Ambiri wamaluwa, makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito pamtunda wambiri ndi kutentha kwa nthaka, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto la matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal. Mankhwala apadera opangidwa ndi asayansi, otchedwa fungicides, amayitanidwa kuti athetse chiwonongeko ichi. Imodzi mwa mankhwalawa ndi "Mchiritsi" wa fungicide, makhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhaniyi.
Kupangidwe, mawonekedwe omasulidwa, kusungidwa
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili mbali ya mankhwalawa ndizo mancozeb (0,640 mg pa 1 g ya mankhwala) ndi metalaxyl (0.008 mg pa 1 g ya mankhwala), yomwe, motere, imaphatikizidwa mu mankhwala ambiri a dithiocarboxylic acids ndi acylanines.
Dzidziwitse ndi zina zotchedwa fungicides: Shavit, Cumulus, Merpan, Teldor, Folicur, Fitolavin, Horus, Delan, Zowonongeka, Tiovit Jet, Folicur, "Albit", "Antracol", "Topsin".
Kuwonjezera pa zinthu izi, zolembazo zimaphatikizansopo zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza kuti bwino mankhwalawa ndi zomera ndi kuteteza mpweya wa mankhwala mu sediment pambuyo dilution. 
Mukudziwa? Mavitamini a Phenol ndi imodzi mwa fungicides yabwino kwambiri yotchedwa sayansi, koma chifukwa cha kutchulidwa kwawo kwa phytotoxicity, ntchito yawo m'munda wa horticulture n'zosatheka.Mankhwalawa alipo ngati mawonekedwe oyera a ufa wonyezimira, wosasunthika ndi wopanda pake, sagwiritsanso ntchito pamatumba ndi pamtunda, sungunuke bwino m'madzi. Anatumizidwa mu phukusi la 25, 50, 250 g kapena 1 makilogalamu.
Pulogalamu ya Wachiritsi imakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza wopanga, dzina la yogwiritsira ntchito, chizindikiro cha "osati kudya", zizindikiro zogwiritsira ntchito, chiwerengero cha chilembetsero cha boma cholembetsa, chizindikiro cha "fungicide", mlingo woyenera ndi malangizo achidule kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chikhalidwe
Mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito zambiri ndipo amatha kukonza mndandanda wa zomera zosiyanasiyana - tomato, anyezi, mavwende, mavwende, nkhaka, mbatata ndi mphesa.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yosavuta kwambiri ya fungicides yomwe imadziwika ndi anthu ndi sulfure wamba ndi mankhwala ake osiyanasiyana, komanso salt ya zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka cadmium, copper ndi mercury.Chida ichi chimaperekanso chithandizo cha mankhwala akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kubwezeredwa (nyengo yozizira ndi tirigu), mapiko, ndi minda ya mpesa.
Chinthu chovulaza
Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza komanso opambana. pofuna kupewa matenda awa:
- Grey kuvunda ndi downy mildew anyezi ndi nkhaka.
- Alternaria, downy mildew, kuchepa kochedwa mu tomato.
- Chotsitsa cham'mbuyo ndi Alternaria mu mbatata.
- Downy mildew ndi powdery mildew mu mavwende ndi mavwende.
- Gray kuvunda, peronosporosis ndi alternariosis m'nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yogwiriridwa.
- Dothi lakuda, loyera ndi lovunda, zowawa m'minda yamphesa.
- Downy mildew m'mwamba.
Ubwino
Ubwino waukulu wa mankhwalawa ndi:
- Kukaniza mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mvula.
- Kukhoza kuloĊµa m'malo mwa zomera zomwe sizinachitike mwachindunji.
- Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbatata musanaikemo sitolo, zimatha kupereka chitetezo chokhalitsa komanso chokhalitsa.
- Pambuyo pokonza njira zimathandiza kuti mbewu zisamayesedwe matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola zambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa imfa mu ukalamba.
- Amatha kupereka chitetezo chodalirika ndi chokhazikika cha zomera zanu ngakhale pansi pa zovuta zachilengedwe.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
Mfundo yaikulu ya "Mchiritsi" pa zomera za mtundu uliwonse - dongosolo lothandizira. 
Metalaxyl, imodzi mwazikuluzikulu zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, imakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe chanu pamlingo wokwanira kwambiri ndipo imagawidwa mofanana mumapangidwe ake onse, motero imapanga chingwe chodalirika cha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta matenda a fungal, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa matendawa.
Ichi chimayambitsa chitukuko cha mycelium mkati mwa chomeracho, chimatulutsa ntchito yotulutsidwa pambuyo pake ndipo chimalepheretsa mapangidwe a spores.
Chinthu chachiwirichi - mancozeb - ndi fungicide yogonana, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga chitetezo chakunja kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kupanga ena kufanana kwa "filimu yoteteza". Kuonjezera apo, kupezeka mu chida cha chigawo ichi kumateteza kuchitika kotheka kwa kuvomereza kuchitidwa kwa fungicide ndi zowononga matenda.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kumwa mankhwala
Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito fungicide, timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti muphunzire mosamala malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito. Musanayambe kupopera mankhwala m'pofunika kupanga yankho la ntchito: pa 25 g ya mankhwala, 10 malita a madzi ayenera kutengedwa. Titatha kusanganikirana bwino, timapeza mankhwala okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chida ichi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwala kuyenera kuchitidwa. zisanakhale zizindikiro zoyamba komanso zowonjezereka chisanachitike chithunzi chokwanira cha matendawa. 
Kupopera mbewu, mapukidwe, mavwende, anyezi, tomato, mavwende ndi mbatata ziyenera kuchitika pa nyengo yokula. Kukonzekera kwotsatira kumeneku kuyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yamasiku 10-14.
Kupopera mbewu za mpesa kumapangidwa pambuyo pa tsamba lawo lachinayi, ndiko kuti, pa nthawi ya kukula kwa mpesa. Pakati pa mankhwala ayenera kukhala osachepera masiku khumi, ndipo mankhwala otsiriza ayenera kugwa pa tsiku la 12 mutangoyamba kumene maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti chithandizo chikhale ndi nyengo yopanda mphepo, zomwe zidzathandiza kupezeka bwino kwa mankhwala kumalo olima.Nthawi yochepa kuchokera kuchipatala chotsiriza, mutatha kuyamba kukolola: mphesa - pafupi masiku 25, nkhaka - masiku khumi, anyezi - masiku 30, tomato ndi mbatata - pafupi masiku 20.
Mitengo yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mwa njira izi:
- Kwa tomato - 2.5 makilogalamu / ha.
- Kwa rapese - 1.8-2.5 makilogalamu / ha.
- Pakuti mbatata, nkhaka, mavwende, mavwende, anyezi - 2.5-3 makilogalamu / ha.
- Kwa makoswe ndi mphesa - 3 makilogalamu / ha.
Njira zotetezera
Zinthu izi ndi za kalasi yachitatu ya ngozi kwa anthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakuchita naye ntchito ndikofunikira kusunga ndondomeko za chitetezo, kuvala suti zotetezera, zigoba, magolovesi a mpira ndi kupuma.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yovomerezeka ya ogwira ntchito kumunda akuchitidwa ndi mankhwalawa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zochitidwa ndi matsulo ndi masiku atatu, kugwira ntchito mwakhama - masiku asanu ndi awiri.Ngati mankhwalawa amalowa m'maso mwa maso, m'pofunika kuwasambitsa madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 15. Ngati mankhwalawa atsegula pakhungu, m'pofunikira kuti muzimutsuka pansi pamadzi, ndikuyesera kuti musakanize pakhungu.
Ngati chotupa chimalowa m'kamwa, m'pofunika kutsuka pakamwa ndi madzi ambiri ndi kubweretsa wodwalayo.
Nthawi ndi kusungirako zinthu
Thupi liyenera kusungidwa kwa ana ndi nyama, kutali ndi magetsi otseguka ndi dzuwa. Pewani kukhudzana ndi malo omwe amaphatikizapo kuphika, ndi mbale zomwe zimachokera. Moyo wanyumba - zaka zisanu. 
Kumbukirani kuti pogwiritsira ntchito chida ichi, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malamulo a chitetezo cha munthu aliyense ndipo musalole kuti zigwere pa malo osatetezeka a thupi lanu. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ndi chida ichi chingakuthandizeni polimbana ndi matenda omwe amakhudza zomera zanu.
