Antirrinum, kapena snapdragon - chomera chosazolowereka, chomwe dzina lake limachokera ku Greek "anti" ndi "mabhinki" - "ngati mphuno." Snapdragon imatanthawuza za zomera zapachaka zotsamba. Ili ndi nthambi zomwe zimapanga pyramidal baka.
Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtunduwo ndipo kumakhala pakati pa 25 mpaka 90 cm ndi pamwamba. Maluwa akuluakulu amitundu ikuluikulu amasonkhanitsidwa ndi mapulaneti onunkhira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku zoyera, zachikasu ndi pinki, zakuda zofiira komanso zobiriwira, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana.
Chipatso cha antirrhinum ndi bokosi lamitundu iwiri yozungulira. Mafupa a mikango ya mkango amawoneka ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa, choncho amawoneka ngati amaluwa okongola kwambiri pachaka. Ku England, snapdragon ili ndi dzina lochititsa chidwi kwambiri - chinjoka cholira; ku France ndi pakamwa pa mmbulu. Anthu a ku Ukraine amadzilemba mofatsa milomo yake kapena pakamwa pake. Maina ena otchuka amakhalanso ofala - pakamwa pa chinjoka, maluwa, agalu, nkhope ya mkango.
Mukudziwa? Nthano ya chiyambi cha maluwa snapdragon ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mu nkhalango ya Nemeisky ya ku Girisi wakale, kunakhala chirombo choopsya-mkango waukulu wagazi, amene ankaukira anthu tsiku lililonse ndikudya. Amuna ambiri olimba mtima adayesa kumupha, koma mikondo yawo, mivi, kapena lupanga lakuthwa zingathe kuwononga khungu la mkango ndikumuvulaza. Hera wamphamvuyonse wamphamvuyo adasankha kuchitira chifundo anthu wamba ndikuwatumiza kuti athandize Hercules. Msilikaliyo anatsata pansi ndi kupha chilombo choopsacho, kumukwapula. Ichi chinali choyamba cha Hercules. Flora, mulungu wamkazi wa maluwa, anapeza za kupambana kumeneku ndipo adalenga maluwa atsopano polemekeza Hercules, yomwe inkafanana ndi mkamwa wotseguka, womwe anautcha "snapdragon". Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, maluwa amenewa aperekedwa kwa opambana komanso amphamvu.
Kusankhidwa kwa antirrinum koyamba kugwira ntchito m'zaka za m'ma XIX ku Germany. Kuyambira pamenepo, asayansi atenga mitundu yoposa 1000 ya chomera ichi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe ingayankhulidwe kosatha. Kwa akatswiri onse ogwira ntchito ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, pali mwayi wosankha maonekedwe a snapdragon kwa mtundu wanu ndi kukoma kwake: kuchokera ku mitundu yochepa yomwe ikukula mpaka maluwa aakulu kwambiri.
Mu katswiri wa floriculture, pali zigawo zingapo za snapdragon. Chosavuta ndi cha kutalika kwa zomera, zomwe zili ndi magulu asanu: zazikulu, zamtali, theka lalitali (lalitali lalitali), lochepa ndi laling'ono. Kuphatikiza pa mndandanda uwu, palinso zofunikanso kwa Sanderson ndi Martin, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yochepetsera chaka chonse. Komabe, gululi ndi loyenera kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakula snapdragon, osati chifukwa cha zokondweretsa zokondweretsa, koma chifukwa cha malonda.
Mukudziwa? Antirrinamu imakhala ndi mankhwala. Pamene matenda a chiwindi ndi m'mimba amamwa tiyi kuchokera ku snapdragon. Tincture wa maluwa imamva kupweteka kwa mutu, kupuma kwa mpweya, kutsika. Chomera cha kunja chimathandiza kulimbana ndi ziwalo zotsekemera, zithupsa, zithupsa, zomveka zosiyanasiyana, ndi matenda a maso.
Chimanga (masentimita 15-20)
Zomera za gulu la mkango wa mkango zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20. Maluwa amenewa ndi oyenerera kukula miphika, komanso malire okongoletsa, mabedi a maluwa, alpine slides. Akuma zomera ndi zambiri mphukira, mwamphamvu nthambi. Mphukira yaikulu ya mitundu imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa kuposa mphukira yachiwiri, kapena ikuwomba. Inflorescences ndi amfupi, osaposa 8-10 masentimita, maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yowonjezereka ya snapdragon yofikira: "Tom Tumb", "Floral", "The Hobbit."
- Snapdragon "Tom Tumb" - Imeneyi ndi chomera chachitsulo chokwera, chofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 20, mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ili ndi mphukira zakuda ndi masamba akuluakulu a lanceolate. Zimasiyanitsa zowonjezera, zochepa, zochepa-zoponderezedwa. Maluwawo ndi ofiira achikasu, ali ndi mdima wachikasu. Iyi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imamera pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo imamasula mpaka September.
- "Zokongola" ("Floral") - Zambiri zosangalatsa za antiwarrinum zamamera. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chophatikizana, amasiyana maluwa obiriwira, maunifolomu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, yonse yamagulu ndi maonekedwe awiri. Zosangalatsa za doggie maluwa" Mitengo ya zomera imabzalidwa kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba pa tsamba, komanso imakula miphika.
- gulu losiyana "Hobbit" (Hobbit) Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitengo yotere imayang'ana bwino pamaluwa a flowerbeds, komanso yoyenera kubzala muzitsulo, zimakulolani kuganizira za maluwa okongola komanso okongola. Maluwa osiyanasiyana "The Hobbit" akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu uliwonse: kuchokera woyera, wachikasu ndi pinki wofiira, maroon ndi wofiirira.
Low (25-40 cm)
Madzi otsekemera a gululi amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 25 mpaka 40 ndipo amakula ngati maluwa a bwalo la maluwa kapena kuphulika maluwa. Iwo ali ndi mphukira zambiri za maluwa II ndi III, koma mphukira yaikulu ili pamtunda womwewo kapena pansi pamtundu umodzi. Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence ndi osachepera kuposa chapamwamba ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe mitundu. Mitundu yotsika yamtunduwu ndi "lotayirira", yochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yochepa. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana nthawi yoyambirira komanso pakatikati. Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- "Velvet ya khungu" - chitsamba chomera mpaka 35 masentimita pamwamba, ambiri-anasiya. Mphukira ndi mdima wandiweyani wokhala ndi zofiira zofiira, masambawo ndi amdima wobiriwira, aakulu. Lili ndi inflorescences zazikulu zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira. Maluwawo ndi a sing'anga, okongola, a mdima wofiira. Izi ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, imamera kuyambira m'ma July mpaka pafupifupi chisanu.
- Schneeflocke - Compact chitsamba chomera, kufika kutalika kwa 25-35 cm. Gustovetvistoe, hemispherical mawonekedwe, ndi woonda mphukira ndi masamba ambiri. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, obiriwira, ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate ndi elongate-lanceolate. Zochepa za inflorescences-zimayendetsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera. Oyambirira zosiyanasiyana, limamasula kuyambira June ndi limamasula kudzera October. Mbewu "Schneeflokke" imapsa bwino.
- Gulu la mitundu "Korona" ("Korona") - Kutalika kwa mphukira kumafikira masentimita 35. Maluwa amawonekera bwino pa flowerbeds, muzitsulo, komanso popachika madengu. Pofuna kubzala maluwa a maluwa, misonyezero ya nthawi ya chitukuko cha mbewu kuchokera ku kufesa mbewu za mkango wa mbidzi ndizofunika kwambiri. Mitundu "Crown" ili ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri ya chitukuko. Zotchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndizosiyana "Crown light mauvŠµ", yomwe inkaonekera pamsika mu 1999. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi lilac yokongola, yosandulika maluwa ofiira.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka zamakedzana za Germany, antirrinum inkatengedwa kuti ndiyo njira yabwino yothetsera ufiti, kotero anthu ankakonza matumba a maluwa owuma ndipo amawaphimba pamphepete mwawo ngati chithumwa. Kum'mawa, chomeracho chinasakanizidwa ndi mafuta a kakombo ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzoladzola. Ankaganiza kuti muyenera kuyatsa nkhope ndi kirimu kuti mukondweretse aliyense.
Hafu yapamwamba (40-60 cm)
Ma antirramuum apamwamba kapena apakati amatha kufika 40-60 masentimita mu msinkhu. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo yakuti mphukira yawo yapakati ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi mbali yomwe ikuwombera, komanso nthambi yamphamvu. Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence ndi pang'ono poyerekeza ndi yapamwamba. Gululi liri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Zing'ono-zazikuluzo ndizopadziko lonse za snapdragon, zowonjezera zonse ngati zokongola za flowerbed ndi kudula. Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- "Wild Rose" ("Wildrose") - Chomeracho chimakhala cha masentimita 40 mmwamba, chimakhala chosasunthira kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 20. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, a mtundu wokongola wa pinki. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi nthawi yozungulira maluwa.
- "Mfumu Yachifumu" - Cluster chomera chomera, 50-55 cm wamtali. Ili ndi mphukira zamphamvu ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira. Inflorescences wandiweyani, ambiri-akuyenda, maluwa ndi aakulu, onunkhira, mandimu ndi chikasu. Ili ndikumapeto kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya snapdragon, yomwe imaphuka kuyambira July mpaka pafupifupi chisanu.
- "Kusakhulupirika" - chogwirana chitsamba chomera, chokhala ndi piramidi yopapatiza kapena pakhoma ndikufika kutalika kwa 45-55 masentimita. Mphukira ndizamphamvu, pang'ono pokhoma, masamba ndi aakulu, lanceolate, wobiriwira ndi nsalu zamkuwa. Inflorescences, zosawerengeka, zochepa-zimathamanga, zopanda mtundu. Maluwa ndi aakulu, achikasu-lalanje kapena lalanje wofiira ndi lilac subton. Izi ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya snapdragon, yomwe imaphuka kuyambira June mpaka pafupifupi chisanu.
- "Liebesglut" - Pakatikati pa chitsamba chokhazikika, 50-60 masentimita wamtali. Chimakhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira. Mitundu yambiri yamakono, maluwa ofiira kukula, mdima wofiira, mtundu wa chitumbuwa. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira zomwe zimamasula kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June ndi pafupifupi chisanu. Mbewu imadziwika ndi kucha kwabwino.
- "Chief Red" ("Chief Red") - compact chitsamba chomera pafupifupi 45-55 masentimita pamwamba, wambiri leafy. Mphukira ndi mdima wandiweyani, wamphamvu, masamba ali lonse, elongate-lanceolate. Inflorescences wa sing'anga wambiri, maluwa ndi aakulu, owoneka bwino, wakuda wofiira, osataya dzuwa. Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, yomwe ikufalikira kumapeto kwa June.
Mwamba (60-90 cm)
M'kamwa mwa mkango mumakula kuti muthe kudula kapena ngati mukugogomezera m'minda yokongoletsa gulu. Zomera zimapitirira kutalika kwa masentimita 60 mpaka 90, mbali zawo zowonjezera zimakhala zocheperapo kuposa chapakati chimodzi. Khalani ophatikizana mopanda nthambi baka. Inflorescences ambiri-akuyenda ndi aakulu kwambiri. Mitengo yayitali ndi sabata kapena kuposerapo. Mitengo yonyezimira kwambiri ya mitundu ya chikasu. Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- "Brilliantrosa" (Brilliantrosa) - chitsamba chomera chophweka cha pyramidal mawonekedwe, 70-80 masentimita pamwamba. Mphukira ndi yolunjika, yamphamvu, masamba, ndi aakulu, wobiriwira, woboola. The inflorescences ndi zazikulu, sing'anga osakanikirana, maluwa ndi lalikulu, zonunkhira kwambiri, yowala pinki mtundu. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira zomwe zimamasula kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo zimamasula mpaka chisanu. Mbewu zipsa bwino.
- Pakamwa pa mkango "Alaska" ("Alaska") - Chomerachi chimadzafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60, ndipo chimakhala ndifooka kwambiri. Maluwawo ndi oyera, ma inflorescences amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 25. Izi ndizoposa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopopera dzimbiri.
- "Velvet Giant" - chitsamba chomera chaching'ono cha pyramidal mawonekedwe, 70-85 masentimita pamwamba. Mphukira ndi owongoka, wamphamvu, masamba aakulu, mdima wobiriwira ndi burgundy mthunzi, lanceolate mawonekedwe. Inflorescences wa sing'anga wambiri. Maluwa ndi aakulu, amdima wofiirira, onunkhira kwambiri. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira zomwe zimamasula kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo zimamasula mpaka chisanu. Mbewu zipsa bwino.
- snapdragon "Vulcan" ("Vulcan") - chitsamba chomera cha piramiidal yopangasa osati masentimita 75. Mphukira ndi yolunjika, yotalika, masamba ndi ofiira, aakulu, lanceolate kapena ochuluka. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, onunkhira kwambiri, kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka mdima wandiweyani, ocher. Inflorescences wa sing'anga wambiri. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira zomwe zimamasula kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo zimamasula mpaka chisanu.
- "Tip-top" ("Tip-top") - Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala otumbululuka kwambiri pinki ndi yachilendo yowala yonyezimira. Komabe, gulu ili limadziwikanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescences. Mphukira ya chomera imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya snapdragon n'zotheka kudula ndi kukongoletsa mabedi ndi mzere.
Chimake (90 ndi apo)
Mitundu yamitundu ikuluikulu ya snapdragon, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 90 mpaka 130. Mphukira yapakati pa mitunduyi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi mphukira yachiwiri, pamene mphukira yachitatu ilibe. Maluwa akuluakuluwa amakula makamaka pofuna kudula. Mitundu yotchuka:
- "Rose" ("Rose") - Zokongola kwambiri za antirrhinum. Zimadziwika ndi zofewa zofiira satin maluwa, mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mawonekedwe, omwe ali pamodzi ndi zomera zina. Mitundu imeneyi ikulimbikitsidwa kupanga zojambula zokongola maluwa mu flowerbeds. Mphukira za zomera zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 100, nthawizina zimatsitsa pang'ono.
- mitundu yambiri ya "Rocket" ("Rocket"), otchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamtali, akupereka kudulidwa koyamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Rocket" imakhala yosiyanasiyana, yotchulidwa ndi mithunzi ya inflorescences. "Lemon ya roketi" - mtundu wosadabwitsa kwambiri wa maluwa kwa snapdragon, yoyera ndi yobiriwira-yobiriwira tinge. Komanso mitundu yakale ya mitundu iyi "Rocket golden" ("Rocket golden") - wachikasu; "Buluu la Rocket" - pinki-pinki ndi zofewa zonyezimira zamtambo ndi zing'onozing'ono zachikasu, ndi "Cherry" ("Cherry improved") - wofiira-pinki. Chithunzi china chochititsa chidwi cha Rocket Orchid chachikulu cha snapdragon chimadziwika ndi lavender ndi mitundu ya buluu yachilendo. Zimayambira pamtundu umenewu zimakhala kutalika kwa mamita 1.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino: "Arthur" - mpaka masentimita 95 masentimita ndi maluwa a chitumbuwa ndi "F1 wofiira XL", "F1 pinki XL" - mtundu wofiira ndi wofiira, womwe umafika mpaka masentimita 110.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kutuluka kwa antirrinum kuli koyenera kukumbukira kuti ichi ndi chomera chakupha kwambiri cha ziweto.
