Pakadali pano, Kishmish 342 ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka pakati pa omwe amapanga vinyo. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mbewu, kukolola zochuluka, ndi zipatso zokoma. Kukula motere, ndikokwanira kuti mudziwe zomwe zimachitika polima ndikutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, chomwe ngakhale woyambitsa wamasamba sangathe.
Mbiri ya kulima ndi kufotokozera mitundu ya mphesa Kishmish 342
Mphesa Kishmish 342, womwe umadziwikanso kuti GF 342 kapena Kishmish Hungary, ndi mtundu wachichepere. Nthawi yomweyo, iye adayamba kumukhulupirira wamaluwa. Mitunduyi idasanjidwa ndi obereketsa aku Hungary chifukwa chodutsa Villar Blanc ndi Perlet Sidlis.
Mphesa za GF 342 zimadziwika ndi nthawi yakucha kwapakatikati: pafupifupi masiku 110-115 amadutsa kuchokera pomwe masamba atatseguka mpaka kukhwima mwaukadaulo.
Kukula kwa mphesa kumatsimikizika ndi kuyenera kwa mbewu pothira chakudya chatsopano kapena pokonzekera chinthu china.
Magulu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa pachitsamba. Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kupotozedwa. Kishmish 342 imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, mpaka 20-25 makilogalamu pachitsamba chimodzi, komanso kuphatikiza zipatso. Mphesa izi zimadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu zakupsa ndikucha bwino mpesa. Kuphimba pachitsamba chifukwa cha dzinja, muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika, chifukwa mpesa wazikhalidwe zamtunduwu ndi wokuyera. Kukana kwamadzulo kwa GF 342 kumafika -26˚˚.
Kishmish ya ku Hungary imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso zipatso zokoma.
Makhalidwe a mphesa zosiyanasiyana Kishmish 342
Mphesa zimapangika masentimita omwe akulemera 0,5-0.6 kg, koma ngati zingafunike, mphesa zokulirapo (mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu) zitha kupezeka mwa kutengera kuumba koyenera. Zipatso zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe opanga mazira ndi mtundu wobiriwira wagolide. Kukula kwa zipatso kumafikira 15-18 mm ndi kulemera kwa 2-3 g. Kishmish Chihangare imayesedwa ngati gulu lachitatu lopanda mbewu: mu zipatsozo mulibe zoyambirira.
Mitundu yonse ya mphesa zogwiriridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa zoyamba (mbewu zosakhwima) zimagawika m'magulu anayi molingana ndi gulu lopanda mbewu.
Mnofu wamtunduwu ndiwopanda mchere komanso wathanzi, wokhala ndimaso abwino komanso mawonekedwe a muscat. Shuga zomwe zili ndi zipatso ndi pafupifupi 20%, ndipo acidity sioposa 8 g pa 1 lita.
Dzuwa, khungu la zipatso limakhala pinki
Kalasi GF 342 ili ndi zingapo zingapo:
- kugonjetsedwa ndi fungal matenda;
- wonyozeka;
- itha kubzalidwa m'madela omwe alibe nyengo;
- imasiyana m'mayendedwe abwino ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi;
- imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga chakudya cha ana.
Komabe, mitunduyi ilinso ndi zovuta:
- imataya ulangizi wake atakhala pachikhalire nthawi yayitali;
- Zosowa pogona nyengo yachisanu;
- njira yolakwika yopangira chitsamba imakhudza mtundu wa zipatso; zipatso zazing'ono zimapangidwa ndi njere ndi zoyamba.
Vidiyo: Kubwereza mphesa za Kishmish 342
Zambiri za kubzala ndi kukula Mtundu wa Kishmish 342
Pakubzala mphesa muzisankha malo abwino komanso owala bwino omwe ali kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo. Mtunda wa pafupifupi mita imodzi watsala pakati pa mbewu ndi chithandizo, ndi 3 mita pakati pa mbewu.
Kukonza dothi komanso kubzala mphesa
Chikhalidwe chimakonda nthaka yathanzi, motero, musanayambe kubzala, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera zidebe ziwiri za humus ndi 0,5 makilogalamu a phulusa la nkhuni ndi superphosphate. Dothi labwino, lomwe limapangidwa pokumba dzenje, limagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Asanalowetse ziwalo zonse m dzenje, zimasakanizidwa bwino.
GF 342 mphesa zingabzalidwe zonse mu nthawi yophukira, chisanu chisanachitike, komanso masika. Njirayi imakhala ndi izi:
- Kukumba dzenje.
Kudzala dzenje la mphesa kuyenera kukhala mita imodzi ndi 0.5 m mulifupi
- Wosanjikiza mwala wosemphana ndi dongo kapena wokulirapo umathiridwa pansi ndi makulidwe a 10 cm.
Dongo lomwe limakulitsidwa kapena mwala woponderezedwa umathiridwa kudzenje lotaya ngati madzi
- Dzenje limadzaza ndi dothi lachonde.
- Ikani msomali wothandizira ndi chitoliro cha pulasitiki chothirira.
Pipi imayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala, lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthirira chitsamba
- Mmera umayikidwa dzenje, wogawana mizu, owazidwa ndi lapansi, wokazunguliridwa ndi madzi.
- Mutabzala, dothi limakhazikika munthaka ndikuchepetsa.
Mutabzala, dothi lozungulira mphesa limabzalidwa ndipo mbewuyo imadulidwa m'maso awiri
Mulching tikulepheretsa kukula kwa udzu ndipo kumalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa chinyontho. Monga mulch, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabango, udzu, manyowa, kompositi.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mphesa masika
Momwe mungasamalire zouma
Mutabzala mbande ya GF 342, chisamaliro chimatsikira pakumwa madzi pafupipafupi, kumasula dothi, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuchiza tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mu kasupe ndi theka loyambirira la chilimwe, chikhalidwechi chimafunikira zakudya zina zomwe zimakhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa, osati ma feteleza am'maminolo okha. Maluwa asanafike maluwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthilira tchire ndi njira yowonjezera ya mizu pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta za mbewu. Kuti zipatso zizipanga bwinobwino, theka lachiwiri la nthawi yachilimwe, kudyetsa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndikofunikira, ndipo nayitrogeni amayimitsidwa. Nthawi yamaluwa, mphesa zimakonzedwa molingana ndi tsamba, mwachitsanzo, ndi Zavyaz yokonzekera. Ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo ena amagwiritsa ntchito gibberellin, yomwe imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuti ichulukitse brashi komanso ichulukitse zipatso.
Chapakatikati, mphesa zimafunikira kuvala pamwamba musanayambe maluwa ndi mkati mwake, komanso nthawi yotentha kuti zipatso zikhale zabwinobwino
Kuthirira
Kuthirira chidwi chapadera kuyenera kulipidwa m'chilimwe. Potentha, tchire limathiriridwa kamodzi masiku atatu. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira mtundu wa dothi: pa chernozem, zotulutsa ziyenera kukhala 30% mochepera pamtunda wamchenga. Pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi, ndikofunikira kuthira madzi okwanira malita 15. Asanakolole, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuthirira mphesa nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera m'mapaipi apadera, koma kuthirira madontho kumawerengedwa ngati njira yabwino kwambiri.
Kudulira
Pokonza zitsamba za mphesa za Kishmish 342, kudulira kwapakati kumachitika masamba 6 kapena kutalika kwa masamba 10. M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo yotsalira ndi mphukira ikukula ikuyenera kuchotsedwa, popeza zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kukulira. Pa mphukira imodzi, musasiye maburashi oposa 1-2. Kupanda kutero, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire kulumikizana kwa zipatso
Pogona nyengo yachisanu
Ngati mphesa zibzalidwe kumapeto, ndiye kuti botolo la pulasitiki (l l 5) lomwe limadulidwa pansi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza ku kuzizira kwa dzinja. Mmera umathiriridwa, wokutidwa ndi chidebe ndi utuchi umathiridwa kudzera m'khosi. Kenako ikani khungubwi ndi kukankha botolo. Chitani njirayi munthawi youma ndi dzuwa, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsikira mpaka + 3-4 + C. Panyumba pogona pano, mbande zanu zimazizira popanda mavuto.
Chaka chotsatira, nthambi za spruce kapena paini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona. Amalumikizana ndi mphesa, ndipo mpesa umakutidwa, ukamatula. Chitsamba chimaphimbidwanso ndi nthambi ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, ndikutchinikiza pang'ono m'mbali.
Tchire limakutidwa ndi nthambi pomwe kutentha kumatsikira kufika ku 0 ° C
Kutentha kwa mphesa ndikofunikira kuti muteteze osati kutentha kochepa, koma kusiyana kwawo, komanso icing ya mizu. Pogona limakupatsani mwayi kuti chitsamba chikhale chouma.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngakhale Kishmish 342 imawonedwa ngati singagonjetse matenda, omwe amapanga viniga ambiri amawagwiritsabe ndi fungicides. Izi zimathandizira kuteteza tchire 100%. Mukadulira, muyenera kuyendera tchire kuti mupeze matenda. Kuphatikiza pa izi, mbewu zimafunikira kuti ziwombedwe pafupipafupi.
Chapakatikati, mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux, kapena mankhwala apadera monga Fitosporin, Trichodermin, Actofit
Kuphatikiza pa matenda, tizirombo nthawi zambiri timavulazidwa ndi chikhalidwe. Zipatso zokoma za ku Kishmish cha ku Hungary zimakopa chidwi cha mavu. Kuti muteteze tizilombo, timagulu timayikidwa m'matumba amiyala kapena wokutidwa ndi gauze. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaganiziridwanso zimatha kuwonongeka ndi masamba a masamba, Mphutsi za May chikumbu, akangaude. Nkhupakupa zimayikira mazira m'nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ndikuyambitsa chitsamba cham'mphesa ndi ukonde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupunduka, ndipo vuto lalikulu kwambiri, kufa kwa chitsamba. Ngati majeremusi atapezeka, chithandizo cha mankhwala chimachitika (BI -58, Actellik, Omayt, Fufanon).
Mutha kuwona nkhupakupa pa mphesa chifukwa cha malo amdima kumbuyo kwa tsamba.
Gulugufe wa gulugufe pawokha siowopsa kwa mphesa, koma mbozi zawo zimawononga masamba, mbali zina za mpesa ndi zipatso. Ngati simuyankha pakapita nthawi kuti maonekedwe a tizilombo titha, kutayika kwa mundawo nkotheka mpaka 75-90%. Kupewa kumachitika ndi Confidor, Decis, Fufanon. Tizilombo ta chafer sikuvulaza, koma mphutsi zake zimawononga mpweya, zimadya minofu. Mawonekedwe a tizilombo atha kuweruzidwa ndi matenda achitsamba popanda chifukwa. Monga njira zoyendetsera, amathandizira pochotsa dothi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira Diazin, Grom-2, Bazudin mpaka akuya masentimita 5-7.
Gulugufe wa gulugufe ndilopanda vuto, koma mbozi imawononga masamba, mbali zina za mpesa ndi zipatso
Kuswana
Kishmish 342 chofalitsidwa:
- magawo;
- ma scions;
- kudula.
Njira yokhala ndi masanjidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba ngalande pafupi ndi chitsamba mpaka akuya mamita 0.5, ndikuwonjezera michere monga mukabzala, pambuyo pake ndikupinda mpesa wapansi pachaka, ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Kumapeto kwa njirayi kuchita zochuluka kutsirira. Ngati mphukira zimamera, m'tsogolo zitha kubzalidwa ngati tchire losiyana.
Pamwamba pamtunda, muyenera kusiya zochepa chabe za mphukira zokhala ndi masamba ndi masamba okula
Njira yofalitsira katemera ndikumanga kwa zidutswazo ku mpesa wakale. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha chitsamba chamng'ono cholimbana ndi matenda. Mmera wolumikizidwa umayikidwa m'ngalande pa thunthu la mayi, kenako atakulungidwa mu pulasitiki. Kupambana kwa mwambowu kumatengera mtundu wa katundu, ndiye kuti, chitsamba chomwe katemera umachitikira.
Kufalikira kwa mphesa potemera katemera kumachitika pakuwaika tinthu tating'onoting'ono pa thunthu la mayi (chitsa)
Ngati kudulidwa kumakondedwa, ndiye kuti zokololazo zimakolola kuyambira kugwa. Kudula kudula kochitika pamtunda wa 45˚, pambuyo pake amathandizidwa mu njira ya sulfate yachitsulo, ndipo mizu ikuchitika mu February - Marichi. Zomera zobzala ziyenera kukhala zabwino: kudula kobiriwira ndi maso, makungwa a bulauni. Atasankha zodula, amazilowetsa mu potaziyamu permanganate, kenako ndimadzi ndi uchi.
Chapakatikati, mitengo ya Kishmish 342 imabzalidwa m'mbale zosakonzedwa kale, mwachitsanzo, mumabotolo apulasitiki
Kenako zinthuzo zibzalidwe mumiyeso yoyenera, kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira: kuthilira nthawi ndi nthawi, kumasula dothi, kutsina ndikuchotsa inflorescence. Asanabzike panthaka, mbande zimazimitsidwa, ndipo zimatengedwa kuti zikhale ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kanema: Kuyika mphesa
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Kishmish 342 idabzalidwa ndi malo omwe adula mu 2006, sanazindikire kuti idakhazikika pamalo okhazikika ndikupitilira kukula. Monga mitundu yonse yakumwera, adachitapo kanthu mwamphamvu ndi peat yanga ndi madzi apansi panthaka - mphukira yake m'chilimwe choyamba idakula ndi mamitala 3.5 ndipo inali yotalikirapo. Ndidadula asanafike pogona, ndikusiya 1.5 metres. Chapakatikati, munapezeka kuti mpesawo unasenthedwa ndi mita imodzi, ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpesawo udapsa 1 mita. M'nyengo yachilimwe ya 2007, ndidayesetsa kupanga ma colon ndikusiya masamba atatu pa mpesa uwu: 1 kutalika kwa 60 cm kuchokera pansi, 2nd mpaka 30 cm kuchokera koyamba ndi 3 kumapeto kwa mpesa kuti ndikuutalikitse. Mphukira zitatu zazing'onozi zinali zokulirapo, zimasunthira pafupifupi 5 metre, ngakhale ndimayesetsa kuti ndisadye mphesa ndi nayitrogeni. Chaka chino mbewu yoyamba idali kudikirira, koma matalala a masika adawonongeratu mphukira ndi inflorescence, ngakhale pogona ndi Lutrasil-60. Chifukwa chake, ndinayesa zipatso zanga zoyambirira za kishmish yanga pa mphukira zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku impso zachiwiri. Muluwo unali wokhawo, wawung'ono, koma zipatso zake ndi zokulirapo, zotsekemera komanso zopanda mawonekedwe. Nnakula Kishmish 342 ku mtunda wa pafupifupi 5 metres kuchokera ku nyumba ya dimba, kumwera, poyera. Chapakatikati ndimatsegula molawirira, chisanu chikasungunuka pamalo ano. Ndikhazikitsa ma arcs ndikusintha lutrasil-60 kudzera mwa iwo, omwe ndimasunga mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ndimakhala kumapeto kwa Okutobala: Ndidadula mipesa, ndikuyala pansi maluwa, ndikuyala mpesa. Ndimakonkha Lutrasil-60 pamwamba pazigawo ziwiri ndikuphimba ndi filmhouse wowonjezera pamwamba. Pofuna kuti ome pansi pogona, kusiya filimuyo kumapeto osakanikizidwa. Ndimakonkha nthambi pamwamba pa filimuyi kudulira mitengo ndi mitengo, chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala mphepo zolimba zomwe zimachotsa malo alionse osasamala, momwe zimapangidwira mosamala.
Marina//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=42
Zoumba zingapo zidabzalidwa pachiwembuchi, koma ksh. 342 ndi woyamba kwambiri. Nthawi zonse zabwino kwambiri, masango abwino. Mabulosi ndi ochepa koma okoma. Koma ngati mukumvera ngati choyambirira, ndibwino kuti ife tisatero.
kamtsikana//new.rusvinograd.ru/viewtopic.php?t=257&start=20
... G-342 kishmish ilibe mavuto m'minda yamphesa: imapitilira mosavuta kuchuluka komwe ikufunidwa, mtengo wa mpesawo umakhwima molapitsa komanso kutalika konse, umalimbana ndi matenda, makamaka, ulibe nthawi yoti uwatole chifukwa cha nthawi yoyambirira kwambiri. Nazi zipatso zochepa chabe, koma mwa iwo shuga akupita kale pamlingo. Mpesa uwu ndi wabwino paokha, koma ndi pachiwopse kubzala m'malo ambiri: mabulosi sakhala achinyengo kwambiri.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=26.0
Ngati mungaganize kubzala mphesa zomwe zimakomera kwambiri chiwembu chanu, ndiye kuti mutha kuyendetsa bwino zokonda za ku Hungary Kishmish. Zosiyanazi ndizosavomerezeka, ndipo muyenera kusankha malo abwino kuthengo ndikuwasamalira pang'ono. Kupeza zipatso zokoma ndi zotsekemera sikovuta.
