Stonecrop (sedum) - maluwa osatha ochokera ku banja la Crassulaceae. Kwawo kwa mbewuyo ndi malo otsetsereka ndi madera aku America, Africa ndi Europe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo kapena malo, komanso zolinga zamankhwala. Dzinalo Lachilatini limamasulira kuti "pacify", lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Dzinali la ku Russia limachokera ku liwu loti "yeretsani", chifukwa kutenga decoction kumathandizira matumbo. Kuphatikiza pa mayina awa, monga "kabichi kalulu", "violin" ndi "udzu wa fever" amadziwika.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Maluwa a Stonecrop - udzu wachidule waudzu wokoma wokhala ndi moyo wautali kapena wokulirapo. Mitundu yonse ikhoza kugawidwa kukhala thermophilic yotentha, yomwe m'matalikidwe athu imakula ngati mbewu zamkati, ndi nyengo yozizira, yolimba. Chifukwa cha nthambi zoyambira, stonecrop imapanga shrub kapena shrub.
Pa mphukira zazingwe mumakhala masamba opanda masamba, opanda masamba kapena masamba ovoid. Amatha kukhala osalala kwathunthu (mawonekedwe a disk) kapena otupa, ngati ma cylinders ang'ono. Masamba akutsutsana. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira, wonyezimira kapena wapinki. Mitundu ya masamba siyimangotengera mitundu ndi mitundu, komanso momwe zinthu zikukula - pakuwala kwambiri kapena pamthunzi, motsogozedwa ndi mphepo, kutengera kapangidwe ndi dothi. Zomera zamtundu umodzi zimatha kukhala zobiriwira kapena zokutidwa ndi banga.
M'nyengo yotentha kapena yophukira, miyala yamaluwa imaphukira mu maambulera owonda, okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono owoneka bwino. Kupaka maluwa ndi oyera, achikaso, abuluu, ofiira. Phale lokhotakhota limakhazikika limodzi kukhala chubu chopapatiza, kuchokera pomwe panali gulu lalikulu la owonda ndi mzere wa thumba losunga mazira. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino lomwe limakopa tizilombo tothandiza. Stonecrops ndi mbewu zabwino za uchi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mtundu wa miyala ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu 600 yazomera imalembetsa mmenemo. Pachikhalidwe, pazinthu zokongoletsera, ndizomera zochepa chabe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Stonecrop ndiwodziwika. Munthu wokhala ku East Asia amakula mpaka 50 cm. Amamera modumphadumpha ndipo amakhala wopanda phokoso. Masamba ozungulira popanda mapesi amakula pazomera. Zojambulazo ndi utoto wonyezimira bwino komanso pakati. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndi ser serandi kapena wavy. M'chilimwe, ma ambulate inflorescences amaphuka mpaka masentimita 15. Amakhala ndi zazing'ono (mpaka 1 cm), maluwa okongola ngati utoto wa lilac-pinki.
Stonecrop ndi yayikulu, ndiyachilendo komanso mankhwala. Wotalika 25-30 cm wamtali ali ndi phesi lokwera komanso masamba osalala. M'mphepete mwa masamba ozungulira mumalumikizidwa. Zomera zimatulutsa theka lachiwiri la Julayi kwambiri. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi uchi wabwino kwambiri. Pamwamba pa tsinde limakongoletsedwa ndi inflorescence yowala ya corymbose, yopangidwa ndi nyenyezi zazing'ono zambiri zokhala ndi stamens yayitali. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Matron - makulidwe ofikira mpaka 60 masentimita omwe amakutidwa ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi m'mphepete redding, amaphulika mu kuwala kwapinki inflorescence yapinki;
- Linda Windsor - maroon imayambira ndi masamba ofiira amdima omwe amatha ndi ma ruby ​​hemispherical inflorescence.
Stonecrop wofiirira. Tizilombo tosakhazikika tating'ono totalika 20-60 masentimita amtundu wowongoka, wokhala ndi masamba komanso chiphuphu cholimba. Masamba ofiira amakula kachiwiri. Kutalika kwawo ndi 3-10 cm.Mwezi wa June-Seputembara, ma ambulera apinki ochepa amakhala otseguka.
Stonecrop ndi yoyera. Nyumba zogona zimafikira 20cm kutalika ndipo zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe mu kugwa amakhala pinki kapena ofiirira. Pakutha kumapeto kwa kasupe, inflorescence yotayirira imatulutsa pamayendedwe opanda 12-16 cm motalika ndi nyenyezi zoyera.
Stonecrop ndi caustic. Nthambi zanthete zotalika mpaka 10 cm zimakutidwa ndi masamba owumbika osazungulira. Kutalika kwa ma sheet sikapitirira 6 mm. Pakufupikitsa maluwa, mapesi otulutsa maluwa amatulutsa timiyala tating'ono ta golide wachikasu. Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-June.
Stonecrop ndi yabodza. Chomera cholimba kwambiri nthawi yozizira chimakhala ndi mpweya wautali komanso wowoneka bwino. Masamba ofiira, amdima obiriwira amtundu wa ovoid amakula mosiyana. Ali ndi zigawo zoyenda kapena zopindika. Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe ambulera yakuphatikiza kuphatikiza maluwa ofiirira kapena apinki.
Scum ya Morgan. Mitundu ya ku Mexico imamera mphukira mpaka 1 mita; imafalikira pansi, ndikupanga kapeti wokuta. Masamba angapo ozungulira kapena ozungulira amakula 1.5-2 masentimita m'litali ndi 5mm kukula kwake. Amazijambula utoto wonyezimira bwino. Lililonse la peduncle limatha ndi ambulera yolimba ya masamba a pinki kapena ofiira.
Stonecrop Kamchatka. herbaceous osatha ndi zokwawa rhizome amakula 30-40 cm kutalika. Mitengo yomwe ikukwera imakutidwa ndi masamba owuma ndi mano osalala m'mphepete. M'chilimwe, maluwa a lalanje amatulutsa.
Stonecrop of Evers. Masamba ofiira obiriwira amapanga chitsamba chowoneka bwino masentimita 30. Amaphimbidwa ndi masamba osiyana ndi mtima wokhala ndi gawo lotalika 2-5 masentimita. M'mphepete mwa masamba ali ndi malire a pinki. Nyenyezi za pinki zomwezo ndi miyala yozungulira zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'm inflorescence yayikulu yomwe imaphimba chitsamba ndi chipewa cholimba.
Stonecrop anawerama. Munda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka ngati masamba obiriwira. Mu April, wandiweyani wa chikasu inflorescence pachimake pazovala zazifupi mpaka 30 cm.
Njira zolerera
Stonecrops zimaswana mophweka. Chifukwa cha ichi, wamaluwa akupezeka motere:
- Kufesa mbewu. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatulutsidwa kumene m'dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika zimafesedwa mumiyala yokonzeka ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimagawidwa bwino pansi, ndikuwaza ndi dothi lonyowa pamwamba. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi. Kuti achulukane, miphika ya masabata awiri imasamutsidwa kupita kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa 0 ... + 5 ° C. Nthaka imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse ndipo condensate imachotsedwa. Kenako chidebecho chimabwezeretsedwa kuchipinda chosangalatsa (+ 18 ... + 20 ° C) ndipo mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 15-30. Amakula kwambiri mpaka dziko lonse lapansi lophimbidwa ndi kapeti wobiriwira. Kuyambira pano, pogona sikofunikira. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri zimayenda pansi pang'ono. Amasungidwa ndi kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana ndi kutentha kwa firiji. Pamasiku ofunda, mbande zimatengedwa kunja kuti ziumitse.
- Kudula. Stonecrop imayambira mosavuta mosavuta ikakhudzana ndi nthaka. Monga kudula mumagwiritsa ntchito njira za kukula kulikonse komanso masamba amodzi. Zodula zimasungidwa kwa maola angapo, chifukwa chake zimabzalidwa m'munda wamdambo ndi mchenga wambiri. Ndipo ndikakanikizidwa pang'ono. Kudula kumathiridwa madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Pakupita milungu ingapo, adzazika mizu ndikuyamba kukula.
- Gawani chitsamba. Chomera chachikulu chokulirapo chimafalikira pogawa nthangala. Chapakatikati amawumba, amasula mosamala pansi ndikuudula. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mphukira zingapo ndi masamba. Malo omwe amadulira amathandizidwa ndi fungicide ndikuwuma, kenako ndikufesedwa m'nthaka yatsopano.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
M'mundamo, miyala yamiyala imatenga malo abwino. Mu mthunzi pang'ono iwo amatha kukula, koma pachimake ndizoyipa. Simuyenera kubzala miyala yamiyala pansi pa mbewu zovunda, kuti mu kugwa simakutidwa ndi masamba.
Kubala kumachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi, nyengo yofunda ikakhazikitsidwa. Malowa amakumbidwa, ngati ndi kotheka, humus ndi kompositi zimayambitsidwa. Amakumba mabowo osaya m'mizere yotalika masentimita 20. Mtundu uliwonse, ngakhale dothi losauka, miyala yamiyala ndi miyala yamchenga ndioyenera chomera. Mitundu yokongoletsera imafuna nthaka yachonde. Mutabzala, kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira. Maluwa amayembekezeka kuchokera zaka 2-3 za moyo.
Kusiya kumaphatikizapo kupalira nthawi zonse, chifukwa mbewu zimadwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa namsongole. Kupatulako ndi kuyamwa kwa caustic, komwe kumatha kulimbana ndi udzu palokha.
Masamba ofunikira amadzaza madzi okwanira kuti apulumuke pachilala chochepa. M'masiku otentha, popanda mpweya, miyala yamwala iyenera kuthiriridwa. Madzi sayenera kuyendayenda m'nthaka nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mbewuzo zimakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Feteleza wokhazikika sikufunika kwa stonecrops. Mitundu yambiri imachita popanda kudyetsa. Mitundu yokongoletsera imakonzedwa kawiri (mu Epulo ndi Ogasiti-Sepemba). Zokwanira theka kutumikiridwa kwa michere yonse.
Zomera zimadulidwa nthawi zonse. Komanso, inflorescence yoyenda ndi yakale, mphukira zopanda kanthu ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Popita nthawi, stonecrops amasintha ndi zaka, kotero zaka zisanu zilizonse amapangidwanso.
Zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuzizira kwambiri, kudula pansi. Masamba amatalika masentimita 3-4. Amakonkhedwa ndi dothi latsopano. Chapakatikati, njira zatsopano zimawonekera kuchokera kumizu.
Stonecrop nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi matenda azomera. Madzi akayamba kusefukira kwanthawi yayitali nthaka amatha kudwala matenda a fungus. Zizindikiro zake ndi zakuda, masamba ofewa okhala ndi fungo loipa. Madera owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa minofu yathanzi ndikuthandizidwa ndi fangayi.
Tizilombo tambiri sitimangokhala pamizere. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mavu, mavu komanso mbozi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso ma acaricides atithandiza kuchotsa tizirombo.
Kukonza kuyeretsa m'chipindacho
Kunyumba, miyala yamwala singakule kwambiri kuposa dimba. Kwa mitundu yokonda kutentha, ndiyo njira yokhayo yopulumukira nyengo yozizira. Miphika imasankha yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. Dothi limapangidwa ndi:
- dziko la turf;
- masamba okongola;
- peat;
- mchenga.
Pansi anagona ngalande zonyowa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono kapena yowuma. Mukangobzala, amayesetsa kuti asasokoneze mbewuyo ndikuisunga mthunzi. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake amawululidwa ndi dzuwa.
M'chilimwe, chipindacho chimathandizira kupuma. Mutha kuvumbulutsa miphika kukhala mpweya wabwino.
Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera chaka chonse, kotero kuti dothi liziuma ndi gawo lachitatu.
Ngati duwa silinasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo dothi lisasungunuke, yankho lochepera la michere kapena michere yachilengedwe limatsanulidwa mu dothi mwezi uliwonse.
Mankhwala
Pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza kwa anthu mu miyala yamiyala:
- ma alkaloids;
- mavitamini;
- njira;
- glycosides;
- ntchofu
- flavonoids;
- saponins;
- mabwinja.
Monga mankhwala aiwisi, gawo la nthaka limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amadula nthawi yamaluwa. Zojambula, madzi ndi zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, komanso zowonjezera zakonzedwa kuchokera ku zopangira.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi tonic, machiritso, odana ndi kutupa, okodzetsa, osangalatsa, a analgesic ndi mankhwala otupa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati komanso kunja kwa scurvy, kudzimbidwa, malungo, kutentha, gout, atherosulinosis, matenda amanjenje komanso matenda ena.
Mutha kulimbitsa thanzi lanu mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya miyala, koma miyala yotchedwa caustic stonecrop imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Kuchiza kwa amayi apakati ndi kuyamwitsa, ana, komanso anthu odwala matenda oopsa komanso kusangalala kwamanjenje kwathunthu kumatsutsana.
