Momwe mungapangire malo opanda pake kunyumba ndi manja anu. Mitundu ya malo osawona

Gulu la akhungu lozungulira nyumba silikanatchedwa ntchito yovuta kwambiri yomanga, koma izi, nkhani yosavuta, ili ndi zizindikiro zake. Tiyeni tipeze chifukwa chake tikusowa kuwonjezereka kotere, ndi mtundu wake wotani komanso momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito molondola.

Kodi malo osayang'ana ndi chiyani?

Malo opunduka - Kuphimba madzi, kumapangidwa ngati konkire kapena tepi yozungulira yomwe imayendayenda panyumba. Mkanda wotetezera wotere umayamba kuchokera kumakoma a nyumbayo ndipo umadutsa pansi kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndikugwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• amalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mphamvu zotupa pansi chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa madzi omwe alowa pansi pa maziko (ngati mphamvu zoterezi zikugawidwa mopanda mbali kumbali zonse za mazikowo, mapangidwe ake amayamba kufalikira pansi, zomwe zimawoneka ming'alu yowonongeka kwa nyumba);
• kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi otsika kuchokera pamwamba pa mbali za maziko, zomwe zingayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa nyumba (katundu wa matani 5-7 akhoza kukhudza mita imodzi ya khoma);
• kumachepetsa chinyezi cha nthaka mozungulira pafupi ndi maziko a nyumba (popanda kutsekeka bwino kwa maziko ndi chinyezi champhamvu cha nthaka, chinyezi chingalowe m'chipinda chapansi);
• amagwira ntchito ngati msewu, komwe anthu amakhala okonzeka kuyenda mozungulira nyumba;
• Zimapangitsa kukongoletsera ndi malo abwino kwambiri a malowa, makamaka ngati malo osaona amagwirizana bwino ndi zokongoletsera za nyumbayo.

Video: Udindo wa malo osayeruzika omanga nyumba

Malo opunduka

Kuphatikiza kwa dongosololi kumayankhidwa sikusankhidwa ndi zokonda zanu zokha, komanso kuganizira zina, zofunika kwambiri, zifukwa. Choyamba, nkofunikira kudziwa mphamvu ya subsidence ya nthaka pa nthaka yomwe ilipo..

Ndikofunikira! Ngakhalenso zakuthupi zapamwamba pa zomangamanga zotere sizidzatha kugwira ntchitoyi ngati simutsatira malamulo ake. Kuonjezera apo, ngati simungathe kuikapo malo, malo osaona omwewo adzawonongedwa.

Mwachitsanzo, dothi ndi dothi la mchenga zimapitilira nthawi zambiri kuposa nthaka yachonde kapena yowonjezera, kotero ngati nkotheka, muyenera kudziwa molondola.

Malingana ndi mayeso a ma laboratory, dothi lonse lingagawidwe mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Kuchokera kwa kulemera kwake kwa dziko lapansi kulibe konse kapena kulibe masentimita asanu (akhoza kuchitika makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja);
• chiwonongeko n'chotheka osati kokha chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja, komanso chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa nthaka, ndipo mlingo wake umadutsa 5 masentimita.

Kwa dothi la mtundu woyamba, chiwerengero cha "njira" yoyenera bwino sichiyenera kukhala pansi pa 1.5 mamita, ndipo ngati nyumbayo ili ndi zosakaniza zadothi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuwonjezerapo mpaka 2 mamita.

Kuonjezera apo, pomanga nyumba kumalo osungirako malo, ndikofunika kukwaniritsa gawo la maziko awa ndikuonetsetsa kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apangidwe. Pofuna kukonza malo osabisa pa dothi lodzala bwino, chiwerengero chake chocheperachepera chingakhale cha 0.8-1.0 m, koma chikhale chokwera pamwamba pa denga ndi 30-40 cm pamwamba pa makoma.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muphunzire momwe mungagwirire denga ndi mapulitsi.

Malo oyenera a malo osawona amadziwika kuchokera ku khoma la nyumba mothandizidwa ndi tepiyi, ndipo ngati mukufuna kukonzekera njirayo, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwonjezera masentimita makumi angapo mpaka kufupi ndi chiwerengero chanu.

Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti sizingakhale bwino kuyenda pamtunda wa masentimita 80. Pa mtunda woyenerera ndikofunikira kuti mumangirire zingwezo ndi kuzilumikiza ndi chingwe kapena ulusi wandiweyani, zomwe zingakupangitseni kukumba mosamala gawo lomwe mukufuna, popanda kuwononga mphamvu zowonjezera.

Kutsetsereka

Chikhalidwe ichi chimadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa machitidwe a malo osawona potsata chitetezo. Motero, kusakwanira kokwanira kumathandiza kuti madzi asamakhale ochepa kuchokera ku maziko, omwe pamapeto pake amatsogolera kuwonongedwa.

Ndi kusankha koyenera, zingatheke kuti chitetezo chitheke mwamsanga, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zakuthupi..

Mtsetsereka wa pamtunda umatsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yomwe amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndipo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 1.5-2% mwa malo onse akhungu, omwe ali ndi mawu a digito ali ofanana 15-20 mm pa mita yonse. Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira izi m'njira zingapo:

• mwa kupanga njira yoyenera ya chikoka cha ukonde pa sitepe yoyamba ya yomanga khungu;
• kupanga malo otsetsereka apamwamba ndi kusagwirana ntchito kwake kosagwiritsidwa ntchito: nthawi zonse zimakhala zazikulu pa khoma lakunja la nyumbayi, koma laling'ono kuchokera kumbali inayo.

Mukudziwa? Masiku ano, ku China kuli malo ambiri omwe ali ogwirizana ndi mizinda ina ku Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, kutali ndi Shanghai (pafupifupi 30 km) mukhoza kuyenda mumzinda wa Germany, womwe uli ndi nyumba, nyali komanso zipilala zofanana ndi Schiller ndi Goethe, ndipo mzinda wa Chengdu pankhaniyi umakhala wofanana ndi Dorchester ku England.

Kutentha

Ndizomveka kutentha malo osaona ngati ali pafupi ndi nyumba yotentha. Ku nyumba zazing'ono ndi pafupi ndi nyumba zina zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo zokhalamo zimakhala zochepa kapena zopanda phindu.

Kutsekemera kwa malo osayerako kuli ndi ubwino wambiri:

• kumachepetsa mwayi wa dothi lozizira komanso nyengo yozizira;
• kuchepetsa ndalama zakuthupi pofuna kutentha kwapakhomo;
• kumachepetsa kutalika ndi mtengo wa maziko, koma pokhapokha ngati atagona malo osawona pa kapangidwe ka nyumbayo (kuya kwake kwa maziko kumawerengedwa kuchokera ku kuchepetsa zinthu);
• amatha kumaliza chipinda chapansi.

Kuthamanga kwa poizoni polystyrene kapena poizoni ya polyurethane ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zokopa..

Kutalika kwa kutentha kotereku pa dothi lokhala bwino pakati pa gulu liyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50 mm. Kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa makulidwe a malo osawona kumachitika malinga ndi nyengo yapadera ya dera linalake.

Mitundu yosabisala pakhomo

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ya anthu osawona, ndipo pamene eni eni nyumba akusankha zosavuta komanso zogwiritsira ntchito konkire, ina imakhala yofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe okometsera otetezera, chifukwa cha chisankhocho chimagwera pa slabs kapena pazinthu zina. Talingalirani aliyense wa iwo mwatcheru.

Kuchokera ku konkire

Konkire imaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zotetezeka komanso zotchipa kwambiri zomanga malo osawona., pambali pake, imapereka madzi okwanira okwanira ofufuza.

Kuti mupeze miyala yapamwamba yokhala ndi konkire, zowonongeka ziyenera kukhala pafupi masentimita 7 mpaka 10 ndipo zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zipangizo za kalasi B15 kapena kuposa.. Chofunika kwambiri ndicho kukhala wolekanitsidwa ndi khoma pogwiritsa ntchito msoko wopereka malipiro, kuphatikizapo kupatukana ndi maulendo a mamita 6.

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kukongoletsa konkire ndi miyala, pogwiritsa ntchito mwaichi, mwala, ndi miyala yozungulira pafupifupi 1-2 masentimita. Miyala ikhoza kuponyedwa popanda kuyankhulana wina ndi mzake, kapena mwamphamvu kwambiri konkire yokhayo mu ntchito ya binder imakhala pakati pawo. Kawirikawiri, malo ogona a konkire amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumanga kumidzi, ndipo pomanga nyumba yaumwini akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtengo wapatali komanso zodalirika, zomwe ziri zomveka bwino, kupatsidwa kuipa kwa miyala ya konkire. Choyamba, zimaphatikizapo:

• kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zokhudzana ndi kusanganikirana konkire (nthawi zonse, konki yosakaniza);
• nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zopangira khungu (konkire imatha kufika pamtunda wake pokhapokha patatha masabata anai, ndipo ndikofunikira kuikiritsa kwa theka la nthawiyi maola awiri ndi awiri);
• kuthekera kwa kuphulika pamwamba;
• Njira zochepa zowonjezera kayendedwe ka ngalande komanso kayendedwe ka mphepo yamkuntho (pofuna kuganizira kapena kukonzanso, muyenera kuchotsa chovalacho ndikusintha).

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungamangire mapangidwe a maziko a mpanda, momwe mungatambasulire mpanda kuchoka kumtunda wa unyolo, ndi momwe mungapangire mpanda kuchoka ku gabions.

Kuchokera ku dongo

Malo opusa akhungu - choyamba chotetezera choterechi, chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi agogo athu. Ichi ndi chofunda chodziletsa madzi omwe amatha kuteteza maziko kuchokera mvula, osasowa nthawi yambiri yopanga tepi yotetezera.

Maonekedwe a malo akhungu amenewa ayenera kuchepetsedwa kupita kunja, ndiko kuti, kuchokera pakhoma. Pofuna kulimbitsa dongo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali, chifukwa chophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizikuteteza njirayo kuchokera kumadzi, komanso zimapangitsa kuti zonsezi zikhale zolimba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, dothi lopaka dothi lingathe kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira khumi ndi ziwiri, ndithudi, ngati silikupezeka pansi pamadzi, pang'onopang'ono kutsuka mfundoyi.

Zina mwa zovuta zadothi ndi dothi ndizotheka kubzala chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa madzi (makamaka zosafunika kuti zisawonongeke), ndipo maziko ofooka sangathe kulimbana ndi kupanikizika kotero, ndipo nyumba iyamba kuyamba, kupanga ming'alu.

Wofewa kapena womasuka

Ngati dothi lozungulira nyumba limachotsa madzi bwino, ndiye kuti zipangizo zotchuka ngati miyala ndi miyala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzekera malo osaona.. Ndizosavuta kuika "njira" yambiri, ngakhale m'tsogolomu kumbuyo kwazomwe mungasamalire (mwachitsanzo, kuyeretsa kukonzanso).

Zida zazitsulo "zofewa" za chipangizo

Ubwino wa phokoso lofewa ndi ofanana ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, wokhoza kukhazikitsa, zosatheka kukasintha ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa malo osamukira nthaka, komanso zovuta zowonetsa udzu wochotsa namsongole ndikukonzekera bwino kusanjikiza komweko, komwe, ngati palibe kusowa kwakukulu, sikuwoneka ngati zowopsya kale.

Tikupempha kuti tiphunzire momwe tingachotsere namsongole m'munda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti herbicide ziwathandize kuchotsa iwo, chida chotani chosankha kuchotsa namsongole ku mizu, komanso udzu umene udzu udzathandizira kuwononga namsongole.

Ngati mukufuna, malo amdima akhungu akhoza kutenthedwa., atayika pa nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthaka yozembera extruded polystyrene thovu 50 mm wakuda. Kachilombo kamene kamakhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kwambiri imatsanulidwira pamwamba pake, ndipo miyala kapena miyala yonyamulira ikhoza kuikidwapo bwinobwino. Zoona, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithandizo choterocho chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka anthu kaŵirikaŵiri n'kosafunika kwambiri.

Yachotsedwa

Mipukutu yopangira miyala ndi miyala yowonjezera inali yosungiramo malo opunduka, ngakhale kuti mchenga, granite ndi quartzite ndizozidziwika bwino. Pakhoma la nyumbayi ndilokhazikika ndipo lili ndi zokongoletsa kwambiri., kuwonjezera pa zomwe zingatheke kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse kuti ayende mozungulira nyumbayo.

Ndikofunikira! Malo okhudzidwa akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala pansi, omwe angatsimikizire kuti ntchito yake yayitali.

Zowononga zojambula zimaphatikizapo ndalama zamtengo wapatali (poyerekeza ndi matembenuzidwe apitalo) ndi nthawi ya kuikapo.

Malo opunduka ndi manja ake

Malo amtundu uliwonse omwe amachititsa khungu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse mudzafunikira zipangizo monga fosholo, katatu, tepi, zikhomo ndi mapulaneti, nyundo yampira (malinga ndi matayala), mlingo, mphamvu yokonza konkire.

Kuonjezerapo, mudzafunikanso kugula zinthu zokwanira zosankhidwa. Ngati ili ndi miyala kapena piritsi, pangani kutsimikizira kuti mtundu wake umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa nyumbayo.

Werengani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito msewu popunthira nkhuni ndi manja anu, pendani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambula, kuyika mafelemu a zowonjezera m'nyengo yozizira, ndi kumanga veranda.

Malo osawona, opangidwa ndi matayala ang'onoang'ono, amawoneka okongola, koma malo ake adzalandira nthawi yochulukirapo, komanso kuwonjezera pazomwe zili pansipa, muyenera kugula madzi osungunuka (mwachitsanzo, makulidwe akuluakulu a polyethylene), curbs, mchenga, ndi simenti. Pamaso pa zitsamba, ndibwino kuti mwamsanga mugule osonkhanitsa ndi mapaipi.

Pokonzekera zipangizo zonse zofunika, mungathe kupitako mwakonzedwe ka malo osawonawo, momwe mungayang'anire mosiyana.

Kuchokera ku konkire

Kupanga maziko a konkire kuzungulira pakhomo la nyumba kungatchedwe kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosavuta kwambiri za malo osawona, ndipo zonse zomwe zikufunikira ndikutsata njira zonsezi:

1. Poyambira, nkofunikira kuwerengera kukula kwa kapangidwe kawo, poganizira zonse zigawo. M'tsogolomu, izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mudziwe ngalande yomwe mukufuna kuimirira mozungulira maziko a nyumbayo.
2. Ndiye kutalika kwa chiyero kumayesedwa.. Kuchuluka kwa malo osawona nthawi zambiri kumakhala 90-100 cm, kotero malo otsetsereka a konkirewa amawerengedwa pamtunda wa 3-5% (poona kuti ndizofala kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa 5% pa zipangizo zopangira, kuti asasokonezeke, ndi bwino kuganizira pa chiwerengerochi).
3. Kuyika pamapangidwe kapalasi kumayenera kusamukira kumalo otseguka., kutchula malire a zomangamanga zonse ndi zikhomo, ndi chingwe chitambasulidwa pakati pawo.
4. Gawo lotsatira - bungwe la ngalande. Chitsulo chimakumbidwa pamalo omwe amasonyezedwa, poganizira kukula kwake konse kumayambiriro (kukula kwathunthu kumadalira kukula kwake kwa zigawo zonse). Kulemba ngalande pansi pa malo osawona
5. Musaiwale za kukakamizidwa koyenera ku nthaka pansi ndikupanga nyumba ya dothizomwe zidzatetezeranso malo osaona kuchokera ku chinyezi chokwanira.
6. Nthawi yofunika - bungwe la mchenga wamchenga, kuti agwire ntchito zitatu panthawi imodzi: m'malo mwa nthaka yozembera, ikani maziko a malo osabisa amtsogolo, m'malo mwake muike malo osanjikiza. Kuti tipeze bwino kwambiri, ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito mchenga kapena mchenga wokhazikika, ndikuyiika pamtunda wokhala ndi mamita 200 mmmunda pamalo omwe ali ndi dothi lolimba ndi 500 mm mmadera omwe muli osakhazikika. Mtsitsi wa mchenga pansi pa malo osawona
7. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi kudzazidwa kwa ming'alu, yomwe imagwira ntchito mofanana ndi mchenga.. Kuwonjezera pa miyala yambiri, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito miyala kapena mchenga ndi miyala. Mulimonsemo, chingwe choterechi chidzawonjezera mphamvu za nthaka ndi kudalirika kwa malo onse akhungu.
8. Pamene zigawo zonse zapamwamba zimatenga malo awo, mukhoza kupita ku chiwonetsero cha mawonekedwe. Mapiritsi okhala ndi makulidwe a 22-25 mm ndi ofunikira kuti asunge konki ya konkire mkati mwa malire. Pofuna kupulumutsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, pokhapokha ngati atayikidwa pansi pa nyumbayo, kupereka chofunikira choonjezera chophatikizana ndi makulidwe ake, chomwe chili chofunikira kuti zisawonongeke ndi kupunthwa kwa kapangidwe kake panthawi yopuma ndi maziko.
9. Pambuyo pa zojambulazo muyenera kuzisunga meshomwe amachulukitsa mphamvu ya konkire ya bwalo. The bwino m'mimba mwake wa chimango ndi 10 mm. Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kulimbikitsa malo osaona
10. Pakati pa pansi pa chipinda chapansi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'mabotolo, kupereka mapangidwe a mapulogalamu (ngati kuti akudula webusaiti yopitirira mu magawo osiyana, ndi sitepe ya mamita awiri).
11. Ndipo pamapeto pake, gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera khungu konkire likutsanulira konkire.. Pachifukwa ichi, kusakaniza konkrete M300, komwe kumapereka mlingo woyenera wa mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lonse, ndi langwiro. Pa chipinda chilichonse pakati pa mapuritsi ophatikizirapo, kukhuta kumapangidwira pang'onopang'ono, pambuyo pake kusanjikiza kusindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madalaivala oyendayenda kapena kupota.
12. Mutathira kuthira konkire ndikutseka pamwambazomwe ziyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu zake. Chitsulo chachikulu

Mukudziwa? С древних времен человечеству известны целебные свойства глины, благодаря которым ее использовали не только в строительстве, но и в медицине, и даже в кулинарии. Так, на Руси разведенную водой глину употребляли внутрь для очистки организма от ядов, а голубую разновидность даже продавали за границу, меняя ее на золото.

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Из глины

Miyeso yambiri ya bungwe la akhungu ladothi ndi ofanana ndi zomwe zachitika kale, koma panopa pali kusiyana kwake. Zonsezi zimachitika motere:

1. Mofanana ndi bungwe la miyala ya konkire, choyamba, kuwerengera kwa khungu kumakhala kosavuta.Zowonongeka kwake zimatsimikiziridwa, deta yonse imatumizidwa kumalo ena (zigoba ndi chingwe chomwe chimatambasulidwa pakati pawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zizitchulidwe), ngalande ndi yokonzedwa, dothi laphwanyidwa, mchenga umatsanuliridwa, ndiyeno kutsitsa kumatsanuliridwa. Gulu la ngalande pansi pa khungu la dongo
2. Pambuyo pake, ndi nthawi yoika dothi lokhalokha, 100-150 mm ndi kuphatikiza kwake (ngati mutapanga bungwe la maziko, muli ndi dongo lapamwamba kwambiri ndi mphamvu zazikulu, ndiye mungagwiritse ntchito).
3. Pamapeto omanga dothi la akhungu, bungwe la zokongoletsera likuchitika., omwe miyala yokongoletsera kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali imadulidwa mu dongo. Potero, mumapeza zomangamanga komanso njira yoyendayenda panyumba. Gulu la kukongoletsera

Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zidutswa zadongo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana kwambiri, makamaka pafupi ndi makoma a nyumbayo. Ndi njira iyi yomwe mungathe kutetezera ku kutentha kwa nthaka ndi mphepo ndi madzi pansi, ngakhale kuti, pamapeto pake, ndi bwino kuti asayandikire pafupi ndi nthaka.

Wofewa kapena womasuka

Ambiri amalingalira kuti malo osowa kwambiri ndi osavuta kwambiri, omwe aliyense angathe kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiyomwe ikupezeka mosavuta komanso muzinthu zakuthupi, kotero zidzakhala zothandiza kuphunzira za magawo a bungwe lake:

1. Choyamba, kukumba ngalande pakhoma la nyumbayoamene kuya kwake kuyenera kufika mamita 0.5 m ndi m'lifupi mwake mamita 1. Kutsegula
2. Pansi pa ngalandeyi muike dothi lakuya la 10-15 cm, ndipo mfundoyi iyenera kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri ndipo ikhale yotsika kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi 5-6% kuchokera pakhomopo (yomwe ili ndi khungu lamkati, makomo ake akunja ayenera kukhala 5-6 masentimita pansi pa nyumba pafupi ndi maziko).
3. Zosankhidwa zosungira madzi zimayikidwa pa dongo wosanjikiza. (mwina ngakhale filimu yamba ya PVC). Ikhoza kuikidwa ngati m'lifupi la dongo, ndi kukonza tiyi yowonjezerapo, motero kumapanga mtunda wautali (miyala yabwino kapena miyala yoponderezedwa imatsanulira mumtunda wotsetsereka). Choncho, simungakwanitse kukwaniritsa madzi osokoneza, koma komanso kumalo osiyanasiyana a nyumbayo.
4. Kuika madzi okwanira pamwamba pa madzi osanjikiza., yomwe ingayimiridwe ndi mchenga wambiri wa miyala yamtengo wapatali wa masentimita 10-15.
5. Chotsatira chotsatira chimadzipukuta., koma kuti asalowe mu mchenga komanso osasakanikirana nawo, musanayambe kuikamo, mutseke mchenga ndi gotextile kapena zinthu zina zomwe ziri ndi makhalidwe omwewo komanso ntchito zomwezo. Zinthu zoterezi zingathandizenso kupeŵa kumera namsongole, omwe mbewu zake zilipo mchenga ndipo zimatha kutayika pakati pa ziphuphu.

Yachotsedwa

Gulu la khungu lamatabwa limaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochitika zofanana ndi zomwe zinachitika kale, kupatulapo magawo omalizira ndi zida zazogwiritsidwa ntchito (kawirikawiri amasankha kupanga pa slabs kapena mwala wokongoletsera).

Ndikofunikira! Choncho kuti matayiwo asasunthike pansi pamtunda, womwe umayenera kupezeka kumadera onse akhungu, umagonjetsedwa ndi mwala wonyamulira, ndipo pansi pake (pofuna kukhazikika bwino) loko la konkire limakonzedwa pa mchenga.

Njira yopanga malo osaona amenewa amapezeka motsatira izi:

1. Poyamba, kuzungulira nyumba nthawi zambiri amafukula mowa 30 cm chakuya ndi kugona ndi miyala yosanjikiza ndi dongo, zonse zimayenda bwino.
2. Kuika madzi osanjikiza kumayikidwa dongo tamped. (Filimu ya PVC kapena zinthu zam'mwamba). Kusunga madzi
3. Gawo lotsatirali - kuyala miyala yokhala pamtengoNdibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yonseyi mwa kukula kwake, kuti panthawi yopanga zingatheke kuphatikiza ziwalo zonse palimodzi.

Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti

Kuchokera komwe malo osawonawo sali ofunikira, madzi akumwa kuchokera ku maziko. Ngati mupanga konkire, ndiye kuti zofunikira zimakhala zofunikira, mwachitsanzo, ndimagwiritsa ntchito ma beacons, ndi masentimita 150, pomwe konkireyo idakonzedwa pamene ikutsanuliridwa. Mukhoza kuika miyala ndi miyala, mwachitsanzo, muzichita chimodzimodzi monga maziko. Koma izi ndizabwino, palibe kusiyana kulikonse m'mawu ogwira ntchito.

VampirVampirish

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Mavuto onse omwe ali ndi mbali zamakhungu amapezeka chifukwa chosowa mtendere komanso kusokoneza ntchito yopanga ntchito. Kukhazikika kwapansi kwa malo otsetsereka ndi zitsamba popanda kupundula kumapangitsa kuti pambuyo pake pang'onopang'ono kusagwedezeka, komwe kumayambitsa ming'alu ndi ming'alu m'malo osaona. Zonse zimatsutsana ndi zomwe ziri pansi pa keke yanu, i.e. Ndi kovuta kunena komwe madzi adzapita pamene atatha. Kuwonongeka ndi kuiwalika ndi malamulo onse a madzi a madzi kuchokera ku nyumba tsopano akusinthidwa ndi makonzedwe a mapaipi oterewa, omwe kwenikweni amachititsa mbali ya vutoli. Malo anu akhungu akhoza kugwira ntchito, koma kodi si kosavuta kuti mubwerere ku kasupe wamakono ndikungomangapo zitsulo m'malo osayeruzika omwe angachotsedwe pa webusaitiyi. Madzi ochokera padenga amasonkhanitsidwanso ndi mabombawa. Pa malo onse akhungu omwe anapangidwa, chitukuko kwambiri chinaperekedwa ndi mwiniwake mwiniwake, yemwe anali ndi vuto lalikulu lokhadzula makoma pansi pa mvula iliyonse. Ndipo mosasamala kanthu za ndalamazo, ndondomeko yamakhungu yotereyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito: Malo osayera, ngalande ndi nthiti yotetezera zinatsanulidwa ndi konkire pa nthawi. Zowonjezerapo kupyolera-kumangiriza kwa zomangamanga zonse zimapereka chitetezero ndi chitetezo ku zophulika + zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopita kuzungulira nyumbayo.

MSTR

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Kulemba malire a chikhalidwecho Kuchokera pa zomwe mungachite ndi nkhani ya kulawa, kotero mutha kusankha chinthu chilichonse. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndicho kuchita bwino. Chotsani dothi pamwamba pomwe malo osawona adzakhala pafupifupi 25 masentimita. Yesani ndikukonzekera zojambulazo. Lembani 100 mm mchenga, mvula, yamphongo. Onjezerani 50-100 mm za ming'alu pamchenga. Ikani manda yowonjezera. Konzani konkire kuti muthe kutsanulira. Thirani mbali za konkire za mamita 2 ndi zochepa. Pakati pa mapepala ndi pakati pa nyumba ndi khungu loyera kutsanulira sealant. Pambuyo kutsanulira konkire mu mphindi 15-20, ngati simukuyika matabwa pamwamba, muyenera kuthira konkire pamwamba ndi simenti youma ndikuyendetsa. Gawo lomalizira ndi kukhazikitsa matayala kapena kupanga miyala, ngati mwasankha kuyika malo osawona ndi matalala, ndiye simusowa kuwaza konkire.

Zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa: Ngati pali njira yosungiramo ngalande kuzungulira nyumbayo, ndiye kuti malo osaona ayenera kukhala opanda madzi. Kenaka magetsi amayamba kuikidwa mu ngalande yamkumba, mwala kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali imatsanulidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Zida zotere sizidzalola mwala woponderezedwa kuti ugwedezeke mu nthaka ndipo udzatetezedwa ku subsidence. Malo osowa akhungu oterewa, ndi kovuta kuwombera. Malo osayenerera ayenera kukhala ndi malo otsetsereka kulowera kuchokera kunyumba, momwemo - pamtunda wa madigiri 3 mpaka 10. Pakati pa nyumbayo ndi malo osawona muyenera kupanga msoko ndi kuwonjezeranso mchenga. Mbali yaing'ono kwambiri ya mzere wa miyala ndi 60 cm, ndipo kwa dothi, ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala pansi, ndi mita imodzi. Powerenga malo osawona, onjezerani masentimita 20 mpaka kutalika kwa denga.

Zolemba

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Monga momwe tikuonera, bungwe lodziimira la malo osaona pakhomo si ntchito yovuta ngati ikuwonekera poyamba. Komabe, kuti mupeze chithunzi chabwino chomwe chingachite bwino ntchito zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, nkofunika kutsatira ndondomeko zonse zokhudzana ndi zomangidwe za mtundu uliwonse womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa.