Mphesa, monga zomera zina zowalidwa, zingakhale ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Amayambitsa masamba, inflorescences, potero amawononga mbewu. Oidium (dzina lina ndi powdery mildew) ndi chimodzimodzi matenda ofalawa. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za oidium pa mphesa: ganizirani chithandizo cha matendawa, komanso kambiranani njira yabwino yosamalira zomera.
Kulongosola kwa matenda
Oidium ndi matenda a fungal.kukhudza mphukira ndi masamba. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, ndiye kuti zimapita ku inflorescences ndipo siziwalola kuti zikhazikike ndi kuphuka.
Powdery mildew sinafalikira pa mphukira zouma ndi masamba, koma zimangokhala ndi zamoyo zokha. Mu mawonekedwe a mycelium, oidium ili mu ming'alu ya makungwa, pa impso ndi nyengo kumeneko. 
Nkhumba za matendawa zimapitilira pa masamba ndikuwombera nyengo yonse. Amachulukira mofulumira kwambiri, amapanga spores atsopano, ndipo amafalikira mu chitsamba, ndiyeno amasunthira ku zomera zoyandikana nawo.
Kumadera kumene kumayambiriro ndi kutentha, powdery mildew imayambitsidwa kwambiri kwambiri ndipo imakhudza mphukira zachinyamata. M'madera ozizira, matendawa amadzuka pamene masamba akuwonekera pa chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi oidium sizili zoyenera kudya, ngakhale ngati zipangizo za vinyo.
Causative agent
Wothandizira causative wa oidium ndi bowa la mtundu Uncinula. Izi zimatuluka pamwamba pa mphesa. 
Pamtengo wofiira wa patina umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito hyphae yoonda kwambiri pamtunda wa zomera ndi suckers yotchedwa appressoria. Kuti adye chakudya, bowa uwu umayambitsa makina ake opangira matendawa. Maselo okhudzidwa amafa, akupanga zithunzi zofiira.
Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, conidia ya bowa imatumizidwa kumadera a mphesa omwe sali ndi kachilomboka. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa apitirire ndi dothi komanso chinyezi pamwamba pa 80%, kuphatikizapo mpweya wabwino wa malowa.
Pezani zomwe fungicides amagwiritsa ntchito m'munda wamphesa kuti muteteze mbewu yanu.Nthawi ya oidium yotulutsidwa ndi masiku 7-14, malinga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Conidia imakhala yabwino kwambiri + kufika 20 ° C, koma kukula kwake kungayambe pa +5 ° C.
Zizindikiro za matenda
Mame a mphesa amawonekera pa mbali zonse za pamwamba:
- chotupa choyera chimapezeka pa masamba, omwe amafalikira kumbali zonse ziwiri za tsamba;
- Masamba akugwedera m'mphepete, atapindika, atembenukira chikasu;
- Choyika chimapezeka pamagulu, maluwa, ngati kuti amawaza ufa;
- Mdima wamdima umapangidwa pa mphukira;
- Matenda a mphukira amatembenukira wakuda ndikufa kumalo ena.
- inflorescences odwala amatha kufa;
- mphesa zokhudzidwa ndi matendawa, zuma pamaso;
- Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka ndi zouma, mbewuzo zimawululidwa.
Zotsatira zoletsa
Pochotsa oidium pa mphesa, muyenera kutenga njira zofunikira kuti muthane ndi matendawa.
Kupewa
Pofuna kupeĊµa maonekedwe a powdery mildew, muyenera kuteteza. Kusamalira bwino kumathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wa powdery mildew. 
Mu yophukira ndi kasupe ndi zothandiza kukumba pansi pansi mphesa. Ndibwino kudyetsa tchire ndi fetashi-phosphate feteleza.
Pofuna kuteteza mphesa, amachizidwa ndi fungicides. Anthu ambiri amakonda chida "Tiovit Jet." Ngati mitundu ya mphesa imakhala yotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito Topaz.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi nthawi ziwiri kuposa mankhwala.Malangizo othandiza kuthandizira kupewa matenda:
- Nthaka pansi pa mphesa iyenera kukhala yoyera, masamba owuma ndi nthambi zoyera nthawi.
- Zida ziyenera kusamalidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana.
- Chomeracho sichiyenera kugwedezeka. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
- Mukamwetsa madzi, sikuli koyenera kulola kuti madzi alowe mbali ya chitsamba chomwe chili pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pewani kulowera kokwanira.
Njira zamoyo
Njira yokhayokha yolimbanirana ikukonzekera m'chaka cha saprophytic microflora kuchokera ku humus.
Izi zachitika monga chonchi.:
- Mu mbiya 100-lita kutsanulira humus, kotero kuti anatenga gawo lake lachitatu.
- Lembani madzi otentha kufika +25 ° C.
- Phimbani ndi kusunga ndipo, mofulumira, dikirani masiku asanu ndi limodzi.
Ndikofunika kupopera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa kawiri pa nyengo, ndikuwona nthawi ya sabata imodzi. Ngati matendawa afalikira kwambiri, muyenera kuthira mankhwalawa ngakhale mutatha maluwa.Mukudziwa? Pokonzekera botolo limodzi la vinyo lomwe mukufunikira pafupifupi mphesa 600.
Potaziyamu permanganate
Pa kucha kwa zipatso, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala. Choncho, yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (5 g pa 10 malita a madzi) lidzathandiza kuthetsa matendawa kwa kanthawi.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe momwe mungatetezere mbewu yanu ku matenda ndi tizirombo m'dzinja.
Sulufu-muli mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Sulfure ndi yoopsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Bowa amazilandira ndi kufa. Kuchokera ku oidium pa mphesa kuti mankhwalawa asungunuke 100 g sulfure m'madzi (10 l), ndi kupewa - 40 g. 
Izi zimapangidwa bwino m'mawa kapena madzulo, monga kutentha kwa masamba a sulfure masamba ndi zipatso. Njirayi imagwira ntchito kutentha pamwamba pa +18 ° C. Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osungunula, monga "CabrioTop."
Mankhwala ochokera ku oidium
Pambuyo maluwa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kuchokera ku oidium pa mphesa: "Skor", "Rubigan", "Topaz", "Bayleton". Palinso "Readzol", koma imathandiza kwambiri mbande zazing'ono. Kuyambira chaka cha oidium "Horus" kapena "Strobe" kumathandiza bwino. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yozizira.
Dzidziwenso ndi malamulo odzala ndi kudulira mphesa mu kasupe.
Mankhwala a anthu
Pali njira zowonjezereka zothana ndi matendawa.:
- 3 tbsp. l soda yosakaniza ndi 4 malita a madzi ndikuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l sopo wamadzi. Kutaya mphesa nthawi yomweyo.
- Onetsetsani 1 makilogalamu a sinthedwe mumsana ofunda (10 l). Muyenera kuumiriza masiku asanu, nthawi zina kuyambitsa. Pamaso pa processing, yikani sopo grated (30 g).
- 2 tbsp. l mpiru wothira madzi m'madzi 10 otentha. Mutatha kuzizira ndi kusakaniza, madzi ndi kutsanulira mphesa.
- 25 g adyo cloves kuwaza ndi kuchepetsa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Tsiku lovala mphesa.
- Korovyak ayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi 1: 3. Pambuyo maola 72, chingwe cha swill ndi kuchepetsanso ndi madzi katatu.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Pali mitundu ya mphesa yosagwirizana ndi matenda a fungal. Awa ndi Aligote, Rkatsiteli, Kishimishi, Merlot, Sauvignon.
Mukudziwa? M'dzikoli muli mphesa zoposa 10,000. Izi ndizoposa chikhalidwe china chilichonse.
Oidium - bowa chakupha, mofulumira kufalikira kumbali yonse ya mphesa. Ngati miyeso imatengedwa nthawi yake, chiopsezo cha matenda chingachepe kwambiri.
