Maluwa a maluwa okongoletsa amakomera maluwa ambiri. Ndi a banja la a Liliaceae. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 yamera uwu. Mitundu ndi ma hybrids ambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Munkhaniyi, muphunzira zonse za maluwa okongola.
Kufotokozera kwamaluwa
Dzinalo "lily" potanthauzira kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Celtic limatanthawuza "zoyera". M'malo mwake, pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu iyi. Mwa anthu amatchedwanso kakombo wamadzi.
Zambiri! Palinso kakombo wanyanja - echinoderm yemwe amafanana ndi duwa kwambiri, koma alibe chochita. Nyama izi ndi zakale kwambiri. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zimasungira zolembapo zake.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Lily - duwa lomwe limayimira namwali wopanda tanthauzo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mwala wa talisman.
Lily ndi chomera chomwe chimamera mmaiko aku Asia, ku Europe padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku North America.
Kodi kakombo amawoneka bwanji?
Zosiyanasiyana, komanso zachilengedwe ndi malo omwe zimamera, zimakhudza pamene maluwa akutulutsa.
Lily ndi mbewu yosatha. Amakula kuchokera ku babu. Kukula kwakumapeto kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 30 cm.Ikhoza kukhala mwa mawonekedwe a mpira kapena dzira. Tsinde ndi lolunjika ngakhale. Pamwamba pake pali mphukira zochepa.
Mawonekedwe a masamba a kakombo kutengera mtundu wa mbewu. Mwa ena amakhala ngati ozungulira, ena - mwa mawonekedwe a rosette. Maluwa amathanso kukhala osiyanasiyana: mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nyenyezi, lathyathyathya, chubu, kapu, etc. Maluwa amapanga inflorescence. Choyamba, omwe pansi amakhala akutulutsa, kenako omwe ali pamwamba. Ziphuphu zimapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zimaperekedwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, zimakhala ndi njere. Kuchulukana kungakhale mbewu ndi masamba.
Zipatso
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe maluwa amakongoletsera. Zoweta zidabweretsa zokongola zosiyanasiyana za mbewuyi. Mtundu wamba ndi woyera. Mawonedwe a munda akhoza kukhala lalanje, achikasu, ofiira, ndi ena.
Tcherani khutu! Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri kapena itatu. Pakhoza kukhalanso mikwingwirima kapena madontho ofiirira, lilac kapena wobiriwira.
Kwa zaka zambiri, botanists akhala akuyesera kupanga mitundu yamtambo kapena yamtambo.
Gulu la V. M. Baranova
Malinga ndi gulu la V. Baranova, zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu zodziwika. Kutengera pa iwo, mtunduwo wagawidwa m'magawo 11:
- Lilium - makulidwe a maluwa, utoto wawo ndi yoyera;
- Eurolirium - maluwa otulutsa, masamba ofiira, obiriwira kapena oyera;
- Martagon - maluwa amakula kupita kumbali kapena kumtunda;
- Pseudomartagon - maluwa otulutsa, masamba osiyanasiyana m'mitundu ndi mawonekedwe;
- Archeltrion - njira yaku maluwa kupita mbali kapena m'mwamba;
- Regalia - yopingasa dongosolo la maluwa, perianth chisanu-oyera;
- Sinomartagon - maluwa osokeretsa;
- Sinolirium - mayendedwe a maluwa m'mwamba;
- Pseudolirium - maluwa amayang'ana, masamba amakonzedwa;
- Nepalensia - maluwa otsogola m'mwamba, mawonekedwe a belu.
Magulu a maluwa
Zophatikiza zatsopano zakhala zikuswana kwazaka zingapo. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10,000. Chaka chilichonse mitundu yatsopano imawonekera. Imodzi mwa yotsirizirayo idawoneka wamtchire, chitsamba, wooneka ngati chulu, usiku ndi mitundu yamitundu.
Ma hybrids aku Asia
Mulinso mitundu yayikulu kwambiri (5000). Mitundu yophatikizidwa m'gululi si yoyera kuzisamalira. Amasinthasintha mosavuta pazikhalidwe zatsopano ndipo amalola chisanu ndi mthunzi.
Maonekedwe aku Asia
Curly
Maluwa osankhidwa achi Dutch adasokoneza mapangidwe. Gululi lili ndi mayina ena: dzombe, lopotana, Turkey. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka m'nkhalango za ku Europe ndi Siberia. Mtundu wa pamakhala akhoza kukhala lalanje, wofiirira kapena wachikasu. Pewani kutentha kwambiri mumsewu. Phulusa kwa milungu itatu.
Choyera ngati chipale
Chinthu chosiyanitsa - petals yoyera chipale chofewa komanso tint yaying'ono. Ziphuphu ndizokulungidwa kapena zowongoka. Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi masentimita 10-12. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira chisamaliro mosamala ndi kuyatsa kwabwino.
Waku America
Mawonekedwe osiyanitsa - tsinde lomwe limafikira 1.8 m, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo, miyala ya petals imakhala ndi timizere, timabowo tokhala ngati mawonekedwe am belu, belu kapena mawonekedwe a tubular.
Mmera wosakanizidwa waku America
Kutalika kwamtunda
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku mitundu yotentha ya ku Asia. Simalimbana ndi chisanu. Pankhani imeneyi, mu Russian zinthuzo zimamera m'malo obiriwira kapena kunyumba. Maluwa ali ngati mabelu akulu. Kutalika, amatha kufikira masentimita 15. Tsinde limakula mpaka mita.
Tubular ndi Orleans
Ophunzirawa amaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi chikwi yomwe ili ndi fungo lamphamvu. Maluwa amatulutsa mu Julayi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yotopetsa ndipo imalekerera chisanu bwino. Pewani kudwala. Afunika kubzalidwe m'malo abwino. Tsamba limafikira 190 cm.
Zambiri! Mtunduwu umakhala wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa chamitu yayikulu.
Zophatikiza zam'mawa
Amamera ku Australia, New Zealand ndi USA. Kukanani ndi matenda ndi chisanu. Amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, mpaka 25 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa ukhoza kukhala yoyera, ya pinki ndi ya rasipiberi. M'mitundu ina, chingwe chagolide chimadutsa pakati. Mitundu ina, maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, mwa ena - koyambilira kwa nyundo.
Wowoneka wosakanizidwa
Interspecific
Mitundu iyi ndi yamakono kwambiri. Zimapezeka podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuphatikiza mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Amatha kukhala akulu kwambiri. Mitundu ingapo ya gululi idawerengedwa:
- LA hybrids - Mitundu yaku Asia komanso yayitali yodutsa;
- OA hybrids - kuphatikiza kwa Kum'mawa ndi Asia;
- OT hybrids - magulu akum'mawa ndi tubular;
- Ma hybrids a LO ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomo komanso yamtunda wautali.
Mitundu
Ili ndiye gulu losatha. Makulu awo ndi ochepa. Ndikosavuta kulima maluwa oterowo m'mundawo, popeza samalekerera chisanu. Amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.
Mtengo wachuma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Malupu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira. Amakhulupirira kuti fungo lawo limatha kukhazika mtima pansi.
Zofunika! Mitundu ina imakhala yapoizoni. Ali ndi mungu ndipo madzi amakhala ndi poyizoni.
Ku Siberia ndi Far East amadya ma oat ndi masamba amiyala awiri azithunzi.
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Kuphatikiza koyenera kwa maluwa okongoletsa ndi maluwa ena, ndizotheka kupanga mabedi okongola kwambiri az maluwa omwe angakusangalatseni ndi maluwa onse chilimwe. Maluwa ofiira amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi peonies ndi delphiniums, juniper, astilbe ndi alissum. Nthawi zambiri m'madziwe mumagwiritsa ntchito akakombo amadzi.
Maluwa a Orange amaphatikizidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu komanso ofalitsa. Mbiri yabwino kwa iwo ikhoza kukhala mabulosi, mahonia, euonymus.
Mitundu italiitali imabzalidwa ngati maziko kapena ngati linga. Maluwa amawoneka okongola kutsogolo kwa mitengo. Sukulu yotsika imakweza njira.
Lily wophatikizidwa ndi mbewu zina
Kodi ndimaluwa ati omwe ali oyenera kukula
Mukamasamalira ndi kukulitsa dimba la maluwa, kumbukirani kuti sakonda malo osintha. Dera maluwa liyenera kuyatsidwa bwino. Komanso, kakombo wa m'munda azikula pamalo otetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu. Nthaka imafunikira yotakasuka, yoyesedwa komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Zofunika! Kuti maluwa azikula bwino asanabzalidwe, phulusa liyenera kuwonjezedwa m'nthaka mwezi umodzi.
Amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere, humus ndi peat.
Mukamasankha babu kuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi malingaliro otsatirawa:
- babu ayenera kukhala wamphamvu;
- pasakhale zowonongeka ndi zowola;
- kutalika kwa mizu - 5 cm.
Zofala
Fomu wamba ili ndi tsinde losavomerezeka. Masamba amakonzedwa mozungulira. Mitundu ina, masamba amapanga ma whorls. Tsinde limakutidwa ndi masamba, ndipo mwina limakhala ndi dongosolo losowa. Perianth imaphatikizapo masamba asanu ndi limodzi. Kutalika kwake, mtengowu umafikira masentimita 15 mpaka 150. Pakati pa duwa ndi 6 ma PC. stamens ndi anthers ndi pistil imodzi.
Kubzala kwake kumachitika molingana ndi mtundu wakale.
Pyramidal
Makombo a piramidi ndi a gulu la ku Asia. Masamba a mbewu za piramidi amapangika modziyangana. Mutabzala, maluwa amayamba mchaka. Masamba a Perianth amalumikizidwa ndi funni. Mphukira yowoneka ngati chikho yofanana ndi piramidi. Mitundu ya pyramidal ilibe fungo. Mawonedwe opondera akufika pachimake cha kukongola mchaka chachitatu. Mwa mitundu, yotchuka kwambiri ndi Chipewa cha Monomakh.
Pyramidal kakombo
Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa a kakombo a piramidi ndi awa:
- disembarkation amapangidwa mkati mwa kasupe;
- kuthirira pang'ono;
- makamaka kumasula poyera;
- amafuna feteleza ndi nayitrogeni ndi feteleza wovuta;
- Muwotche ngati pakufunika.
Tcherani khutu! Kakombo wooneka ngati koloni amatchedwanso piramidi.
Lily ndi duwa lokondedwa ndi ambiri. Ndiwokongoletsera pafupipafupi m'munda. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu mitundu ndi mitundu, kotero aliyense wofesa azitola china chake chaphindu. Mukubzala ndi kusamalira, duwa silikukula, chinthu chachikulu ndikubzala ndi kusamalira bwino.
