Mphesa amapezeka m'minda yam'munda pafupifupi m'madera onse padziko lapansi. Alimi akuyesa kupeza, kubzala ndikukula chimodzimodzi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe idzafanane nayo. Ndipo pali mitundu yochepa ya zomera zokongolazi, chifukwa cha kuswana ndi zatsopano zamakono, zonsezi zimasiyana. Zomwe zili m'munda wa kuswana zinathandizira kubweretsa wosakanizidwa, malinga ndi makhalidwe abwino kuposa makolo. Mitengoyi ndi ya alfa mphesa.
Mbiri yobereka
Alpha wakhala akuyesedwa ndi alimi am'nyumba kwa zaka zambiri tsopano. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri kumpoto. Mphesa iyi ikuchokera ku United States of America, kumene idadedwa ndi asayansi a ku America chifukwa cha kudutsa mitundu Labruska ndi Ripariya.
Mphesa zamakono zimaphatikizaponso: "Krasnostop Zolotovsky", "Isabella", "Chardonnay", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Riesling".
Zinakhala zosagwira kuzizira choncho ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kumpoto kwa luso. Zitsanzo zake ndi cholinga chowerenga mitundu yomwe idatengedwa ku America inaperekedwa ku Odessa. 
Zaka pafupifupi 70 zatha kuchokera nthawi imene Alfa mphesa zakupsa pamodzi ndi ena adachotsedwa ku USA kupita ku famu ya boma ya Vinogradar ku Brest. Iye anakhala wotchuka kwambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi mayiko onse omwe kale anali Soviet.
Mukudziwa? Pali mphesa zikwi khumi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimaposa mbewu zina zomwe zimakula.
Kufotokozera
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri yopanga mungu chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya mphesa. Mu kufotokoza kwa Alpha mphesa, choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupanga malo a malowa, imakhalanso bwino.
Alfa tchire amakula mosavuta ndi bwino. Ndizokongola zosiyanasiyana zokulakupereka mphukira zambiri. Mitengo yautali imatha kufika mamita 9, ndipo ili ndi masamba akuluakulu okhala m'mphepete mwachangu komanso lobes. Kutalika kwa pepala kumatha kufika masentimita 25, m'lifupi masentimita 20-35.
Mabungwe
Alpha imamasula pachigawo choyamba cha June. Pa mphukira imodzi pali 2-3 oboepolny inflorescences. Masango a mitundu iyi amawoneka okongola, osakanikirana ndi osakanikirana ndi kukula kwake, amadziwika ndi makilogalamu kapena nthawi zina mawonekedwe a cylindrical.
Kulemera kwa masango kumasiyana mkati kuchokera 90 g mpaka 250 g. Ndi kuphulika kwakukulu kwa tchire la mphesa, magulu ang'onoang'ono sangakhale oposa 70 g, ndipo iwo amakhala ofooka kwambiri, zipatso - zochepa. Kawirikawiri zipatsozo ndizozungulira, kukula kwake, pafupifupi wakuda ndi zofiirira kapena brownish tinge.
Zipatso zamtundu zimadziwika ndi ma ntchentche a zamkati, zimakhala zosavuta kumva, zowawa kwambiri. Pa zipatso zokoma zooneka ngati sera. Kulemera kwa zipatso ndi 2-3 g. Shuga mu zokolola za zipatso zabwino ndi 16%. Zipatso zingathe kudyetsedwa mwatsopano ndi kusinthidwa.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwake, koma osati zipatso zokha zomwe zimayambitsa, koma komanso kuti amatha kuwonjezera njala.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Malingana ndi makhalidwe ndi zofunikira pa nthaka, izi zosiyanasiyana ndizodzichepetsa, zimalekerera kuzizira ndi chisanu bwino, zimakhala zosagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera kapena njira zina zowonjezera pakukula. Choncho, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino kwa anthu otanganidwa omwe sangathe kupereka chomeracho mosamala kwambiri.
Pereka
Zokolola za Alpha mphesa zimakhala zowonjezera ndipo ziri pafupi makilogalamu khumi a zipatso zabwino kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kapena kuyambira 140 mpaka 180 centre pa hekitala malo olimidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Zimatsimikiziranso kuti kudya mphesa kumakhala kovuta, kumapangitsa kuti mavitamini ndi makoma azing'ono apitirize kuwonjezeka, kumawonjezera hemoglobin. Matenda apamwamba a fructose ndi shuga amathandiza ubongo kugwira ntchito, koma muyenera kulingalira mlingo wa shuga m'magazi.
Nthawi yogonana
Alpha ndi mitundu yochedwa yakucha. Izi zimachitika masiku 140-150. Nthawi yokolola imakhala kumapeto kwa September kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Zima hardiness
Alpha imadziwika ndi mitengo yambiri yozizira. Amatha, malinga ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi kukula kwake, kuti athe kulimbana ndi chisanu -35 ° C mpaka 45 ° C. Mizu ya zomera izi ikhoza kulekerera nthaka kutentha kwa -12 ° C popanda kuwonongeka kooneka.
Momwe mungabzala mphesa
Mitengo ya ma grape ya Alpha imakhala yabwino kwambiri, komanso imakula bwino ndi ma grafts. Chifukwa cha kupambana kwabwino ndi nyengo yozizira hardiness, imalimbikitsidwanso kubzala mbande chisanachitike chisanu mu mwezi wa October-November.
Nthawi yamasika imakhalanso yoyenera kubzala mphesa. Kusankha malo okhala, muyenera kuika patsogolo kumwera, kutetezedwa ku zithunzithunzi zolimba ndi mphepo zomwe zili ndi kuunika kwakukulu tsiku lonse. 
Alpha ndi mitundu yosavomerezeka ku nthaka, koma imayenera kukhala umuna komanso kukhala ndi mchenga. Malowa sayenera kukwezedwa, choncho kubzala mwamsanga mutangotha mvula yambiri sikuvomerezeka. Musanabzala, mphesa yamphesa iyenera kuikidwa mkati mwa madzi kuti ikule bwino mizu.
Phokoso lakuya 80 masentimita limakumbidwa kotero kuti zigawo zonse zofunikira kubzala zimayikidwa mmenemo. Mitsuko iyenera kukhala yokonzeka mukadzala chomera chimodzi, pamtunda wa 1.5 mamita pakati pa tchire ndi 2 mamita pakati pa mizere.
Choyamba, madzi akugona, kenako amchere feteleza, omwe amasakanikirana ndi nthaka. Pakatikati mwa dzenje muyenera kukhazikitsa chithandizo cha mpesa. Mbewu kapena mphesa mphesa mpaka kumtambo ndipo zophimbidwa ndi nthaka, madzi ndi madzi ambiri. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira ndi kofunikira kuphimba.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphesa kuti mudyetse limodzi ndi khungu, chifukwa muli ndi antioxidants ambiri.
Zosamalira
Mphesa Alpha ili ndi zina monga kubzala ndi kusamalira. Mwachilungamo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zosiyanasiyanazi sizitanthauza chisamaliro chapadera kwa wamaluwa, chomwe chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi mitundu ina. Koma ganizirani ngati mungathe kuchita zina mwa njira zoyenera, ndikupatseni chisamaliro chosavuta, muyenera ngakhale musanadzale mphesa.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira koyamba kumapeto kwa kasupe kumachitika pambuyo pa tchire. Mwaufulu, nthaka iyenera kusungunuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muziphatikizana ndi kukonzekera koyenera, pamene kuli pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi nkofunika kutsanulira mitsuko inayi ya madzi yopangidwa ndi feteleza.
Mukudziwa? Anthu okhala ku Italy ndi ku France, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito vinyo wambiri, sangavutike kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, zikwapu ndi oncology.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pamene mukusamalira mphesa Alfa palifunikira kuyika nthawi yowonjezera mu nthaka ya ferrous sulphate ndi salt zitsulo, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zomera, komanso zimathandiza kupewa matenda a chlorosis.
Kuti chitukuko chogwirizana cha mbande chikhale ndi zakudya zambiri. Oyenera chakudya chomera ndi organic feteleza kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba, phulusa, zitosi mbalame. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mphesa za feteleza kuchokera ku zinthu zamakina zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo apadera.
Kukonza ndi kupatulira
Alpha ali ndi mitundu yambiri yobala, choncho imafuna kudulira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuti muyang'ane bwino mapangidwe a mpesa ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, muzidula ma 8-10 maso.
Kudulira mphesa kungapangidwe mu kasupe, chilimwe ndi autumn.
Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsamba ndikuthandizira kupanga chimanga chachikulu komanso chapamwamba. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya kukula ndi kusasitsa kwa mphukira imathandiza kuti tifunikire kugwira ntchitoyi - kuchotsa njira zosafunikira kuti mphukira yaikulu ikhale yabwino.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mbewu zapamphesa zabwino Kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chlorosis, makamaka mchenga wouma mchenga komanso kudyetsa komanso kuthirira.
Nthawi zina zomera zimatha kudwala matenda monga mildew, oidium, anthracnose.
Chomeracho chiyenera kuwonedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera pofuna kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, bowa, mabakiteriya. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuchepetsa mphesa ndi nsonga, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata ndi tizirombo tina tochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Mphesa zikukula pafupi ndi parsley zidzakula bwino, zidzatulutsa zipatso zokoma ndi zosaopsa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Alfa ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse ziwiri. Nthawi zabwino Izi zikuphatikizapo kukula kwakukulu, kuphulika kwa mpweya, kupuma kwa rooting, kuchulukira kwa matenda ndi kukaniza matenda a mphesa izi, zokolola zambiri, zabwino kwambiri za chisanu.
Komanso zipatso zake zimapatsa vinyo wokoma komanso wathanzi, ndipo mphesa zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu ndipo zimakhala ngati njira yabwino yokongoletsera malo, kukongola kwa arbors, mabwinja, pergolas, mabanki, loggias, maonekedwe osiyana siyana.
Zovuta zina Mitundu ya Alpha imaphatikizapo kuthetsa mwamsanga komanso kubisa malo omwe akukula ndi ana opeza, omwe amafunika kutsukidwa kangapo nthawi yotentha. Komanso si zizindikiro zapamwamba zowonetsera.
Mitundu ya Alfa ya mphesa idzayamikiridwa makamaka ndi wamaluwa ndi opanga vinyo kuchokera kumadera omwe alibe nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo yochepa. Iye ali ndi makhalidwe ambiri okongola kuti akule. Kwa alangizi a novice, izi zosiyanasiyana ndizochitika zabwino kwambiri pakulima zomera zoterozo.
