Maganizo a anthu ku Maca akhala ovuta, chifukwa panthaŵiyo, pamene ena amawona kuti ndi chomera chokongola komanso zabwino kuwonjezera pa mikate, ena amalankhula za opiamu katundu ndi ntchito yosafunika pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse. Kodi ndizoopsa kwambiri opium poppy ndipo tikhoza kupindula nazo, tidzayesa kufufuza.
Opium (hypnotic) poppy: malongosoledwe a zomera
Lero zomera zakuda, zomwe zimafika mamita 1-1.2, zimatchedwa poppy ogona.. Pafupifupi ziwalo zake zonse zimakhala zamaliseche kapena zitaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi limodzi, makamaka pa peduncles ndi pamitsempha ya masamba. 
Mizu ya mizu
Mazira a opium poppy amaimiridwa ndi taproot, yomwe imalowa m'nthaka 1 mamita kapena kupitirira. Masamba ochepa kwambiri omwe amagawanika amaikidwa pamtunda ndikukula mpaka 20-30 masentimita m'litali.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti poppy imakula nthawi zambiri pa nkhondo. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi chinali, ndithudi, mtundu wofiira wamaluwa.
Zimayambira ndi masamba
Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wa poppy wodalitsika ndi wowongoka, wosalala bwino komanso wamtundu umodzi pamwamba pake. Masamba, pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe awo, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: m'munsimu amaikidwa pa petioles pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapita mu mbale yakeyo, ndipo pamwamba pake zimakhala zitsamba zokhala ndi bluish ndi oblong, zomwe zimakhala ndi 10-30 masentimita.
Iwo ali ndi malire othamanga kapena mapeto otsekedwa. 
Maluwa ndi zipatso
Actinomorphic, lalikulu maluwa a chomera ali pazitali ndi yaitali peduncles, zomwe zikhoza kukhala zosabala, kapena ndi pang'ono zopindika.
Onsewo ndi osakwatiwa ndipo ali pamwamba pa nthambi za tsinde. Kufikira kutululidwa komweko, masamba osakanizika ndi owopsa amakhala m'mtunda wovuta. Kutalika kwa maluwa amtsogolo ndi 1.5-3 masentimita. Asanatsegule, onse amadziwongolera, ndipo zipilala ziwiri zokopa mkati mwa chikho zimatha.
Centimeter corolla imapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi kapena kuzungulira ovate za mtundu wofiira, wofiira, wofiirira kapena wofiirira womwe uli wofiirira kapena wachikasu malo pamunsi.
Mitundu yambiri imayikidwa mosavuta m'magulu angapo. Ulusi wawo ukhoza kukhala wamdima ndi wowala, ndi kuphulika pamwamba pa pakati.
Anthers - yochepa kwambiri, gynetsy - coenycarpic, yopangidwa kuchokera ku carpels yovomerezeka zosiyanasiyana. Ovary nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba, ndipo amakhala ndi mazira ambiri. 
Maluwa otchedwa Opium poppy maluwa amatha kuwonetsedwa kuyambira May mpaka August, ndipo pamapeto pake, zipatso zimawoneka pa zomera, zomwe zimayimilidwa ndi mabokosi afupi kapena awiri ozungulira masentimita 2-7. Bokosi ngatilo limakhala lochepa kwambiri ndipo limakhala lolemba bwino, mwendo wautali.
Mkati mwa chipatsocho muli osachepera, ndi magawo ochepa ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono. La lamina disc ndi lathyathyathya, lomwe limatchulidwa mano ndi 8-12 mazira.
Mbeu zonse zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zowonjezereka, komanso zowonjezera mafuta. Iwo amatha kufika 1-1.5 mm m'mimba mwake ndipo amaonedwa kuti akufalikira kumapeto kwa July kapena kumayambiriro kwa September.
Ŵerenganiponso za zochitika za kulima ma poppies akum'mawa ndi California.
Kufalikira kwa chikhalidwe
Mpaka pano, palibe mgwirizano wokhudza dziko la opium poppy. Zina mwazo zimayankhula za kusowa kwa chidziwitso pa kukula kwake kwa kuthengo komanso kuthekera kukula mu chikhalidwe, pamene ena (mwachitsanzo, polojekiti ya GRIN) amaitanira ku Canary Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Italy, Girisi, kumpoto kwa Algeria, Libya ndi Tunisia.
Ponena za kusamba kwa chikhalidwe, Asia Minor, Greece, India, Iran, China ndi Turkey, kumene zomera zakhala zikulima kuyambira kale, zimaonedwa kuti ndi apainiya kumbali iyi.
M'mbuyomu ya USSR, opium poppy idakula chifukwa cha mankhwala m'zaka za m'ma 70 zapitazo, ndipo ulimi wake unayamba ku Kyrgyzstan. Panthawiyo, minda yayikulu ya zomerayi inkayikira ku Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan, pamene inali kugawo la Ukraine zamakono komanso m'chigawo cha Voronezh chinakula mwakuya nthawi zisanayambe kusintha. 
Mwinanso mungapeze poppy ogona m'dera la Samara, Bashkiria ndi kum'mwera kwa Western Siberia. Lero, chomera ichi chikuletsedwa kukula kulikonse, ndipo chokhacho ndi South-West China, Thailand ndi Burma.
Mankhwala amapangidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito opium poppy
Zonsezi za opium poppy zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mankhwala, choncho ntchito yake kuchipatala inayamba ndi kuphunzira izi.
Werengani momwe akugwiritsire ntchito ntchito zachipatala monga zomera: red clover, pelargonium, mullein, mankhwala a shiksha, Siberia salsola, gravy, chamba, hemlock, mizu yamphongo, sitima, ephedra horsetail ndi peony akuthawa.
Kuwerenga zomwe zilipo
Panthawi yonse ya chitukuko, mankhwala omwe amawatcha poppy amasiyana. Choncho, panthawi yoyamba, pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya madzi owuma amadzi, omwe amadziwika kuti opium, ali pamtunda pamwamba pake. Ndilopangidwe kwake kuti 10-25% ya chiwerengero cha isoquinoline alkaloids ali, theka lake ndi morphine zakumwa zinthu.
Zina zonse ndi papaverine, codeine, thebaine ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito lerolino. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, morphine wokha 0.3-0.5% akhoza kupezeka mabokosi okhwima a Shrovetide poppy, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi magawo oyambirira a zipatso zopanga zipatso.
Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Morphine, codeine ndi thebaine yomwe ili kutali ndi opiamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala ovomerezeka masiku ano, popeza ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- morphine Ikhoza kuthana ndi mazunzo opweteka kwambiri ndipo imayesedwa ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ntchito yake ndi yoyenera ngati munthu akuvulala kwambiri, matenda a chilengedwe ndi mavuto a mtima);
- codeine kumachepetsa kukhumudwa kwa malo osungira mitsempha ndipo amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito kupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- thebaine, monga morphine, ndi chiyambi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, motero kumathandiza kulimbana ndi ululu waukulu.
Mmodzi mwa mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi morphine, njira yodzizira jekeseni ya Morphine Hydrochloride, njira ya injection ya Morfilong (0.5%) ndi Omnopon (1% kapena 2%) akhoza kusiyanitsidwa. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowononga kwambiri. Codeine ndi mbali yaikulu ya mankhwala "Codelac", "Codeterpin" ndi mankhwala a Bechterew.Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi poppy alkaloids kungayambitse chizoloŵezi, ndipo chifukwa chake, kukula kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kusiyana kwa opiamu kuchokera poppy yokongoletsera
Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri pokolola mbewu za poppy samadabwa ndi chiyambi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chomera, kutenga mbewu iliyonse ngati chakudya.
Zoonadi, mankhwalawa adzakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, koma kuti adziteteze ku ntchito ya opiates, ndibwino kudziwa za kusiyana kwa chakudya ndi mapiritsi ogona.
Zomera zokongola zomwe zimapezeka m'madera a dziko lathu makamaka zimaphatikizapo poppy kumadera akutali ndi Shirley poppy, omwe amatchedwanso mbewu. Mitundu iwiriyo imakhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe amayamba kuchokera ku matani a lalanje ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira olemera. 
Poyerekeza, masamba a opiamu ndiwo otumbululuka, buluu-violet. Mu mitundu ina yokongoletsera, masamba a masamba ndi ofanana ndi a mapiritsi ogona, koma maluwawo adzakhala owala kwambiri komanso ooneka bwino.
Kodi n'zotheka kukula poppy ngati mbewu yokongola?
Zomera zomwe zafotokozedwa siziletsedwa kulima m'mayiko ambiri, ndipo ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia chifukwa cholima kulimbikitsa dacha zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazithunzi za nkhaniyi mwatcheru.
Ku Ukraine
Poganizira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo a poppy, kulima kwake pofuna cholinga cha malonda (ziribe kanthu ngati mupangira mapepala kapena muli ndi cholinga chenicheni) mumapatsa chilolezo. Izi zanenedwa mu Gawo 7 la Chilamulo "Pa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo" ndi Gawo 9 la Chilamulo "Pa Chilolezo".
Popeza famuyi ikuonedwa ngati mtundu wa ntchito zamalonda ndipo nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ngati bungwe lovomerezeka, mlimi ali ndi mwayi wopezera chilolezo choyenera. Ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa zikalata zofunikira izi, nzika iliyonse ikhoza kudzidziwitsa nokha pazofunikira za Ministry of Internal Affairs. 
Zina mwa mitundu ya poppy zomwe zimaloledwa kulima ndi Berkut, Victoria, Volynsky, Gray, Terlach, Zhar, Krivotulsky, Kristall, Coral ndi mitundu ina.
Ndikofunikira! Lamulo la kulima lingaperekedwe kwa mlimi yemwe ali ndi maphunziro azaulimi kapena amene wagwiritsa ntchito wotsogolera ndi maphunziro oyenerera. Mudzafunikanso kupereka ntchito kwa katswiri wamakina ndi katswiri wa za mbewu.
Mfundo yofunika ndi yakuti antchito onse ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala akuluakulu, okhoza komanso opanda mbiri, ndipo mlimi ayenera kupereka zinthu zonse pofuna kutetezedwa kwa mankhwala ndi kupewa kupewa.
Pofuna kugula mbewu kuti zikulitse zomera zimenezi, ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka ndi kubereka, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mbeu za mbeu zomwe zimapezeka mu State Register of Producers.
Ku Russia
Opium poppy ili m'ndandanda wa zinthu zakumwa zakumwa zozizwitsa ku Russia, koma kuwonjezera apo, alimi amatha kulangidwa chifukwa cholima zomera ndi bokosi lalikulu la masentimita awiri kapena kuposa pamenepo.
Ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi zaka zambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimatha kupezeka (mwachitsanzo, kumayiko ena akummawa, omwe amakonda okondedwa ambiri). Mu Chigamulo cha Boma Nambala 934 mu mndandanda wa zoletsedwa lero zosiyana mitundu:
- chithunzithunzi;
- setiform;
- chidziwitso;
- kum'mawa.
Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, ofesi ya zamalonda ndi zamalonda yakhala ikukamba za kufunika kokhala ndi opium poppy pamtunda, kutsutsana ndi malingaliro ake ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala. Komabe, pakalipano kusintha kwa ndime 18 ya lamulo la "Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo" sikunapangidwe, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti udindo uliwonse wolamulira kapena wopalamula umaperekedwa ku minda ya zomera zapamwambazi.
Ku Belarus
Nzika za ku Belarus zimalangidwa chifukwa chokula zipatso zoletsedwa kapena kulipiritsa m'ndende, ngati tikukamba za kulima kapena kukonzanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha malonda. Izi zafotokozedwa mu mutu wa 16 wa Administrative Code wa Republic of Belarus.
Komabe, pali zosiyana ndi lamulo lililonse, ndipo ngati opium poppy ndizochita masayansi. Inde, bungwe kapena munthu ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zonse zogwirizana ndi udindo wake.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "morphine" limagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la mulungu wa maloto Morpheus, ndipo, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa cha kunyengerera kwa ma khristalo oyerawa, olekanitsidwa mu 1806, analandira tanthauzo lotero.
Mitundu yokongoletsera siimaloledwa kulima, koma panthawi yomweyi alimi onse amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti zomera zomwe zikukula sizikuletsedwa.
Nzika zambiri zimakonda kuti zisamangokhalira kukula poppies konse, zomwe ziri ndi lingaliro lina: mitundu ina ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi zokongoletsera, koma ili ndi opiates. 
Mwachidule, ngati simunaphunzire bwinobwino zofunikira za malamulo a m'dera lanu zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa mbeu zoletsedwa m'deralo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musayambe kuikapo pangozi.
Bzalani maluwa ena okongola pa chiwembu chanu, makamaka ngati mungagule poppy yokonzeka kuti mupeze chakudya pa golosi iliyonse.
Mukhoza kukongoletsa chiwembu chanu mothandizidwa ndi: marigold, nasturtium, ipomoea, dahlia, delphinium, asters, kosmey, zinnia kapena petunias.
