Ratibida ndi mtengo waukulu wamaluwa wokhala ndi ma inflorescence ochititsa chidwi, omwe umatchedwa chipewa cha Mexico kapena Sombrero. Kuwala kwa North America kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Canada kumadziwika kuti kwawo ndi kwawo, komanso zimakhazikika mu nyengo yathu. Agulugufe okondedwa ndi makadi amakongoletsa mundawo ndi mitundu yowala ndikuwadzaza ndi fungo lapadera.
Kufotokozera
Chomera chamuyaya chimakhala ndi kutalika kamodzi kapena zingapo zowongoka mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 120. Mizu yamphamvu yolimba imatha kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera pansi panthaka, chifukwa mbewuyo imakhala m'malo dzuwa ndi louma. Kuthengo, imapezeka kumapiri, m'mbali mwa msewu, kapena m'malo otetezeka.
Udzu wobiriwira, imvi, masamba komanso magawo. Kutalika kwambale zamasamba kumayambira 3 mpaka 12 cm. Maluwa amatenga nthawi yayitali mkati mwa Julayi ndipo amasangalatsa wamaluwa mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Duwa limakhala ndi gawo la masentimita kapena lotalika masentimita atatu.Munsi yakumbuyo, pakati pake limapangidwa ndi matumba opendekera ofunda ozungulira masentimita 1-3. Mwachilengedwe, mutha kupeza mbewu zokhala ndi miyala yachikasu kapena burgundy, komanso mitundu yosakanikirana.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya ratibida:
- mzati;
- ndudu.
Ratibida Colony
Imasiyana m'maluwa akuluakulu mpaka masentimita 8 okhala ndi maziko otchulidwa mumtambo. Pakatikati pake pamakhala maluwa ambiri obiriwira omwe amagwera pomwe mbewu zimaphuka ndikucha. Burgundy, chikasu, malalanje nthawi zina amakhala ndi malire achikasu. Nthawi zambiri limamasula mchaka chachiwiri pambuyo pofesa mbewu. Mu Okutobala, mu maluwa aliwonse, bokosi lomwe limakhala ndi masamba okhazikika. Zimayambira ndimatanda molunjika, kakula chitsamba chaching'ono kuchokera kumizu imodzi.
Cirrus Ratibida
Imakhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka masamba a masamba. Amakhala lanceolate kapena cirrus, odala pang'ono. Udzu umakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino mukapukutira. Reed pamakhala, tinalozera, utoto wachikasu. Pakatikati sipakakwezeka pang'ono, kuzunguliridwa.
Kuswana
Izi osatha akhoza zimafalitsa ndi kudula kapena kufesa mbewu. Samakula kwa nthawi yayitali, zaka 4-5 zokha. Mwamwayi, mtengowo umadzipatsa tokha zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizenso.
Zofesedwa ndi mbewu, kufesa mbande kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa February, kuti ratibida imaphuka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mbewu zimasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala, pomwe mabokosi a cone ali owuma kwathunthu komanso oderako.
Asanafesere, mbewu zimasungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi kuzizira (+ 5 ... + 7 ° C), ndiye kuti stratization wozizira umachitika. Kenako zimafesedwa mu gawo lopukutidwa ndi acidity yachilendo ndikuyiyika pawindo lowundira ndi kutentha kwa + 20-25 ° C. Pofuna kuti chinyezi chisatulutse, kuphimba mapoto kapena bokosi ndi filimu.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mphukira zochezeka zimawonekera, zomwe zimayenda pansi ndikuzisintha ndikuzisunga mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe awiri masamba owona. Mbande yolimba imasinthidwa kupita kumalo abwino kapena wowonjezera kutentha kwa masiku 10-15 lisanayambike kutentha kosatha. Pakati pa Meyi, ratibida imabzalidwe pamalo otseguka, kusunga mtunda pakati pa mbeu 20-25 cm.
M'malo otentha, mutha kubzala ratibida nthawi yomweyo panja. Amachita izi molawirira, kumwera - kumapeto kwa February, komanso kumpoto - mu Marichi. Dziko lapansi limakumbidwa mosamala ndikuzikhomera. Kutali kwa 30 cm kupangira timitengo ting'onoting'ono, kuya masentimita awiri.Pamera, mbande zimadulidwa m'malo owala kwambiri.
Mutha kufalitsa mbewu pofika zaka zitatu ndi theka pogawa chitsamba, koma njirayi ndiyovuta chifukwa cha mtundu wa ndodo.
Kusamalira Akuluakulu
Ratibida amakonda dothi losaloledwa kapena lamchere. Nthaka kapena dongo loumbika ndi laimu lomwe limawonjezerako ndi loyenerera. Ndikofunikanso kupatsa mbewuyo ngalande yabwino komanso kupewa madzi osayenda. M'mundamo, malo osungirako dzuwa kapena mthunzi pang'ono amasankhidwira iye. Mtengowo umalekerera chilala ndi chisanu bwino, kotero kuthirira ndikofunikira kokha pakatentha kwambiri, nyengo yochepa. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mizu sifunikira pogona, ndipo mbewu zitha kufesedwa ngakhale panthaka yozizira.
Ratibida ndi wopanda ulemu ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera, amaperekedwa bwino ndi kavalidwe kapamwamba. Ndi zochulukirapo zama feteleza, msipu wa masamba ndi kuchepa kwamaluwa ndizotheka. Amalandira zinthu zonse zofunikira kuchokera pansi pake lapansi chifukwa cha phwete.
Chomera chimakalamba mwachangu, cholimba pambuyo pa zaka 4-5 chimataya kukopa. Kuti musinthanenso tchire, gwiritsani ntchito mbande zatsopano kapena nthawi zambiri gawanani ndikuzulani.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Ratibida amayenda bwino ndi mbewu zina zamaluwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu rabatki, maluwa akulu, chokongoletsera ma hedge ndi kukongoletsa kwa nyumba zosagwira. Nthawi yamaluwa, imakopa tizilombo. Maluwa pazomera zazitali ndizoyenera kupanga maluwa ndi kuyanika. Maluwa odulidwa adzajambulidwa pachifuwa kwa masiku 7-10.
