Spring imabwera, ndipo ndi nayo phindu la pachaka lokhudzana ndi ntchito ya m'munda. Wowonjezera kutentha amafunikira chidwi chapadera: chimango chiyenera kukonzedwa, dothi liyenera kukhala lopachikidwa ndi matenda. Olima munda amadziwa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera kutentha zomwe zimapereka, choncho samapatula nthawi kapena ndalama pokonzekera.
Kukonzekera nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha musanadzalemo kumayambira kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa April ndipo zikuphatikizaponso ntchito zambiri zovomerezeka: Kutaya nthaka, kutentha kwa nthaka, kuwonjezeka kwa nthaka.
Kodi ndi njira ziti za dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi?
Kuthetsa dothi kumathandiza kuti muteteze zomera ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Amaluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti m'nyengo yozizira amawononga tizilombo towononga tonsefe. Izo siziri.
Mabakiteriya ndi bowa zimapulumuka mosavuta kutentha, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo zimadzuka ndikupitirizabe kukula mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kuti zisawonongeke. Ndiye momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito wowonjezera kutentha pambuyo pachisanu?
Disinfection Kutaya kowonjezera kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumapeto kwa kasupe kuyenera kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, koma kusokoneza ubwino wa mankhwalawa.
Kuchetsa mankhwala
Chloric mandimu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, ndipo m'chaka. 
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira zotsimikiziridwa za nthaka disinfection. Mu kugwa, nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha ikhoza kutsitsidwa mosamala ndi mchere wambiri wa laimu, koma kumapeto kwa kasupe mumangoyenera kupopera pang'onokotero kuti zolemba siziwononge kukula kwa zomera zamtsogolo.
Mu 10 malita a madzi, sungunulani 400 g wa laimu ndipo mulole izo brew kwa maola 4. Pambuyo pake, njira yofookayi inapangidwira iyenera kuyengedwa mu botolo lachitsulo kuti ayese fumbi, ndipo zotsalira zowonjezera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito padenga ndi makoma a wowonjezera kutentha.
Kusuta kumachotsa:
- miyendo yakuda;
- zizindikiro;
- ndulu nematode;
- phytophtora;
- zovunda zoyera.
Sulfure mankhwala
Kuwotcha kutentha kwa sulfure - Njira yodziwika yothetsera tizilombo towononga. Chifukwa cha sulfure zotentha, oksidi a sulfuric ndi sulfuric acid amatulutsidwa, zomwe zimamenyana ndi mabakiteriya. Njira yochepa yokhayi ya njirayi ndi yakuti sulfure dioxide imapangidwanso nthawi zonse: idzakhalabe panthaka ndipo idzapita ku zipatso za zomera zomwe zalimidwa.
Pali njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito sulfure:
Kutentha Makhiristo Sulfure. Pofuna kupanga 1 m3 ya wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kutenga 50-150 g sulfure (malingana ndi chiwerengero cha tizirombo ta chaka chatha). Ng'ombe ziyenera kuikidwa pazitsulo zamitengo, kuziika m'makona osiyanasiyana a wowonjezera kutentha, kenako nkuyaka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito sulfure yapadera "checkers". Ayenera kuika m'makona a wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha.
Ndikofunikira! Njira zonsezi zimafuna kutsata njira zosavuta zopezera chitetezo. Kuwombera kumachitika ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi mpweya wa maski ndi magolovesi otetezera. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa makhiristo kapena "checkers" mu wowonjezera kutentha sikungakhale.
Mu chipinda cha fumigated ndikofunikira kukhalabe otentha - 10-15ºС. Pambuyo pokonza, wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kutseka, ndipo patapita masiku atatu - kutuluka.
Sulfure imathetsa:
- fungi;
- nkhungu;
- nkhupakupa;
- slugs
Kuthetsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli
Mwezi umodzi musanadzale wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukonzedwa 40% yothetsera vutoli. Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 10-12ºє kotero kuti formalin isasinthe. Processing ikuchitika mu mpweya mask. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumawonjezeka kufika 25 ° C, ndipo tsiku lotsatira - kutsegula chipinda.
Formalin amawononga:
- kangaude;
- fungasi;
- nkhungu;
- whitefly.
Mkuwa wa sulfate
Kukonzekera bwino mkuwa sulphate amapangidwa mu kugwa; kumapeto, makoma ndi denga la wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kutsitsidwa ndi njira yeniyeni ya 10%.
Mkuwa wa sulfate amawononga:
- phytophtora;
- powdery mildew;
- kangaude;
- kuvunda;
- nkhanambo
Kuchiza ndi mapangidwe apadera
Tsopano malo ogulitsira amapereka mankhwala akuluakulu osankhidwa kuti athetse ndi mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya, choncho alimi angasankhe omwe amayendetsa bwino wowonjezera kutentha kwawo. Mapangidwe apadera ndi abwino chifukwa samafunikanso nthawi yayitali: pambuyo pawo mukhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri nthaka yobereka: amathetsa nayitrogeni, amawononga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, amamanga zitsulo zolemera, amachititsa kuti mahomoni ambiri azikula.
Kusintha kwa nthaka
Ndizo njira yodalirika komanso yothandiza kwambiri Kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: nthaka yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya imachotsedweratu ndikusintha ndi yatsopano.
Kusintha kwa nthaka - ntchito zovuta komanso zodulaChoncho si oyenera malo akuluakulu obiriwira.
Kusintha mbewu zomwe anabzala
Alimi amadziwa kuti zomera zosiyanasiyana zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Choncho, nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kudzala mu nthaka yowonongeka chikhalidwe chatsopano chomwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira ya kutentha
Mitundu yambiri imatha kusamalidwa bwino. dulani nthaka ndi madzi otentha. Mutatha kuthirira mabedi, jambulani ndi filimu ya cellophane kuti nthunzi ifike m'munsi mwa nthaka ndikuiwononga.
Chithunzi
Tayang'anani pa chithunzi: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito wowonjezera kutentha musanadzalemo
Kodi kuchotsa phytophthora?
Amaluwa ambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi funsoli: momwe angagwiritsire ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku phytophtoras m'chaka?
Phytophthora - Maloto olakwika kwa aliyense wamaluwa. Izi ndi bowa lomwe limakhudza mbewu zonse zowonongeka - tomato, mbatata, biringanya, tsabola. Phytophthora ikhoza kuwononga chomera chirichonse kuchokera ku mizu kupita ku zipatso.
Zipatso za chomera chokhudzidwa ndi choipitsa, sitingadye, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kutulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwotchedwa kuti chiteteze matendawa kuti asafalikire ku tchire. Komabe, njira zotere sizibweretsa zotsatira: kamodzi kamapezeka, phytophtora ikhoza kuwononga theka la mbeu.
Ndikofunikira! Kupewa phytophthora kumayambira kugwa. Mutatha kukolola, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala zitsalira zonse za zomera ndi kuziwotcha kunja kwa munda.
Ngati mu wowonjezera kutentha kunali kuphulika kochedwa kwambiri, m'pofunikira kuchitira nthaka ndi kukonzekera - "Fitosporin". Musanayambe kubzala, chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika katatu.
Nanga bwanji ngati dzikoli "langotopa"?
Kutopa kwa dziko lapansi mu wowonjezera kutentha - izi sizili ngati kusowa kwa chonde. Chaka chilichonse, zomera zimachotsa zakudya zonse pansi, kuzichotsa ndi kuzifooketsa. Kuti mupeze mbewu yatsopano, imafuna nayitrogeni, phosphorous, calcium, potaziyamu, ndi zina zambiri. Choncho, chakudya cha zakudya chiyenera kubwereranso.
Njira yosavuta yochezera chonde ndi chomera chomera chomera chobiriwira mu wowonjezera kutentha. Momwemonso amatchedwa zomera zomwe zimangokhala zobiriwira pang'onopang'ono: phacelia, cress, vetch, mpiru, rye, oats, clover. Mphukira ndi mizu yawo ndizochokera kwabwino kwambiri kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 3 kg ya masamba oterewa amalowetsa makilogalamu 1.5 a manyowa, omwe nthawizonse akhala akuwoneka kuti ndi feteleza abwino pa nthaka.
Pamene kudula kumera ndikukula, amadulidwa, kenaka amaletsedwa pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3. Mizu yakufa imakhala chakudya cha mphutsi zomwe zimamasula nthaka, zimapangidwanso bwino ndikuzaza nthaka ndi mpweya. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mbewu zazikulu zingabzalidwe m'malo olima.
Kodi mungamere bwanji nthaka?
Pokonzekera wowonjezera kutentha kwa kubzala, fetereza imathandiza kwambiri. Mlimi angagwiritse ntchito feteleza kapena zokonzedwa mineral complexeszomwe zili ndi zakudya zonse zofunika.
Organic fetereza kwa wowonjezera kutentha
Muyeso organic fertilizer Mtsinje wa sludge, peat, makungwa a mitengo, bango, humus, zitosi za mbalame, zinyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsimikiziro chopindulitsa cha feteleza chotero ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
Amadzaza nthaka ndi zakudya ndikumanga ntchito yofunikira ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi thandizo lawo mukhoza kutenthetsa nthaka, yomwe ingalole kuti muyambe kubzala mbewu yoyamba kale.
Manyowa opindulitsa kwambiri pa nthaka ndi manyowa. Lili ndi zakudya zonse. Nthaka yokhala ndi manyowa imakhala yotayirira, kuwala, airy.
Manyowa akhoza kulumikizidwa pansi pansi pa autumn ndi masika. Mu kugwa, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zatsopano: mpaka masika, zidzatchedwa perepret ndikusandulika bwino kuvala zitsamba zamtsogolo. Koma m'chaka chiri bwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa: caustic zinthu zomwe zili muzatsopano zimatha kuwononga mizu ya mbande.
Mchere wamchere
Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zokolola kumathandizidwa ndi feteleza nthaka ndi mchere wambiri. Koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala: mlingo woyenera ukhoza kusokoneza dziko lonse lapansi lachonde. Mlimi amene amasankha kudzala nthaka yotentha ndi mchere ayenera kuwerengera.
Pali feteleza omwe amapereka nthaka ndi zinthu zina: phosphorous, nayitrogeni kapena potaziyamu. Iwo amatchedwa ophweka. Koma otchuka kwambiri zovuta fetelezaomwe amapereka mbande zonse kamodzi ndi zakudya zina.
Mlimi aliyense amadziwa kufunika kokonzekera nthaka pokonzekera kutentha kwa mbeu. Ndipotu, kokha ngati mutatsatira mosamala malangizowo onse, mukhoza kupeza zokolola zabwino ndikupatsa banja lanu zokondweretsa zachilengedwe m'nyengo yonse yozizira.
