Ogula minda, komanso omwe amatukula ena omwe amayamba kumanga nyumba pamalo omwe alandila kapena ogailidwa ndi boma, ali ndi nkhawa ndi kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa mipanda. Pofuna kuti musaphwanye zofuna za anthu okhala pafupi, komanso osaphwanya ufulu wanu, muyenera kudziwa bwino kuti ndi mpanda uti womwe ungayikidwe pakati pa oyandikana nawo malinga ndi lamulo lomwe likugwira ntchito mdera lino. Timazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti nkhaniyi idakambidwa m'malamulo ambiri amalamulo, palibe omwe anganyalanyazidwe. Malire amakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi magawo angapo, monga kutalika, zinthu zopangira, kuwombera mpanda, mtunda wa zinthu zofunika zomwe zili mdera lawo ndi la wina. Kuti tipewe mkangano womwe ungayambike pachiwonetsero chazolowera komanso kulipira feseni komanso kuwononga mpanda womangayo, chilichonse chikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ntchito isanayambike.
Zikuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi chiyani pomanga?
Milandu yayikulu yoyang'anira kukonzekera ndi kumanga kwa nthaka pamunda ndi Code ya Russian Federation yakukula kwamatauni. Komabe, mu chikalatachi mulibe chitsogozo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpanda wopanda kanthu pakati pazigawo zoyandikana. Chifukwa chake, ma SNiPs amatengedwa ngati maziko, ndiye kuti, malamulo ndi malamulo omangira, omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zisankho zotengedwa pamagulu aboma. Zolemba izi zimafotokoza zofunikira pomanga mipanda m'dera lokhalidwa ndi anthu:
- nyengo;
- malo otchuka;
- kupezeka kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chathu, ndi zina zambiri.
Kufunikira kopeza chilolezo kwa oyang'anira boma kuti amange mpandawo kungatchulidwenso. Kupereka chilolezo chotere kumachitika m'chigawo ndi kayendetsedwe ka mizinda ndi madipatimenti oyang'anira matauni ndi zomangamanga, zomwe zimawonetsetsa kuti njira zothandizira moyo wamakhazikidwe (kupezeka kwa madzi, ma network amagetsi, njira zina zothandizira paukadaulo) sizikhala pamalo opanda mipanda yolimba. Ngati mpanda womangidwa mosaloledwa wapezeka, mwini wakeyo azikakamizidwa kuti amuchotsere ndindalama.
Tanthauzo lomveka lamalire amtunda
Choyamba werengani zikalata zomwe zilipo. Kenako khazikitsani ndendende malire onse pakati pazigawo zoyandikana ndikuwunikira zomwe zapezedwa ndi anansi omwe ali ndi chidwi chothetsa mwalamulo vutoli. Ngati eni zonse agwirizana ndi malire omwe akhazikitsidwa pakati pa ziwembuzo, pamachitika chinthu chomwe chikuwonetsa mgwirizano womwe wafikiridwa. Mchitidwewu umasainidwa ndi oimira magulu onse omwe ali ndi chidwi. Chikalatachi chidzateteza mwini wake wa mpandawo kuti asazunzidwe ndi anthu amisala mtsogolomo pomwe eni malowa asinthe.
Zikhalanso zothandiza pamomwe mungayang'anire bwino malire a munda ndi kugawa: //diz-cafe.com/plan/razmetka-sadovogo-uchastka.html
Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta ndi tanthauzo lenileni la malire amtunda, ndikulimbikitsidwa kulumikizana ndi oyesa kafukufuku. Akatswiri samangoyang'ana zolembedwazo, komanso kuyendera malowa, pambuyo pake adzapatsa wopemphayo dongosolo lomwe zidzasonyezedwe chizindikiro cha malirewo.
Zizindikiro zopitilira muyeso wa pafupi ndi mzake, zimakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri amakampani omwe ali ndi zilolezo pantchitoyi.
Momwe mungapezere woyesa kafukufuku waluso?
Mutha kupeza woyeserera woyenera kudzera mwa abwenzi anu omwe adalemba kale ntchito pazomwezo. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mndandanda wamabungwe ndi mabizinesi omwe ali ndi chilolezo chogwira ntchito yamtunduwu, yomwe imapezeka kwa olamulira omwe amayang'anira zomangamanga ndi kasamalidwe ka malo mchigawochi, chigawo chokhalamo.
Onani mndandanda wamitengo yamakampani, komanso mndandanda wazithandizo zomwe zaperekedwa. Makamaka, khalani ndi chidwi ndi zolemba zamakalata zomwe mudzakhale nazo mukamaliza ntchito. Mitengo yotsika ya ntchito ikuyenera kukuchenjezani, chifukwa kampaniyo ingagwire ntchito kuti ibwezeretse malire a malo moyenera. Mtengo wa ntchito yonse ndimasinthidwe, kotero ntchito zotsika mtengo zimayambitsidwa, monga lamulo, mwa mtundu wosauka wa muyeso wofunikira. Kukopa "akatswiri" oterewa kungangokulitsa mkangano womwe unabuka pakati pa oyandikana nawo pamalire a tsambali.
Ochita kafukufuku waluso adzapatsa izi:
- Chitapo kanthu pokonzanso malire a malowo;
- dongosolo la malo, momwe adzafotokozeredwe ndi zojambula ndi mizere yosinthasintha ya malire anu;
- cholembera chofotokozera chomwe kontrakitala amafotokozera za ntchito yomwe wachita.
Kuphatikiza pa zikalata, akatswiri akuyenera kukuwonetsani komwe amalembera malire, ndikufotokozeranso momwe mungazibwezeretsere malinga ndi zolembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa tepi kuti iwonongeke kapena kuwononga mwadala.
Mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera zoyezera, akatswiri amafufuza malo enieni amalo omwe malowo adayikirako
Yesetsani kukambirana ndi ambiri okhala nawo mwayi wolipira onse pamodzi. Ngati angavomere, pezani zina zowonjezera za zikalata zakufotokozera mu mgwirizano.
Zomwe mungamangire mpanda:
Ma SNiPs samayika patsogolo zapadera zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa kuti zimangidwe. Ndipo oyandikana nawo nthawi zambiri samakhutira ndi zomwe zasankhidwa kuti zimangidwe, koma kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakhutira nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera, chifukwa pamakonzedwa ndi mpanda wawukulu gawo la malo oyandikana nalo limatsekedwa ndipo limataya "airing". Chifukwa chake, m'minda yazipatso ndi nyumba zopangira zipatso ndi masamba ndi masamba, mpanda umayikidwa ndi mipata yokha.
Mpanda wotere ukhoza kukhala:
- mauna;
- kuchuluka.
Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za momwe mungakhazikitsire mpanda kuchokera mu ukonde kuchokera kuzinthuzi: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/ustrojstvo-zabora-iz-setki-rabicy.html
Kutalika kwa mpanda pakati pa dimbayo sikungathe kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka. Ngati wina anyalanyaza izi (mwadala kapena mosadziwa), wovulalayo ayenera kulembetsa ku dipatimenti ya zikhalidwe kapena aboma wamba.
Kukhazikitsa mpanda wopanda kanthu kuchokera papepala lolembetsedwa ndizotheka kokha kuchokera kumbali ya msewu, pomwe zilolezo sizifunika kutuluka ngati kutalika kwa nyumbayo sikupitilira mita imodzi ndi theka
Mpanda wokhala ndi zomangira ungathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi mpanda wopanda kanthu kuchokera kumbali ya mseu. Ngati mpanda ukumangidwa ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'anira zingapo zakutali kwake kuchokera kumalire am'madera oyandikana nawo.
Momwe mungayikitsire mpanda?
Pakumanga, amawongoleredwa ndi lamulo losayimira lomwe mizati yothandizirayi ili:
- kapena kumalire a ziwembu;
- kapena kumbali ya eni malo omwe adayambitsa kukhazikitsa nyumbayi.
Ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuti, kupatula, zigawo zonse za mpanda zikupezeka m'gawo la wopanga. Palibe chifukwa chobera komanso kuyesa "kudula" masentimita owonjezera. Izi zimatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu komanso kutayika kwa zinthu. Sikuti mnansi aliyense ali wokonzeka kupirira zoterezi. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kudalira mtima wokhulupirika wa munthu polanda maofesi owonjezera pazinthu zawo.
Zofunikira ziwiri zimayikidwa pa kapangidwe ka mpanda woyika pakati pa malo oyandikana ndi nthaka: kufalikira kwa kuwala komanso kupezeka kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, mipanda imapangidwa ndi mipata
Onani vidiyoyi kuti mumve zambiri:
Kodi kutalika kwa mpanda kumafanana motani ndipo ndi motani?
Kutalika kwa mipanda pakati pa ziwembu za anthu oyandikana nawo kuti athe kumanga nyumba imodzi sikungathe kupitirira mita ziwiri. Ngati mwininyumba akufuna kupanga zotchingira pamwamba pa mtengo wake, ndiye kuti ayenera kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa womanga.
Momwemonso, wogwiritsa ntchito pamtunda ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti akhazikitse mpanda wapafupi ndi msewu waukulu. Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa mpanda kumangofika mita imodzi. Kupanda kutero, mwini watsambalo sadzalandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa womanga. Malingaliro amakhazikitsidwa pomanga mpanda ndi kutalika kwake m'malo omwe ali ndi makulidwe angular.
Simungathe kudzipatula padziko lonse lapansi ndi mpanda wokwera, koma mutha kuyesa. Koma bwanji? Kupatula apo, pamwamba nthawi zonse pamakhala lotseguka
Komwe angapangire nyumba ndi zinthu zina pamalopo?
Opanga payekha akuyesetsa kukulitsa zabwino za kugwiritsa ntchito mita iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, amaiwala kuti lamulolo likhazikitsa mita ingapo kuchokera pa mpanda wa oyandikana nawo mutha kuyamba kumanga nyumba popanda kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu okhala pafupi. Chifukwa chake, posankha malo pamalo omangira zogona ndi zina, ndikofunikira kuti zizitsogozedwa ndi malamulo angapo omwe alipo omwe amawongolera mtunda kuchokera pamagulu awa kupita kumalire a magawo ena, omwe ndi:
- 3 and more metre kubwerera kunyumba, komanso kuchokera kumalo ena okhala;
- Miyezi 4 siyotsalira pamalo oti asungire mbalame ndi zochepa zazing'ono;
- 1 mita - kupita ku garaja ndi mitundu ina yazipinda zamaluso.
Dziwani kuti mitengo yotalika pang'ono iyenera kubzalidwe mtunda wa mita 2 kuchokera pa mpanda wa mnansi, ndipo wamtali - 4 m.
Kapangidwe ka zinthu zazikulu pachiwembu chogwirizira ndi mpanda. Mukabzala mitengo ndi zitsamba, malamulo ovomerezeka amathandizidwanso
Mtunda pakati pa nyumba yomangidwa patsamba lanu ndi malire a oyandikana nawo uyenera kuyesedwa kuchokera kukhoma kapena chapansi pa nyumbayo ngati malekezero, ma awnings ndi zinthu zina zomanga sizituluka kuposa masentimita 50. Ngati mtengo womwe watchulawu udapitilira, ndiye kuyeza mtunda kuchokera mapangidwe opangira. Mutha kumakambirana ndi munthu nthawi zonse, muzingokumbukira kukonza mgwirizano pamapepala. Chikalatachi chidzakutetezani kukhothi mukachitika kusamvana, ndikutsimikizira kulondola kwa zomwe mudachita pomanga mpanda ndi nyumbayi pamalowo.
Zambiri pazakufunika kwakutali kuchokera kufupi kupita kuzinyumba zitha kupezeka pano: //diz-cafe.com/plan/rasstoyanie-ot-zabora-do-postrojki.html
Kutsatira malamulo oyatsira moto
Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kusamalidwa kuti zizitsatira njira zomangira moto, popeza moyo wanu ndi moyo wa okondedwa anu zimatengera izi. Zipangizo zomanga ndi zamagulu osiyanasiyana oyanjanitsa. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a SNiP omwe amakhazikitsa mtunda wocheperako pakati pa nyumba zomwe zikumangidwa pamalowo, zomwe ndi:
- Miyezo 6 iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zomangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangira, monga konkriti kapena njerwa;
- Miyezi 8 iyenera kukhala pakati pa nyumba zomangira ndi njerwa zokhala ndi matabwa kapena zina zopangidwa ndi matabwa;
- Mamita 15 amawerengedwa ngati gawo labwino pakati pa nyumba zamatabwa.
Mamita osiyidwa pakati pa zinthuzi athandiza kupulumutsa nyumbayo ngati moto wayaka m'dera lapafupi, popeza moto sutha kufalikira kumanga pafupi. Ndipo ndikosavuta kwa zida zapadera kuyandikira pomwe pali poyikira, ngati sizotsekedwa ndi nyumba zambiri, zomangiranani.
Simungayesetse kupanga mpanda kuti ukhale pafupi ndi msewu, potero mukulitsa gawo la mpanda. Izi zimaphwanya zomwe zimadziwika kuti "chingwe chofiira" momwe nyumba zonse mumsewu zimalumikizana. Zilango zimayikidwa kwa ophwanya, omwe amatha kukhala kuwonongedwa kwa mpanda. Zonse zimatengera kulimbikira kwa olamulira, komwe nthawi zambiri "sikungachititse khungu 'kuphwanya malamulo kapena kungolipira chiwongola dzanja chokha.
Kutsatira miyezo yachitetezo pamoto kudzateteza osati zinthu zomwe zamanga pamalopo pamoto, komanso kupulumutsa miyoyo ya eni malo
Kumbukirani kuti kusadziwa chilamulo si chifukwa chabwino chokwaniritsira malamulowo. Chifukwa chake, kubisala kumbuyo kuti nthawi yoyamba yomwe mumva zofunikira pazomanga mipanda, sizigwira ntchito.
Zovuta ndi njira zokhazikika
Kusamvana komwe kumakhalapo pakati pa madera omwe ali pafupi komwe kumachitika makamaka kumayenderana ndi kukhazikitsa kosayenera kwa mpanda. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amodzi mwa maphwando amatenga mbali izi mosamala komanso mwanzeru, pokhulupirira kuti mnansiyo sangachite ndi alembi. Komabe, chipani chovulazidwacho sichikhala chete nthawi zonse, kumangokhala ndi mkwiyo mumtima, kapena chimangokhala kuchitira chipongwe. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa anthu kumathetsa milanduyi kukhothi, podziwa kuti chowonadi chili kumbali yawo. Chifukwa chake, kulanda mwachinyengo kwadera lachilendo posuntha mpanda wakale kapena kumanga yatsopano, kuyiyika pang'ono, sikulandiridwa mu nthawi yathu.
M'pofunika kukhoma mpanda m'dera lanu, kuti muwonongere mpanda womangidwa ndi chigamulo cha khothi mokomera oyandikana nawo
Pali njira ziwiri zopezera njira yothanirana ndi mavuto.
- Njira yoyamba igwiritsike ntchito kukhazikitsa bata mwamtendere, pamene maphwando akwanitsa kupeza yankho laulemu pakukambirana ndikukhazikitsa ubale wabwino.
- Njira yachiwiri ndiyowononga mphamvu, komanso yachuma, chifukwa imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mayendedwe amilandu, omwe amatha zaka zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe aliyense wa maphwando omwe ali otetezeka ku kutayika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali chiopsezo chotsalira pazokomera anthu ena ndikulipira ndalama pazomwe zawonongeka komanso kuwonongeka kwa mzake "wodedwa".
Chifukwa chake, mukuyenerabe kuyesabe kutsatira njira yamtendere, kukulitsa kukhala ndi inu mwaubwenzi komanso abale anu. Kupatula apo, dziko loipa ndilabwino kuposa lina lililonse, labwino kwambiri, nkhondo.
Bwanji osakangana ndi oyandikana nawo?
Muzochitika zonse m'moyo, muyenera kulumikizana ndi anthu okuzungulirani momwe mungafune kuti akuchitireni. Khalidwe lopambanali limakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi ubale wabwino, womwe ungawonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha mpanda wamtundu wina. Mwina m'modzi mwa maphwandowa apanga zopereka ndipo mwiniwakeyo apangana ndi lingaliro lakusintha pang'ono mpanda. Kupatula apo, anthu onsewa amafuna kuti ziwembu zawo zizingidwe ndi mpanda wolimba komanso wokongola. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali malo osakanikirana pazokonda zomwe zokambirana ziyenera kumangidwira potengera malamulo.
