Hoya ndi chomera chokongola chachikale kuchokera kubanja la Kutrovy. Imayimiriridwa ndi mipesa ndi zitsamba zosinthika. Nthawi zambiri, hoya amasankha mtengo wolimba kuti uthandizike. Masamba abwino, zimayambira komanso miyala ya mbewuyi imakutidwa ndi khungu losalala, lonyezimira, ngati sera. Chifukwa chake, hoya amatchedwa "wax ivy." Kwawo ndi nkhalango zowala za East Asia, Polynesia ndi Western Australia. Pakutha kwa zaka za XVIII. mbewuyo idapita ku Europe, pomwe idafalikira ku malo osungirako nyama ndi malo obiriwira. Masiku ano, liana limamera m'nyumba zambiri chifukwa cha masamba okongola ndi maluwa okhala ndi fungo labwino ngati zonunkhira.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Hoya ndi mpesa wosatha wobiriwira kapena shrub wokhala ndi mphukira zosinthika. Kutalika kwa timitengo titha kufika pa mamilimita 10. Choyamba, pamwamba pamtunda mulibe, wokutidwa ndi khungu losalala la bulauni, ndipo pakapita nthawi imasanduka yobiriwira ndikusiya masamba. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira, mizu ya mpweya imawonekera m'malo. Pambuyo pake, tsinde limalemekezedwa.
Kutali konse kwa mphukira ndi masamba osakhwima okhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka. Amakhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale pafupi ndi mankhwala. Pamwambapa masamba ake amakhala onyezimira, pang'ono ndi pang'ono amakhala osalala. Mbale imangowonda pang'ono ndi zaka. Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi 5-8 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 3-5 cm.
Hoya limamasula mu June ndipo limatha mpaka Okutobala. Zimachitika ngati mafunde. Mzungu wopatula umatenga milungu itatu. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa pamtengo wapadera wa maluwa wopanda masamba. Maluwa okongola okongola awiriwa amatengedwa mu ma ambulera wandiweyani kapena ozungulira. Corolla imakhala ndi mafupipafupi 5 okhala ndi m'mphepete. Pakatikati pake pali korona yaying'ono wa anthers wophatikizidwa. Duwa lililonse limafanana ndi nyenyezi yaying'ono yopanga ndi masentimita 1-2. Mtundu wake ndi woyera, wofiirira, wofiyira kapena wowawasa. Chisoti chachifumu nthawi zambiri chimasiyananso ndi mawu kapena matalikidwe ndi mafotokozedwe.
Maluwa a Hoya amatulutsa fungo labwino kwambiri. Amapangidwa kuti azikopa tizilombo. Amapanganso timadzi tokoma tambiri, timene timasonkhana m'madontho akuthwa. Maluwa ataphukira, mphukira sungachotseke, chifukwa imakula ndikuthimba masamba atsopano.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Mitundu ya hoya imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 50 ya mbewu. Mu chikhalidwe, gawo lokha lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Meaty hoya (carnosa). Liana lozungulika, lokhazikika, limakula mpaka mamita 6. Imayenda m'mphepete mwa zotsalira zapafupi. Pa yakucha zobiriwira zimayambira, masamba owonda amtundu wakuda bii. Maambulera inflorescence a masamba a 10-15 amatulutsa masamba osalala kwambiri. Maluwa okhala ndi nyenyezi amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu ndipo amapaka utoto woyera kapena wapinki. Korona ndi wakuda, vinyo ndi wofiyira. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Okutobala ndipo amathanso kubwereza katatu pachaka. Zosiyanasiyana:
- variegate - tsamba lobiriwira lakuda limalumikizidwa ndi Mzere wa kirimu wosagwirizana;
- tricolor - madontho a pinki ndi zonona amapezeka pamasamba obiriwira amdima;
- compacta - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi masamba yaying'ono pansi momwe mawonekedwe a marble amawonekera;
- minibel - Masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi madontho owala amakula mpaka 19c kutalika ndi 2 cm, ndipo pamwamba pake maambulera a maluwa 20 okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 18 mm amawonekera. Ma corollas a ubweya wa pinki amakongoletsedwa ndi korona Woyera wowala wokhala ndi kadontho kofiyira pakati.
Hoya wokongola (bella). Mphukira zosinthika zimapanga chitsamba chobisalira, koma popanda kuthandizira sichitha kukopa. Udzu umamera pang'ono. Pakati pake pamtunda wamtambo wa ma multifloral inflorescence pachimake. Maluwa oyera, kirimu kapena pinki amtundu woyenera amaphatikizana ndi ma petals omwe amawombedwa mkatikati ndi korona wosiyana pakati.
Hoya multiflora (multiflora). Wamphesa wokutidwa ndi masamba ocheperako a mtundu umodzi. Pa iye, wandiweyani, osiyanasiyana maluwa inflorescence pachimake. Maluwa a maluwa aliwonse amawerama kumbuyo. Pakati pali arcuate spurs. Mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yoyera, kirimu ndi chikasu.
Concave Hoya (lacunosa). Chomera chamtundu wa Epiphytic chomwe chimasinthasintha chimapanga masamba okongola a masamba obiriwira obiriwira ngati mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 6. Mphepete timakutidwa mkati. Maluwa oyera oyera kapena zonona amasonkhana maambulera owala. Maphandawo amakutidwa ndi villi yayikulu ndikugwada mpaka pakatikati, ndikupangitsa kuti bwaloli lizikhala ngati mpira wopepuka. Zosiyanasiyana:
- popsicle - masamba adakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe owala a nsangalabwi, ndipo maluwa mu mawonekedwe a mipira yoyera fluffy amavala chisoti chachifumu chaching'ono;
- tova - kumera masamba obiriwira.
Hoya Kerry. Zopindika zosachedwa kukongoletsedwa ndizokongoletsedwa ndi masamba okomedwa ndi mtima. Maluwawo amakhala ndi miyala ya kirimu ya pubescent ndi korona wofiyira kapena wapinki, pomwe ma dontho amkati amdima amakhala. Amasonkhanitsidwa maambulera momwe amapangira gawo la ma 15-25.
Hoya Calistafilla. Mitengo yake yayitali ndikuphimba ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mitsempha yamdima. Kutalika kwa masambawo ndi masentimita 15-16, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 71. Maambulera amakhala ndi maluwa 15-20 okhala ndi mainchesi a 5-10 mm. Mafuta amtundu wachikasu azungulira korona woyera.
Hoya Kumingiata. Mpesa wakuthupi wokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati mazira obiriwira bwino m'chilimwe umakutidwa ndi maambulera achikasu achikasu okhala ndi nduwira za maroon.
Hoya pentaflebia. Nthambi zosinthika, zopindika zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira owala mpaka 16 cm. Mitsempha isanu yonyansa ikuwonekera bwino pa masamba. Ma ambulansi okhala ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu okhala ndi korona yoyera.
Hoya gracilis. Masamba ovunda mpaka 6 masentimita amamera pazomera zowonda. M'chilimwe, maambulera athyathyathya omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ofunikira a pinki amatuluka pamiyala. Korona wakuda amakutidwa ndi mawanga achikaso.
Hoya adafalitsa. Mpesa womwe umakula mwachangu ndi masamba opyapyala, osungunula umasungunula ma ambulera amtundu wa hemisphe ndi maluwa apinki. Mitundu yasiliva ya Pink Pink imasiyanitsidwa ndi malire ochepa siliva wozungulira m'mphepete mwa miyala.
Hoya Macrophyll. Mpesa waukulu wokhala ndi zipatso zabwino umakutidwa ndi masamba osiyanasiyanaku amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mphepo zowala pakati zimawonekera pobiriwira. Maambulera ozungulira amapanga maluwa okongola a pinki okhala ndi korona wofiirira kapena oyera.
Hoya Mindorensis. Liana adakutidwa ndi masamba owuma amkaka kutalika kwa 11 cm.Mthunzithunzi amapaka utoto wobiriwira, ndipo padzuwa amatembenuka ofiira. Maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala ndi masamba am'madzi amadzisonkhanitsa pamodzi.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, hoya umafalitsidwa. Kwa izi, kudula apical ndi masamba pafupifupi 8-10 cm mumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo pansi limathandizidwa ndi "Kornevin" ndikuyika mu kapu ndi madzi kapena kuyikidwa koyambirira m'nthaka ya mchenga-peat. Pamwamba muyenera kuphimba phesi ndi filimu kapena galasi. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya ndi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Njirayi imatenga masiku 10-15. Zitatha izi, phesi limabzalidwa mumphika wocheperako ndi dothi lazomera zazikulu.
Popeza mizu ya mlengalenga imapangidwa nthawi zambiri, hoya imatha kufalikira ndi kuyala. Kuti muchite izi, timabowo tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa pa tsinde, kenako ndikumakankhidwa mu dothi kapena bandeji yonyowa ndikukhazikika. Mizu yolimba ikapangidwa, mphukira imasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti maluwa adzachitika mochepera chaka chimodzi.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Poto yokhazikika imakonzedwa kubzala hoya. Panyumba, mbewuyo imayilidwa zaka 1-3 zilizonse. Korona akamakula mwachangu, thandizo lodalirika limafunikira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lotayirira, lokhala ndi madzi abwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Itha kupangidwa ndi:
- peat;
- moss sphagnum;
- perlite;
- nthaka yamaluwa.
Kuti mumasilira mitundu, mawonekedwe amasankhidwa molimba.
Kuwala Hoya amafunikira kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana. Adzakhala bwino kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo, komanso pakati pa chipinda chakumwera. Panthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kuti musasunthire mbewuyo. Ngakhale kutembenuza molowera kumayambitsa kuponya masamba.
Kutentha Duwa silimalola kutentha. M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala momasuka ku + 17 ... + 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kukonzanso chomera m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Zojambula ndi kuzizira pang'ono zimakhudza maonekedwe, monga masamba amatsika.
Chinyezi. Hoya amasinthana bwino ndi chinyezi wamba mchipindacho, koma poyamikira amayankha kupopera ndi kusamba pafupipafupi. Mukamasuka, pewani njira zamadzi. Masamba a wax amayenera kutsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kufumbi.
Kuthirira. Madzi sayenera kuzimiririka mumphika, komabe, kuyanika dothi ndi kosafunika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira nthaka ndi madzi ofewa, osakhazikika 1-2 pa sabata.
Feteleza. Kawiri pamwezi, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala, hoya amadyetsedwa ndi mchere wadziko lonse. Njira yothirayo imathiridwa mu dothi patali ndi mizu.
Mapangidwe a Korona. Mpesa wautali kapena chitsamba chanthete chimafunika kuthandizidwa. Pa mphukira zosinthika, mphete, mphete kapena zingwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muthanso kulola kuti zingwe zazitali zizingoloweka pamphika. Kuti muthambi nthambi, pindani malangizowo.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Hoya amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake, matenda a chomera samakhudzidwa. Pangotha zakale zokha pomwe bowa amakhazikika pomwepo.
M'masiku otentha, mu mpweya wouma, mbewu zimatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo (ma kangaude wofiyira, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, nematode, mealybug). M'pofunika kuchiza zimayambira ndi nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuthawa kuchokera ku nematode. Nthawi zambiri zodulidwa kuchokera kumitundu yathanzi ya mbewu zimadulidwa, ndipo mphukira zotsalazo zimawonongeka. Nthaka ndi mphika zimasilidwa asanabzalidwe.
Mavuto angapo amatha kutha posintha chisamaliro cha hoya. Mabala pamasamba amawoneka ngati palibe, ndipo nthawi zina kuwala kowonjezera. Kukula pang'onopang'ono, masamba owonda komanso opanda mphamvu akuwonetsa kusowa kwa feteleza. Masamba akasanduka achikasu, chipindacho ndichotentha kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, masamba a hoya amatulutsa pafupipafupi komanso mopanda kuchita khama, koma ngati izi sizingachitike, muyenera kukonza chisamaliro chomera. Afunika kunyamula mphika womata bwino. Zima nyengo yozizira iyenera kukhala yozizira. Kusamba kosangalatsa ndi kumiza kwa mphika m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 1.5-2 kumathandizira kupangitsa budding. Masamba atawonekera, simungathe kusuntha.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Pali nthano zambiri zotsutsana pafupi ndi iv ivy omwe wamaluwa ambiri amafunsa: kodi ndizotheka kusunga hoya kunyumba? Ena amati zimabzala. Amati hoya amapulumuka kunyumba ya akulu akulu (amuna ndi ana). Komabe, palibe umboni pa izi. Pali chikhulupiriro chosiyana. Monga kuti mulimbikitse mabanja, duwa liyenera kusungidwa kuchipinda chogona.
Ngakhale zili choncho, chomera chachilendochi chokhala ndi msipu wowala bwino komanso maluwa onunkhira osafunikira amayenera chisamaliro. Ngati kusinkhasinkha kumasangalatsa eni akewo ndikupangitsa moyo wawo kukhala wabwino, bwanji osayikira hoya pawindo?
