe ndi dambo lomiza komanso dothi labwino. Alfa amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chodalirika, chomwe mphukira imayenera kumangirizidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pambuyo pake mphesa zimakhazikitsidwa pazokha. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chovala cha mphukira yakutsikira kuti chisamire pansi polemedwa ndi manja.
Makhalidwe Othandizira pa Alfa
Mitundu ya mphesa iyi imadziwika ndi fecundity yayikulu ya mphukira m'munsi. Izi ndikofunikira kuziganizira mukamapanga kudulira kwa tchire mu kugwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zobiriwira zosapsa zimachotsedwa. Pa mphukira zokhwima zimasiya maso 8-10, ndipo magawo amatha kukonzedwa ndi wobiriwira.
Kudulira chilimwe kumatumizidwa kuti muchepetse korona ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, ndikulamulira kukula kwa chitsamba. Pakati pa chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuchotsa masamba omwe amabisa masamba.
Kuthirira mphesa Alpha
Ngati kunali chisanu pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira ndipo miyezi ya kasupe inali yosasangalatsa ndi mvula, mphesazo zinkathiriridwa, ndikubweretsa ndowa zinayi za madzi pansi pa chomera chilichonse. Kutsirira kumayeza ndi chinyezi cha dothi, zimathamanga mwachangu. Kuthirira kwambiri kumatha kuwononga mbewu, kupangitsa kuti masango azola panthambi zotsika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pakakulitsa Alfa, anthu ambiri opanga vinyo amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere, kuzisintha ndi kompositi ndi phulusa lamatabwa, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amawonjezera manyowa owola bwino pamahatchi. Ngati chomera chikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa michere, kukonzekera kwa humic kungawonjezedwenso. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amabwezedwa kuti alepheretse anthracnose.
Kukonzekera chomera nthawi yachisanu
Zaka zitatu zokha zoyambirira, mbewu zazing'ono za mtundu wa Alfa zimafuna malo ogona nthawi yachisanu, malinga ndi dera la Moscow silingafunikire pambuyo pake. Pambuyo pa kudula kwa nthawi yophukira, mphukira zosunthika zimakutetezabe pansi ndikukutidwa ndi zida "zopumira" - udzu, lapnik, zosapanga nsalu. Popanda kupezeka, pogona zitha kupangidwa kuchokera pazomwe zili pafupi - zothandizira padenga, masitepe, koma muyenera kusiya malo owongolera mpweya.
Kubzala kwa alfa
Kudula ndi kukulitsa magawo awiri mwa njira zosavuta kwambiri zofalitsira zosiyanasiyana. Chubuki (kudulidwa) kwa mphesa izi kumazika mizu.
Popeza Alpha imakana kuthana ndi matenda ndi chisanu, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chuma cha mitundu ina.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Mphesa Alpha imakhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe chofunikira, sichimakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chophwanya malamulo olimidwa.
Ndi chlorosis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kumera pamchenga kapena matope ofooka, yankho la sulfate yachitsulo limayambitsidwa m'nthaka kapena kumawadyetsa kumene.
Antacnosis imatha kuchitika munthaka yokhala acidified. Poterepa, mbali zonse za mbewuzo zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa mwachangu ndikuwotcha, ndipo mphesa zimachiritsidwa pakatha masabata awiri aliwonse ndi Bordeaux fluid kapena systemic fungicides. Kufewa kwa ufa wa mpesa ndi ufa wa sulufule kapena phulusa la nkhuni kumathandizanso.
Mwa tizirombo, utitiri wa mphesa nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'mipesa ya Alfa, yomwe, ikamadya masamba a masamba, imasiya mabowo owoneka. Ndi ambiri a iwo, tchire amathandizidwa ndi Karbofos kapena Fufanon.
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu kungachitike ndi mavu, kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudya madzi a zipatso zakupsa. Mutha kuziwopseza ndi utsi wa makala amisala.
Ndemanga za mphesa Alpha
Imakula m'mudzi pafupifupi zaka 15, vinyo ndi zipatso zophatikizika ndizabwino kuyambira chaka chino. Chaka chino ndinabzala mmera wamtunduwu. Matenda, ndi ochulukitsa, vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatsozi ndiwosangalatsa. Popeza mutayang'anira kamodzi kokha mutabzala, palibe chomwe mungachite, ndipo mudzangobwera m'dzinja, ndipo ngati mumvera kwambiri, adzakuthokozerani zabwino komanso zabwino Kututa: Gawo la anthu okhala chilimwe.
Alexander777//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6329
A Alfa ake "tcheru" sagwira ntchito. Amasewera ngati mpanda wobiriwira wosagwirizana ndi msewu. Kukolola kumatha itatha chisanu choyamba, chomwe chimapha masamba. Kenako masango amawoneka bwino, ndipo kuzizira kocheperako kumachepetsa mulingo wa asidi mu zipatso. Ngakhale vinyo wochokera ku Alpha sakhala "wapamwamba", koma "Monastery hut" yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi Alpha nthawi zambiri "amapuma" (kamodzi pofanizidwa). Zambiri, Igor
Igor BC//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6329
Alefa onse. Monga kukula kwanga, chilichonse ndi chimodzi. Inde, mwa anthu wamba dzina lake ndi Isabela, koma uyu si Isabela. Ndilinso ndi masiku 4 momwe adayamba kudetsa. Chaka chino ndinachigwiritsa ntchito ngati sitolo. Kukula kwa katemera ndikwabwino!
Xelam//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6329
Mphesa za ku North America kalasi la Alpha, chifukwa cha kupirira komanso kusasamala mu chisamaliro, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa alimi oyambira. Ndipo opanga maonekedwe adzayang'ana zipatso zowoneka bwino zobiriwira zomwe zili ndi masango abwino.
