Chinsinsi cha katemera wa chitumbuwa chopambana: Malangizo ochitira mosiyanasiyana ndi mosiyanasiyana

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti kuphatikiza mtengo wa zipatso ndi njira yosavuta yofalitsira mitundu, kuwonjezera zokolola ndikusintha mikhalidwe yazipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imakulolani kuti muthane ndi vuto wamba losowa malo pamalowa. Zowonadi, pamtengo umodzi mungathe kuyika mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu yamitengo. Oyamba kumene amadzifunsa: kodi pali zotsutsana popereka katemera wamatcheri. M'malo mwake, zokongoletsera za Cherry ndizosavuta kwambiri. Aliyense angathe kuchita opareshoniyu atawerenga nkhaniyi.

Bwanji mubzale chitumbuwa

Katemera ndi njira ya agrotechnical yoperekera zipatso za mitengo yazipatso. Zimakhala ndi kusamutsa gawo limodzi mwa chomera china, ndi cholinga cha kukula kwawo ndikupanga chamoyo chimodzi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Loyamba limatchedwa scion - limaphatikizanso gawo la mtengo womwe uli pamtunda ndipo udzabala zipatso mtsogolo. Katundu wake ndi amene amasankha mtundu wa zipatso ndi zipatso. Gawo lamkati, i.e., mizu ndi maziko a chitsa, amatchedwa stock. Kugwira kwina kwa mbewu kumatengera kukana kwake.

Ubwino wa katemera ndikuti umapangitsa kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri:

1. Kusungidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kufalikira kwa mbewu zamitundu yambiri yamatcheri sikumalola chomera chambiri kulandira mawonekedwe onse amayi.
2. Mathamangitsidwe a nthawi ya kupanga woyamba mbewu. Mitengo yolumikizidwa imayamba kubala zipatso zaka 2-3 mutalumikizidwa. Pomwe mbewu zomwe zidamera pamwala zimafunika zaka 5-8.
3. Kubwezeretsa m'munda. Mitengo yakale yomwe idaleka kubzala kale idulidwa ndikubzala ndi zodulidwa zatsopano.
4. Kuchuluka kwa kukana matenda ndi zowononga zachilengedwe. Katemera amakulolani kuphatikiza mitundu yamaluwa yabwino poyerekeza nyengo ndi abale awo opanda nyama, potero kumakulitsa kupirira kwa mbewu.
5. Kuphatikiza kwa zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamtundu umodzi.
6. Sungani malo m'munda. Pa tsinde limodzi, mphukira zamitundu yamitundu yamitundu yambiri zimatha kukula.

Katemera amatha kupulumutsa mtengo wosweka ngati mizu yake ili ndi moyo.

Kanema: bwanji mukufunika kubzala mitengo ya zipatso

Mukadzala liti yamatcheri: nthawi ya katemera

Pali nthawi ziwiri za katemera wopambana:

• kasupe - koyambirira kwa Marichi - khumi oyamba a Epulo;
• M'chilimwe - theka lachiwiri la Julayi - pakati pa Ogasiti.

Nthawi yeniyeni zimatengera nyengo yam'maderawo komanso njira yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, zomwe wamaluwa akuchita zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yabwino akadali masika - koyambirira koyambira kwamphamvu. Pakadali pano, kuthekera kwa kutha kopambana kwabwino kwambiri.

M'chilimwe, katemera amachitika pamene kukula kwa nthambi kuzimiririka. Amachita izi ndikudulidwa kobiriwira, koma magwiridwe antchito amachepetsedwa, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa nkhuni kumachulukitsidwa ndipo kulumikizidwa kwa zigamba za cambial za mbewu zikutha.

Katemera nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Pansi pa nyengo ya thaws yayitali, kuphatikiza pang'ono ndi stock ndi scion kumachitika, koma pamapeto pake kumatha kumayambiriro kwamasika.

M'nyengo yozizira, mtengowo umapuma ndipo umachepetsa njira za metabolic, motero sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ubzale.

Momwe mungabzala zipatso zamtengo wapatali: zoyambira zazikulu ndi njira za katemera

Kuti ma opaleshoni othandizira azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, muyenera kuganizira malamulo apadera a katemera:

1. Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika ndi chida chapadera - mpeni wa katemera. Ndikofunika kuti iwongoleredwe kukhala lezala. Kupanda kutero, kusayang'anira kumatha kutsalira pazigawo, zomwe zimakhudza kupsinjika kwa kulumikizana ndi scion ndi stock.
   

   Mipeni ya katemera ndi yamitundu iwiri: kukopera (a) ndi kuphulika (b)
2. Pofuna kupewa kuyambitsidwa ndi bowa, zida zonse ziyenera kupetedwa.
3. Zochita zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu momwe zingathere. Madzi amapezeka pazigawo, zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza coalescence.
4. Ngati katundu ali padzuwa lotseguka, njirayi itatha, tsamba la katemerayo liyenera kukhala lamithunzi. Izi zikuchepetsa chiopsezo chotentha kwa scion yomwe yatsala.

Pali njira zambiri zokalumikiza mitengo yazipatso, koma zipatso zamtchire zimamera bwino ngati muimata ndi imodzi mwanjira zitatu izi: Ankalumikiza ndi impso, kumalumikiza pa khungwa, komanso kumalumikiza pang'onopang'ono.

Katemera ndi shank ya khungwa la Cher

Kutemera kwa khungwa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pomwe amatuluka, pomwe khungwa limasiyidwa kumbuyo kwa nkhuni. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ma diameter a stock ndi scion ali osiyana kwambiri. Katemera motere amachitika motere:

1. 2 mpaka 4 kudula kumakonzedwa kutengera makulidwe amtundu. Gawo la mtanda limapangidwa pamtundu wa work work.
2. Chotetemacho chimadulidwa ndi hacksaw ndipo amachidula ndi mpeni.
3. Pa kotekisi, zigawo zazitali kwambiri zosaposa 5 cm zimapangidwa.
   

   Kucheka pakatikati kumapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, popanda kuwononga nkhuni

4. Makungwa akutseguka, scion imayikidwa kotero kuti kagawo kake kamasemphana ndi nkhuni zamatoko.
   

   Ngati m'mimba mwake mulibe, mungathe kubzala mpaka ma 4 kutalika kwa khungwa

5. Katemera ndi wokutidwa ndi wokutidwa ndi var.

Momwe mungabyalare chitumbuwa ndi impso

Njira imeneyi imatchedwa akatswiri. Imachitika pa nthambi yaying'ono yamtundu uliwonse posamutsa axillary bud wa chitumbuwa. Katemera amachitika motere:

1. Impso zimakololedwa nthawi yomweyo zisanachitike kufalikira: Maso amadulidwa kuchokera phesi limodzi ndi khungwa (nkhanambo) 1.5-2 cm.
   

   Impso imadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa

2. Pamakungwa a chitsa, chowoneka ngati T chimapangidwa.
3. Makulidwewo amakula bwino, impso imayikidwamo ndi kukanikizidwa ndi thumba la kakhothi kotero kuti msomali wokha ndi womwe umatsala kunja.
   

   Kukhazikitsidwa kwa impso pamwamba pa kotekisi

4. Tsamba lomwe limatsanuliralo limakulungidwa ndi tepi yamagetsi kuti impso ili m'mwamba.

Njira imeneyi ya katemera imadziwika kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri pamtengowo. Ngakhale impso singazike mizu, kuchepa kwa kotekisiyo kumachedwetsedwa mwachangu.

Gawani katemera

Anthu ambiri amatcha katemera wa splint odana ndi ukalamba - phesi yaying'ono limamangirizidwa kumapeto kwa nthambi kapena thunthu. Ikani njira iyi pomwe makulidwe amtunduwo ali kangapo makulidwe amtambo.

Katemera m'khomali amapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopulumuka: pa zochitika khumi, zisanu ndi zinayi ndizochita bwino.

Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi isanayambike zomerazi, mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kuphunzitsa ma cherries motere ndikofunikira:

1. Kukolola phesi yokhala ndi impso 3-4. Dulani maziko ake ndi mpeni kuti mupange mbali ziwiri.
2. Mizu yotalika kutalika ndi zoyera.
3. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena chipewa, gawanitsani chitsa pakati ndipo osapitirira 10 cm.
   

   Pofuna kuti muchepetse kutseka, mutha kuyikapo kachigawo kakang'ono
4. Ikani chofufumitsa m'malo mwa chogawikacho kuti makungwa ake agwirizane ndi khungwa la sitoko. Ngati makulidwe omalizirawo amalola, ndiye kuti zodulidwa ziwiri zitha kubweretsedwa mgawikidwe nthawi yomweyo.
   

   Shank imakhala yozama kotero kuti zigawo zake za cambial zimagwirizana ndi sitoko

5. Pukutani malo katemera ndi chingwe kapena nthiti ndikuyikonza ndi var.

Katemera amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji

Kaya katemera adakwanitsa kuwoneka mu sabata limodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri. Chizindikiro cha kupulumuka chidzakhala kukula kwa impso pa scion. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, mphukira kuchokera 20 cm mpaka 1 mita kutalika kuchokera kwa iwo.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa tepi yamagetsi chaka, chifukwa panthawiyi foni ya callus ikadzapanga katemera - chisindikizo chomwe chimafanana ndi chimanga.

Mphamvu ya opaleshoni yochitidwa opaleshoni ikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi mbewu yoyamba, yomwe iwonekere zaka 2-3.

Mizu yamatcheri: mitundu yayikulu

Gawo loyamba pakukonza ma cherries ndikusankha ndi kulima masheya. Zimatha kukhala mbalame yakutchire kapena mtengo wobzalidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe wolimayo sanakonze, kapena mphukira zoyambira. Chachikulu ndichakuti masheya akhale:

• yogwirizana ndi scion;
• ndinazolowera nyengo yam'deralo;
• khalani ndi mizu yoyambira.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira mawonekedwe azomwe mumakhala pazitupa ndi ma scion. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuphatikiza kudula kwa mitundu yamapeto ndi masheya am'mbuyomu komanso mosemphanitsa.

Ndi zina zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Amatcheri samazika mizu pa mitengo yakale. Kuyika kukhala mitengo yaying'ono kapena nthambi kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
2. Kuyandikira kwambiri ubale pakati pa zikhalidwe, ndikoyenera kuti kupulumuka.

Dzala Cherry

Kulumikizana kwamatcheri pamtunda wokulirapo kapena wocheperako kukuyamba kutchuka. Komabe, maziko oterewa ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zingapo.

Gome: Ubwino ndi zoyipa za chitsa chochepa kwambiri

Kutalika kwamatcheri obzala pamtengo wamtali kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukolola

Mitundu yotchuka yamatangadza ofooka:

• VSL-1 - yowonjezeredwa ndi kusakanikirana kwa ma Cherpepe a steppe ndi ma cherries aku Lannesian. Kugwirizana ndi mitundu yonse yamatcheri. Kubala kumayambira zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Nthawi yobala ndi zaka 15-18. Imalekerera dothi lakuya, lamadzi ndi chilala, zosagwirizana ndi zowola za mizu komanso khansa ya bacteria. Matenda a masamba satikhudzidwa. Sipanga mizu. Frost kukaniza mizu ndi pafupifupi.
• VSL-2 - yopezeka chifukwa chodutsa ma shrub a cherub ndi ma seva yamatchire. Oyenera pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamatcheri. Zima ndi nyengo yozizira. Sipanga mizu. Osaleka kuzika mizu, cococycosis ndi khansa ya bacteria. Ili ndi mizu yolimba bwino.
• Colt - yopezeka pollinating yamatcheri osaneneka ndi yamatcheri. Kugwirizana ndi mitundu yonse yamatcheri. Mitengo ya Cherry yomwe inajambulidwa pa Colt imakhala ndi nduwira zazing'ono 20-45% kuposa zitsamba za silvery. Mitengo yoyambirira imabala zipatso ndipo imabala zipatso zambiri, nthawi zonse. Zimathandizira kukulitsa zipatso. Tchire la uterine ndi piramidi, lalifupi. Pali chitsamba chowerengeka kuthengo, nthawi zambiri sichikhala ndi nthambi zina. Zofalitsidwa mosavuta ndi lignified cuttings. Colt sanafalikire chifukwa chotsika kwambiri chisanu chofikira mizu ngakhale kum'mwera kwa dera komanso kuthinana kwamphamvu ndi khansa ya muzu.

Mutha kugula mbande zazifupi m'masitolo apadera kapena ku nazale.

Adadzola chitumbuwa ngati katundu

Ferry chitumbuwa chomera msanga, chomera chilala komanso chololera kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chuma cha maula a chitumbuwa, pichesi, maula ndi apurikoti. Zikhalidwe zomwe adalumikizidwa kumtengowo zimafikira zazing'onozing'ono ndikuyamba kubala zipatso zaka 3.

Chimodzi mwazabwino za kumva chitumbuwa monga sitolo ndiko kusowa kwathunthu kwa masamba oyambira

Ngakhale ubale wapamtima, kumva chitumbuwa kumangogwirizana ndi mitundu ina yamatcheri oyalidwa.

Ndiosavuta kulima pamtengo. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi njere, motere:

1. Zipatso zowoneka bwino zimasankhidwa. Mafupawo amatsukidwa zamkati, kutsukidwa bwino ndikuwuma pamthunzi. Ikusungidwa mumagalasi ali ndi malo abwino.
2. M'dzinja loyambilira, njere zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikusungidwa mufiriji.
3. Mutha kubzala mbewu m'nthaka isanayambe chisanu kapena masika. Mbewu imayikidwa mu dothi lachonde ndikuya masentimita awiri ndikuwaza ndi chisakanizo cha peat, utuchi, humus.

Chilimwe chotsatira, chisamaliro choyenera, mbande zimatha kutalika mpaka 1 m.

Momwe mungabzala zipatso zamatcheri

Kuyika ma cherries okhala ndi yamatcheri sikungakhale kovuta ngakhale kwa oyambitsa wamaluwa. Kutalikirana kwa anthu amtundu umodzi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Ngati chitumbuwa chachikhalidwe chikaphatikizidwa ndi masewera amtchire ngati katundu, ndiye kuti mtengowo umapirira ndikuwusintha malinga ndi nyengo yamderalo.

Kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo pa tsinde limodzi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, komabe, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yomweyo maluwa.

Katemera wamatcheri amitundu yamaluwa

Chipatso chodziwika bwino cha mbalame, chomwe chimapezeka ponseponse, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wamatcheri, makamaka kumpoto, chifukwa chimapatsa chisanu chamatalala komanso kukana matenda ambiri. Komabe, mitundu ina yamatcheri itha kupatsidwa katemera wamtundu wina wamtundu wa mbalame - antipku.

Kanema: Antipka monga katundu wa chitumbuwa

Ankalumikiza Cherry pa Turn

Cherry imagwirizana bwino ndi prickly blackthorn (blackthorn). Koma malingaliro oterewa amapatsa nyakulima zovuta zambiri polimbana ndi mphukira zoyambira.

Blackthorn kapena prickly plum imasinthana bwino ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndipo imasamutsira ukatsitsimu

Kodi ndizotheka kubzala chitumbuwa pa chitumbuwa

Kuphatikiza kwa chitumbuwa ndi zonunkhira za maula ndizotheka. Katundu wotere umapatsa kukana chisanu ndi kupirira kwa chitumbuwa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka pakati pa zikhalidwe izi ndikotsika kwambiri.

Kanema: Sinthani chitumbuwa chambiri kukhala chitumbuwa

Ankalumikiza chitumbuwa paula

Maula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsa cha akerubi chifukwa zipatso zamiyala ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti mbande zakuthengo za maula ndizoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kutengera zochitika zachilengedwe komanso kukaniza matenda ambiri.

Katemera wamatcheri amachitidwanso pamitengo yamitundumitundu.

Kuphatikizika kwa chitumbuwa ndi maula monga sitolo kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza mtengo mpaka 3 mita kutalika ndi maluwa okongola oyera-apinki omwe amawoneka kwambiri ngati sakura.

Kanema: Kulumikiza ma plum a cherry kukhala magawikano

Kodi ndizotheka kubzala yamatcheri pa maapulo ndi mapeyala

Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali momwe olima m'mayesero amayesera kuphatikiza yamatcheri ndi apulo kapena peyala zikuwonetsa kuti katemera sangathe. Kuika zipatso zamiyala kukhala mbewu zamatamba sikungatheke. Malongosoledwe agona pa ubale "wapachibale" wa mitengo yazipatso iyi: apulo ndi peyala ndi amtundu woyambira Yablonevye, ndi chitumbuwa cha Plum.

Kodi iwo amabzala yamatcheri phulusa lamapiri ndi nyanja

Scion scion simazika mizu paphiri la phulusa, ngakhale mitengo iyi ndi yamodzi wobiriwira - mitengo ya Plum.

Sea buckthorn sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scion yamatcheri.

Chifukwa chake, kulumikiza kwamatcheri si mwambo wamatsenga wapadera. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yopangira chidwi, yomwe ngakhale woyamba kuyidziwa bwino. Chachikulu ndichakuti musakhale wokhumudwa ngati katemera sanatenge mizu nthawi yoyamba. Kulimbikira ndi kudekha mtima kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.