Ngati mutasankha mfumukazi m'maluwa a orchid, Ng'ombe zimakhala bwino mu mpando wachifumu. Ndipo, mofanana ndi mfumukazi yeniyeni, duwa ndi lopanda nzeru, limafuna chidwi, khama komanso kuleza mtima kwa "munthu" wake. Pokhapokha atalandira mlingo waukulu wa chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, orchid idzakondweretsa mwiniwakeyo ndi mtundu wokongola ndi zonunkhira.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
William Cattleya, wolima munda wa Chingerezi ndi wolima maluwa, amawoneka kuti ndiye atate wa ziweto zam'madzi. Iye ndiye yemwe anabweretsa duwa ili "chozizwitsa" kuchokera ku Brazil, akukula ilo mu wowonjezera kutentha kwake.
Masiku ano floristics, pali mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa ya zomera za herbaceous. Kuchokera kwa mamembala ena a banja la Orchid, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Lipu mu floristics limatchedwa phokoso lamapiri la orchid, lomwe limasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa ziwalo zina.
Mukudziwa? Madzi odziwika bwino "vanila" kuchoka ku orchids.Ng'ombe - duwa lovuta kwambiri komanso lopanda phindu, limatha kukana pachimake kwa zaka zambiri. Mbalame yotchedwa Cattleya ndi mtundu waumulungu ndi zonunkhira zosaneneka. Pamodzi mwa mphukira zake pafupifupi 10 maluwa ofanana, iwo ndi 5-25 masentimita awiri.
Ng'ombe ndi imodzi mwa maonekedwe a Orchids: chomera chimakula chaka ndi chaka, chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa mphukira zatsopano pafupi ndi zakale. Tsinde limakula kuchokera ku pseudobulb preformed (tuberidia), yomwe imabweretsa mavitamini opindulitsa.Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, m'nyengo yozizira komanso yophulika yopuma.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zambiri za mitundu yotchedwa orchid monga: ludizia, phalaenopsis, dendrobium, celogin, cymbidium, miltassia.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Cattleus
Kumtchire pali mitundu yoposa 65 ya Cattleya, mitundu yoposa 40 yosakanizidwa inagwidwa muchisankho:
- Malo okhala maluwa amagawanika: epiphytes, omwe amakula pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena nthambi za mitengo, okonda chinyezi; ziphuphu - anthu okhala ndi ziphuphu zamphepete ndi zolakwa, okonda kusambira dzuwa.
- Kwa mtundu: amamvetsa mitundu yonse yodziwika.
- Kwa "kukula": kuchokera masentimita angapo mpaka mita ndi pamwamba.
- Kwa kukula kwa duwa: kuchokera pa mamita awiri mpaka 25 masentimita.
- Kwa chiwerengero cha maluwa: osakwatira kapena pedlorescences.
- Kwa chiwerengero cha masamba: tsamba limodzi kapena masamba awiri.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya banja ili ndi:
- Orchid Cattleya awiri - zokonda zowonetseratu za ma orchids achithunzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma florist m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kusiyana maluwa okongoletsedwa, kukula kwa chimodzi chokongoletsera ndi 10 mm. Mlomowo ndi wofiirira ndipo masamba otsalawo ndi pinki kapena bulauni-bulauni, nthawi zina amapereka reddish tinge.
- Onani Bowring - pafupifupi chimphona. Kutalika kwa orchid ndi masentimita 70 kumtchire, ndipo kunyumba ndi masentimita 35. Pamphuno yake yofiira pamakhala phokoso loyera lachikasu pansi. Pezani nsalu zofiirira.
- Triana - woyera-pinki mfumukazi ya maluwa florist. Mlomo wa petal umakhala wofiira kwambiri kapena wofiirira.
- Mtundu Wosakaniza - Mpweya wautali, mamita 10-20 masentimita. Mapesi a Flower amakoka chidwi ndi mthunzi wofewa wa azitona wokhala ndi chipale chofewa choyera.
- Zilonda zamtundu wa pinki, zofiirira kapena violet shades, kuwala kofiira pamphuno pamphuno zofiira ndizo makhalidwe spongy orchids.
- Maluwa okongola a pinki kapena a pinki, amapezeka m'kalasi yamakono a orchid Chimake.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa a orchid ndi duwa kuti, ndi fungo lawo lokhazika mtima pansi, silingayambitse chifuwa.
Mavuto akukula
Orchid si mfumukazi yokongola chabe, komanso mfumukazi ya whims. Kusamalira zinyama panyumba kumafuna udindo ndi mtundu wachikondi, kumatsatira mwamphamvu malamulo a ulimi wothirira, kuyatsa, feteleza, kutentha kwa kutentha, kufotokoza.
Kukoma kwake kwa orchid kumawonetseredwa makamaka pakakana kwake kuphuka. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala osakanikirana pazitsamba zachinyamata ndi zathanzi ndizosautsa kwambiri okonda mtundu. Chifukwa cha khalidweli chikhoza kukhala mu msinkhu wa wophunzira wanu komanso kusowa mphamvu yakuphuka.
Choncho, minda yamaluwa yodziwa bwino imalangizidwa kugula maluwa okongola kale ndi kukhalapo kwa 4 tuberidia. Ngati simungathe kupeza maluwa, samalirani zomwe muli nazo, ndithudi adzakupatsani chikondwerero cha maluwa. Chinthu chachikulu chotsatira malamulo otsatirawa. 
Malo
Ng'ombe imakonda malo a kumwera kwa nyumbayo, saopa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola ambiri patsiku. Ndi dzuwa lomwe limathandiza kuti pseudobulb isinthe.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa mbeu kumakuwuzani masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi chikasu chachikasu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti muzisunthira kumalo ochepa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi izo, mdima wandiweyani, masamba a orchid omwe anasowa adzakuuzani za kusowa kwa kuwala.
Pakati paunikira, maluwawo amatsutsa masamba okongola a mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Nthawi yozizira - nthawi ya hibernation. Panthawi ino, iwo akusowa kwambiri kuunika. Maluwa amaluwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti awunikire ndi nyali za fulorosenti.
Ndikofunikira! Samalani ndi zinyama kuchokera pazithunzi, amazitenga zolimba kwambiri.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kattleya amamva bwino kutentha kwapakati. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti sichitha. Ngati masambawa akuwotha, muyenera kuwasambitsa ndi madzi kutentha, kuonjezera maluwa. Izi zikhoza kupindula mwa kuika sitima ya madzi pafupi nayo.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa duwa ndi 16-20 ° C. Kwa maluwa okwanira, kusiyana pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha kumafunika kukhala 5 ° C.
Pa masiku otentha, orchid iyenera kuikidwa nthawi ndi nthawi poto, yodzazidwa ndi madzi kapena sprayed.
Pa kuthirira, duwa silimva ludzu. Mlingo uli kamodzi masabata 1-1,5. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti musanadze chomera chosazolowereka, sizomwe zimamuyendera. Anamaluwa amafunika 'kuthiridwa' mwa kuyika mizu yake mu chidebe cha madzi. 
Gawo lapansi ndi mphamvu
Kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa ziweto sizingatheke popanda kusankha mosamalitsa gawo lapadera. Mwawona kuti mu maluwa akugulitsa orchid samakula mu nthaka yamba.
Imafuna nthaka yosiyana. Makungwa ophatikizidwa ndi sphagnum moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la Cattleya.
Ngati mukufuna kusamba maluwa anu ofiira, muyenera kusankha makungwa a pakati ndi kachigawo kakang'ono, zilowerereni m'madzi kwa masiku awiri.
Kenaka khungwa lokhala ndi chinyezi liyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera, osakaniza ndi moss ndi thovu. Pansi pazitsamba zokhala ndi orchid okonzeka. Nthaka iyi idzakhala yosungira chinyezi kwa maluwa, komanso ili ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa mpweya.
Ponena za mphamvu, "mfumukazi" ndi yabwino. Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kubzala Ng'ombe m'miphika yadongo kapena pulasitiki yoonekera.
Ndikofunikira! Pansi pa thanki iyenera kukhala yodzala ndi miyala yamitundu yozungulira 1-2 masentimita kuti ipange madzi okwanira pakuthandizira maluwa.
Mmene mungasamalire maluwa
Kusamalira Orchid kumaphatikizapo kutsirira, feteleza ndi kuziika. Kulingalira mwakuya ndi koyenera kwa miyambo ya agrotechnical iyi idzapindula ndi mapesi okongola kwambiri.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
Mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja, orchid imalimbikitsidwa kuti imwe madzi kamodzi pa masabata 1-1.5. Izi periodicity zimasokonezeka mu chilimwe ndi m'nyengo yozizira.
M'chilimwe, zomera zimasowa madzi ambiri, imayenera kuthiriridwa masiku awiri, 2-3 chifukwa pansi pa mphamvu ya dzuwa, dzuwa limatuluka mofulumira kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mmalo mwake, nkoyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira.
Madzi apamwamba kwambiri a zinyama - ogawanika kapena madzi amvula. Liwu lakuti "kuthirira" maluwawa siloyenera, monga likudyetsedwa, kuikidwa poto ndi madzi kwa mphindi 5-10. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda.
M'nyengo yotentha, masamba a chomera ndi mlengalenga pozungulira amafunika kuti azipiritsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Feteleza
Kuti ziweto zizikula mwakhama, amafunikira thandizo, ndiko kuti, kuti amudyetse. Monga kuvala pamwamba kumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza. Werengani mosamala malangizo akuti "vitamini": kwa mfumukazi yako, mlingo uyenera kukhala wochepa.
Pamene nthawi ya kukula ndi kupanga mapangidwe a tuberidia adayamba, orchid imadyetsedwa ndi zinthu zokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Nthawiyi itatha, maluwawo amafunikira phosphorus ndi potaziyamu.
Kudyetsa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa madzi okwanira 2-3. Pakubwera kwa peduncle, umuna umaletsedwa.
Kuwaza
Ngakhale kuti ma orchid sawakonda ndikuwanyalanyaza bwino, m'pofunikira kuti muyambe kuyeza panyumbayi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti gawo lapansi liri ndi oxidized, lomwe lingasokoneze maluwa anu achifumu.
Pofuna kuyendetsa, muyenera kukonzekera chidebe chatsopano ndi gawo lapansi. Kuonjezerapo, muyenera kudziwa ngati mugawanika chomeracho.
Kumbukirani kuti mutatha kuika, chiweto chanu chidzasinthidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndikubwerera kuntchito yonse.
Zinthu zoberekera
Ng'ombe zimaphatikizapo pogawa pakati pa nthawi yoyamba ndi kukula kwa mizu yatsopano. Maluwawo ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala mu thanki ndikuyika kusamba kosayera (mbale ya madzi) kwa maola angapo. Pamene rhizome yakwanira kuti ikhale yonyowa, imagawanika. Florists amalimbikitsa kuti achoke pa zigawo kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 pseudobulb.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Zomwe mumazikonda, zomwe sizikumveka zomvetsa chisoni, zikhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi zirombo zambiri, kuphatikizapo:
- Aphid - tizilombo tating'ono, zobiriwira kapena zakuda, zomwe zimayambitsa masamba, masamba, inflorescences, zimawononga ma orchid, ndipo zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo. Awononge nsabwe za m'masamba posamba ndi madzi wamba kapena sopo.
- Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, duwa lingamenyane scythe - tizilombo timene timakhala pamasamba tomwe timakhala ngati hillocks ndi hillocks, kudyetsa chomera kuyamwa, kudula kukula kwake ndi chitukuko. Anthuwa akhoza kuthamangitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mvula yozungulira maluwa, komanso kuwachotsa ndi nsabwe wamba.
- Nkhumba - Tizilombo tina timene timachita mantha ndi chinyontho. Mukawona kabubu kakang'ono pansi pa inflorescence, nthawi yomweyo sambani mnzanu mumadzi soapy ndi kupopera nthawi zonse. Kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa sikungapange popanda kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo ("Fitoverm", "Neoron").
- Nematodes - Nyongolotsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zonse za ziweto. Kuchokera kumatendawa ndi zovuta kuchiza. Njira yochizira ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la "Decaris" mu mlingo woyenera. Maluwawo ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuikidwa m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
