Ziribe kanthu momwe masamba ndi zipatso zokongola zimayang'anirako m'masitolo a masitolo, zomwe zimakula ndi manja awo zidzakhala zokongola kwambiri.
Inde, mukudziwa kuti zipatso sizinayambe mankhwala amtundu uliwonse ndipo sizinapangidwe ndi mankhwala.
Kotero, ngati mukufuna kukula, tomato m'munda wanu, ndiye kuti simungakhale nthawi yowonongeka.
Mungapeze malangizo abwino apa.
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera pansi
Nthaka iyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, makamaka mu kugwa. Choyamba, chotsani zitsalira zonse za mbewu zomwe zapitazo, monga nsonga, mizu.
Chotsani namsongole. Kutsowa kofunikira Gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kwa feteleza: humus, superphosphate, potaziyamu nitrate, chifukwa cha mkulu wa asidi wa nthaka - choko kapena makala.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ammonium nitrate iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyambira pamene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa, feteleza izi zidzasungunuka ndi kusamba.
Musanadzalemo, nthaka imadetsedwa, motero njira yothetsera sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito (supuni imodzi ya vitriol imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Tsopano tikukonzekera kubzala zakuthupi.
Chitsamba chirichonse cha phwetekere chimayamba moyo wake ngati mawonekedwe. Mungathe kugula ndikudzikulitsa nokha.
Kwa mbande zodulidwa pali miyezo yambiri yomwe iyenera kukumana nayo:
- Kukuwombera ndi malo oyendetsa ayenera kukhala amphamvu, owongoka, osasintha;
- masamba ayenera kukhala obiriwira obiriwira;
- pasakhale zizindikiro za tizirombo kapena matenda;
- mitundu ya phwetekere iyenera kukhala yoyenera kudera lanu;
- osankhidwa osiyanasiyana ayenera kukhala ndi "chitetezo" pa matenda;
- Mbeu zisakhale ndi maluwa kapena zipatso, mbande zoterozo "zidzasokonezeka" pakuika pansi.
Ngati mwasankha kukula mbande zanu nokha, ndibwino kuti muchite chimodzimodzi ndi theka kwa miyezi iwiri musanayambe kubzala.
N'zotheka kukula kukula kwa mapepala m'mabotolo, ndi mabokosi omwe amapezeka. Pakuti mbande ndi bwino kugula dothi lapadera losakaniza kuti pasakhale kupezeka kwa tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Wokonzeka nthaka yosakaniza ayenera kutsanuliridwa mu chidebe ndi chophatikizidwa.
Ndiye mukhoza kutsanulira ofunda kusakaniza zamkuwa sulphate ndi mullein njira (kwa malita 10 a madzi mukufunikira hafu ya supuni ya supuni ya vitriol ndi supuni 3 za mullein ngati gruel). Mu chidebe chimodzi muyenera kuika mbewu ziwiri, pena paliponse ndi kuya kwa 1 - 1.5 masentimita. Mbewu izi zimafunika kuwaza ndi nthaka yokonzedwa.
Mbewu isanayambe, kutentha kuzungulira bokosi kapena kaseti iyenera kukhala 22-25 ° C. Komanso akulimbikitsidwa tiphimba chidebecho ndi kumamatira filimu. Pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba, mbande ziyenera kukonzedwanso kumalo owala kwambiri. Mu gawoli, kutentha kumakhala kotsika, ndi 15-16 ° C masana ndi 13-15 ° C usiku.
Mbewu yozizira imathandiza kuti kukula kwake kukule bwino, koma sitiyenera kulola zida. Ulamulilo woterewu uyenera kusungidwa masiku khumi. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, kutentha kumayenera kuukitsidwa kwa 18-22 ° C masana ndi 15-18 ° C usiku. Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (7) mutatha kuphuka, mmera umene uli wofooka uyenera kuchotsedwa mu mphika.
Zosowa za mmera kuthirira nthawi zonseChoncho, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira makapu 0,5 kamodzi pa sabata. Pamene masamba awiri ndi atatu amapezeka, kuthirira kwawonjezeka kufika pa madzi okwanira 1, ndipo pakapita masentimita 4 mpaka 5, amachulukitsa kawiri kawiri pa sabata.
Mwa zina, mbande zimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse. Feteleza ayenera kupangidwa masiku khumi ndi awiri. Nthawi yoyamba muyenera kudyetsa mbande patapita kamodzi ndi theka - masabata awiri mutangoyamba kumera potaziyamu permanganate (madzi okwanira 10 malita - 1 g ya potassium permanganate). Pa mmera umodzi amafunikira 0,5 makapu a yankho.
Pambuyo pa masiku khumi muyenera kupanga mullein ndi urea (10 malita a madzi - supuni 3 ya pasty mullein ndi 1 tsp ya urea). Pa chitsamba chimodzi 1 galasi la feteleza.
Ngati mwasankha kale tsiku lenileni la kubzala, ndiye masiku 76 mpaka 7 izi zisanachitike, mbewu zimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi yomaliza. Pa malita 10 a madzi mumafunikira 1 tbsp. supuni nitrophoska ndi piritsi limodzi la tsatanetsatane.
Kutsegula mmera kwa mbande kumatanthauza kusintha nthawi zonse nyengo, choncho, kukonzekera mbande kuyenera kuphatikizaponso kutseka. Ntchitoyi iyenera kuyamba mu April - May.
Kuti muchite izi, asiyeni mbande pa khonde ndi mawindo otsegulidwa, koma muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha, chifukwa mbeu idzamwalira pamene kutentha kumadutsa 10 ° C. Kuonjezera apo, payenera kukhala madzi okwanira pansi kuti zisawononge mbande.
Pa nthawi yoyamba yovuta, mbande ziyenera kuzimitsidwa kuti zowonongeka zisamawonekere pa masamba. Ndibwino kuti tipewe njira zowonetsera musanadzale pofuna kupewa maonekedwe a matenda a fungal. Pochita izi, mbande zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera mkuwa oxychloride (10 malita a madzi - 1 tbsp. Supuni).
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha
Timapita ku gawo lofunika kwambiri: kubzala mbande
Ndi kubzala kwa mbande ndi bwino kuti pasachedwe, momwe zingathere usiku wa chisanu ukhoza kuwononga tchire. Ndikofunika kuganizira zozizwitsa za mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi zozizwitsa za nyengo m'derali, koma nthawi yabwino kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino yobzala ndi yachiwirikati mwa mwezi wa May. N'kofunika kuti kuwala kwa tsiku kuli ndi ufulu wopita kumalo otsetsereka.
Ndikofunika kuteteza tchire la tomato kuchokera ku mphepo. Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti tomato sangabzalidwe m'malo omwe oimira banja la nightshade ndi chimanga sichikulirepo kale.
Sitilimbikitsanso kuti tibzala tomato kwa zaka ziwiri kumalo omwewo. Zikanakhala bwino ngati masamba oyambirira, mizu kapena masamba amakula pamalo amenewo. Sizowonjezeka kusankha malo ogwera m'madera otsika, monga mmalo amenewo padzakhala chinyezi chachikulu.
Nthaŵi yabwino ya tsiku lotsika pansi idzakhala m'maŵa kapena madzulo. Mabowo ayenera kukumba pasadakhale, kwa masiku 4 - 5. Kuzama ndi m'lifupi ziyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa bayonet. Mtunda wa madera oyandikana nawo udzadalira maonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamtundu wake padzakhala 30-50 masentimita.Ngati mutabzala tchire mosasunthika, ndiye kuti sangakhale odzaza.
Mzere wa mzere uyenera kukhala wa 50 - 70 masentimita. M'pofunika kuyika mmerawo pang'onopang'ono, kukonkha nthaka. Pa nthawi yobzala, kutalika kwa tsinde la mmera kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 35 - 40 cm m'litali. Mwamsanga mutabzala pansi, muyenera kuwonjezera humus bwino, kenako madzi ndi mawerengedwe a madzi okwanira 1 litre pa chitsamba 1.
Musaiwale za chisamaliro choyenera
- Kuthirira
- Belt girter
- Mulching
- Kudulira
- Chitetezo cha matenda
Matendawa amachititsa kuti chinyezi chisamangidwe komanso chilala. Choncho kuthirira tchire sikuyenera kukhala kochepa, koma ndi madzi ambiri.
Mukangofika pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kuyimitsa masiku khumi. Ndiye mumayenera kudzaza kusowa kwa madzi pansi pansi masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Pafupifupi malita 10 a madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsamba chimodzi. Madzi ayenera kutsanulidwa pamtunda, kuti madzi asapulumuke kapena kukolola kotere.
Mbatata baka alibe okwanira chinyezi, ngati masamba zowola pakhosi, kugwa maluwa kapena losunga mazira.
Ngati mukukula tomato, ndiye kuti safunikira kumangiriza. Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili pamwamba, garter ndi yodalirika.
Pofuna kumangiriza tchire, mutabzala kuchokera kumpoto kwa chitsamba, muyenera kuyendetsa mtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pamtengowo. Kuphatikiza pamtengo, mungagwiritse ntchito manda wapadera kapena trellis. Muyenera kumanga zinthu zofewa kuti pasakhale kuwonongeka kwa makina pa tsinde.
Mukhoza kumangirira osati zimangowonongeka chabe, komanso kumathamanga ndi zipatso, monga momwe zingathetsere pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso.
Kuti madzi asungidwe nthawi yaitali, nthaka yozungulira tchire ili ndi mulch. Monga chofunikirako mungagwiritse ntchito peat, manyowa ovunda. Koma mulch wa tomato wabwino kwambiri adzadulidwa udzu.
Kudulira mu tomato amatchedwa pasynkovaniem. Njirayi ndi kuchotsa mbali yomwe ikukwera pa tchire (ana opeza). Pamene mbaliyo imakula imakula mpaka mamita 4 mpaka 6, ndiye inali nthawi yakuchotsa.
Ndibwino kuti muwachotse iwo, osati kuti awathetse, ndipo tsatanetsatane ayenera kukhala pamalo a kutali, omwe adzauma. Choncho, ndi bwino kuchotsa ana opeza m'mawa. Pamene tchire ukuyamba pachimake, muyenera kuchotsa masamba, omwe ali pansi pa mlingo wa fruiting brushes.
Cholinga chachikulu cha kudulira ndiko kuchotsa katundu wambiri pa tsinde, chifukwa mphukira zowonjezerazi ndi masamba amachotsa madzi amchere kuchokera ku maburashi ndi zipatso.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a phwetekere ndi ochedwa kwambiri.
Choyamba, bowa limapatsira masamba, kenako chipatsocho. Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, mukhoza kutaya zoposa theka la mbewu. Monga mankhwala, mungagwiritse ntchito yankho la adyo (0,2 makilogalamu a adyoyi mu ndowa), zomwe muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito tsiku.
Processing ayenera kugonjetsedwa ndi tchire, ndi zipatso. Koma mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi fungicides. Iwo akhoza kuthana osati mkulu wokwera baka, komanso mbande. Kuwonjezera pa phytophthora, tomato ikhoza kuwononga ndi kuvunda. Matendawa angasokoneze kukoma ndi zipatso zokha.
Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kusamala tchire, pangani calcium nitrate (50 g pa 1 sq. M.) ndi kumasula nthaka bwino.
