Gasteria ndi yabwino kwa iwo omwe amafesa florists omwe amasankha zomera zosasamala zokhalamo. Ngakhale ngati palibe kutchulidwa kwa maluwa, nthawi zonse amakopa maso ndi kuphweka kwawo, makamaka ngati mumaganizira makhalidwe a mtundu uliwonse. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza Gaster komanso momwe angamuthandizire bwino kunyumba kwake - izi zidzakambidwa m'nkhani ino.
Mafotokozedwe a botanical a zomera zamkati
Kukongoletsa kwapamwamba kwa Gaster makamaka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa masamba a minofu, kutsogolo kapena kuzungulira, ndi khalidwe lowala kapena popanda. Pafupifupi zonsezi zimagwiridwa ndi mbali yaying'ono ndipo zimakonzedwa mitsinje yambiri, kupatula kuti mtunduwo umadalira mtundu womwe wasankhidwa. Chiyambi chachikulu chikusiyana kuchokera ku mdima kupita ku zitoliro zobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba pake pali zida zooneka bwino kapena zofanana ndi zowala, zomwe zimapanga zosavuta zachilendo. Kutalika kwa masamba kumakhala masentimita 30, koma mu mitundu ina iwo samakula kuposa masentimita 10.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a Gitala nthawi zina amatchedwa "chotengera cha mimba", chimene chimamvekedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chidziwitso chapadera m'munsi mwa perianth.
Kuwonjezereka kwa kanyengo ka Gaster kumachitika pa nthawi ya maluwa, pamene pakati pa masamba obiriwira ndi minofu amawoneka kuti amakhala aatali mpaka 40-70 masentimita (omwe amapangidwa pambuyo pa tsamba lililonse la masamba). Kusiyanitsa maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mu brush-like inflorescences ndipo amadziwika ndi mtundu wa kusintha kwa mtundu wawo: pafupipafupi, pakati pa mthunzi wachikasu, wobiriwira ndi wa lalanje.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Gaster lero ndi izi:
- Warty - tsinde silinalipo, masamba - malirime amakula mpaka masentimita 20 ndipo amadzaza ndi zida zazing'ono zoyera.
- Kilevataya - amadziwika ndi mapulani a masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi madontho oyera omwe amakula mpaka 12-15 masentimita m'litali.
- Zamtundu - amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa thumba 30 sentimita ndi yaitali, masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi mawanga oyera.
- Zing'onozing'ono - Kutalika kwa masamba sikutsika kuposa masentimita 6, koma mofanana ndi mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi mawanga owala.
- Little varti - amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 20 ndipo, monga mitundu ina yambiri, ali ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono pamwamba pa masamba.
- Armstrong - Kutalika kwa masamba osakanikirana ndi ophwanyika sikudutsa 3 masentimita, ndipo mmalo mwa kuwala komweko pamakhala mfundo zooneka bwino.
- Mizere iwiri - masamba - mpaka 30 cm, ribbed ndi malo.
- Zithunzi za Saber - pamtunda wobiriwira wa mamita 30 masentimita, masamba osawala omwe amaoneka bwino, m'madera ena amasungunuka m'malo amodzi.
- Shaggy - masamba a masamba mpaka masentimita 14 m'litali, pang'ono kutsogolo pamwamba.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Chifukwa chophweka kwambiri cha Gaster pamasamalidwe, palibe chachilendo pazochitika. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino la mbeu, muyenera kuchita bwino ndikuyika bwino mphika, ndikukonzekera kuthirira bwino, feteleza ndi kudulira (ngati kuli kofunikira).
Malo ndi kuunikira
Mu chilengedwe cha Gasteria, tchire zazikulu nthawi zonse zimaphimba, kotero zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Pamene akukula nyumba, amafunika kupanga zinthu zofanana monga momwe zingathere, pritenaya m'nyengo yozizira. Malo abwino pamfundoyi ndi malo omwe ali kumwera kwakumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo, ndi zophimba zamatabwa kapena zamkati. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi bwino ngati zitetezedwa kuzithunzi ndi mphepo yamkuntho, zomwe zingasokoneze zokoma.
Malo abwino kwambiri oyandikana nawo omwe akufotokozedwa chomera ndi cacti, pakati pawo omwe Gaster amakula bwino ndikukula.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe oyang'ana, masamba a Gasteri amadziwika ndi mphamvu yabwino yotulutsa oksijeni mu mdima, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuti aziyikidwa m'zipinda zogona kapena zipinda.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu kwa mavitamini kudzakhala mkati mwa 18 ... + 25 ° С, koma m'nyengo yozizira dormancy, ndibwino kuti muwachepetse ku 6 ... + 12 ° С. M'tsogolomu, izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa asangalale, koma ngati kutentha sikunathe kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso maluwa: kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira kumabweretsa kuundana ndi subsidence ya inflorescences.
Chinyezi sichiri chofunikira kwambiri kwa chomera chodabwitsa, choncho, pakukula mu malo okhala, palibe zoonjezera zina zofunika kuti musinthe malingaliro amasiku ano.
Kusamalira kwanu
Posankha malo olima kulima, ndi nthawi yosamalira bwino nkhaniyo, podziwa kufunikira kolemba komanso zakudya zowonjezera.
Kusamba malamulo
Nthaka mu mphika wokhala ndi chiopsezo ikhoza kuuma pang'ono, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi zachilendo kwa mtundu uwu wa chomera. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera chinyezi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatsogolera ku chitukuko cha njira zowonongeka. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nthawi zonse nthaka imatha kusapitirira 2-3 pa mwezi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, ulimi wothirira umachepetsa kwambiri: mpaka pafupifupi 1 nthawi pa mwezi. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse kutentha, kusanunkhidwa ndi kukhazikika, ndikubweretsa m'nthaka makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa, yomwe ingathandize kupewa kuchepa kwa maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Zimaletsedwa kuti zisawonongeke bwino kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi kapena, makamaka, "kusamba" izo pansi pa osamba, pokhapokha ngati kuthekera kwa chitukuko cha matenda a fungal omwe amapezeka pakati pa masamba sikungathetsedwe.
Kupaka pamwamba
Poyamba, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lokonzekera la cacti pobzala Gasteria, lomwe lingagulidwe mosavuta pa sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa. Pokhapokha mutakonzekera mchere wosakaniza, n'zotheka kuikapo mchere ndi nthaka, komanso kusakaniza mchenga ndi mchenga zomwe zimapangidwira, poyang'anira 5: 3: 2: 4. Komabe, nthaka yoteroyo siimatsimikiziranso kukhala wathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho zowonjezereka (May-October) sizingakhale zopanda pake.
Monga mchere wosakaniza, mungagwiritse ntchito zovuta feteleza feteleza kwa cacti, kuchepetsa mlingo womwe wopangidwa ndi theka amapereka. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zosakaniza m'nthaka - kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse. M'nyengo yozizira (kuyambira November mpaka April), ndibwino kuti musadye Gastrium, mupatseni mpumulo kwathunthu ku chomera.
Kudulira
Kukonza kwa Gaster kumangotanthauza zokhazokha, pamene kuli kofunika kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi mapesi a maluwa. Chomeracho sichisowa kupanga, chifukwa zimatha kulamulira kutalika kwa masamba okha ndipo nthawi zonse zimawoneka ngati zokongola, malinga ndi maonekedwe ake. Mukakuika, mutha kuwongolera mizu yovunda, onetsetsani kuti mukupukuta madera odulidwawo ndi mabala oyaka.
Kuwaza
Gasteria amavomereza molakwika ndi zochitika zonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwawo, choncho, kupatsirizidwa kumalimbikitsidwa kokha ngati njira yomaliza, pamene kubzala koyambirira kumakhala kochepa, kapena chifukwa cha madzi, mizu imatha kuvunda, komanso kufa kwabwino.
Chitani ndondomeko kamodzi pachaka, makamaka nthawi yachisanu, nthawi itatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yonse. Poto latsopano liyenera kukhala lalikulu 2-3 masentimita kuposa kale, koma osati kwambiri kuti mizu ikhale yayikulu. 
Kuwunikira kumafuna kulondola molingana ndi wolima ndipo kumachitika motsatira ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Pansi pa chida chatsopano chodzala masentimita awiri-masentimita anagona njerwa zosweka kapena dongo, zomwe zidzakhala ngati ngalande.
- Pafupifupi theka la mphika, tsanulirani nthaka yokonzera cacti kapena gawo lokonzekera, pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba, sod, peat ndi mchenga.
- Sungani mosamala chomera chochotsedwera ku mphika wakale kupita ku chatsopano, kuyesera kusunga chipinda chadothi.
- Kweza pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kuthirira mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pake, Gaster sakuyenera kusokonezeka pa masiku 3-4 oyambirira, ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo pokhapokha ndikupatsirizidwa ndikuyamba kuthiriridwa ndikudyetsedwa kachiwiri.
Maluwa nthawi
Maluwa ambiri a Gaster amatha kuwonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe. Pafupipafupi, maluwa amakhalabe kwa mwezi umodzi, komabe sizingatheke kuti zitenge miyezi iwiri kuti zisangalale ndi kukongola kwabwino. Maonekedwe a maluwa omwe akukwera akufanana ndi mabotolo otupa, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala pa peduncles, mpaka 45-70 cm m'litali.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa ndikofunika kuti musakhudze munthu wokoma mwa njira iliyonse: simungasinthe kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kusuntha mphika. Mu nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya kukula posachedwa Gasteria adzaponyera mbewu zambewu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala mbewu.
Kuswana
N'zotheka kufalitsa chomera chachinyumba chodabwitsa m'njira zingapo, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi chithandizo cha mbeu zopangidwa bwino kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mwana wamkazi wa rosettes, omwe amawombera posachedwa pazithunzi zilizonse. Ganizirani zomwe zimachitika pazomwezi. 
Zotsatira za Ana
Njira yoperekera zomera imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yosavuta kupeza zomera zatsopano, posunga zizindikiro zonse zazikuluzikulu za chitsamba cha mayi.
Pankhani ya Gasteria, ndondomeko ya ntchitoyi idzakhala motere:
- Konzani miphika yatsopano yambiri monga mukufunikira kubzala ana onse omwe alipo. Mofanana ndi kuika kwa zomera za anthu akuluakulu, onetsetsani kuti muikapo madzi osanjikiza pansi ndikutsanulira nthaka yosakaniza pamwamba (pafupifupi pafupifupi 1/3 ya buku lonse).
- Chotsani mosamala chomeracho kuchokera ku mphika wakale ndikufika kumalo osungirako kumalo osungirako ana awo, kusiyanitsani aliyense, kuonetsetsa kuti pasadakhale bwino mizu yake. Ndibwino kuti musatenge zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi lethargic kapena mizu yaying'ono kwambiri, mwinamwake iwo akusowa nthawi yochepa kuti azikhala pamalo omwewo.
- Ikani mphika uliwonse mu mphika woyenera ndikuuphimba ndi dothi pamwamba, kusiya osachepera 1 masentimita a malo omasuka pamphepete mwa mphika.
Mtsamba wotsalira wotsalira ukhoza kubwezeretsedwa ku mphika wakale kapena nthawi yomweyo umalowetsedwe ndi chidebe chatsopano chodzala.
Video: Kubalana kwa Gasteria mwa kugawa
Mbewu
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi mbewu kumayambitsa kuyambira koyambidwa koyambidwa ndi kuyanika kwake asanayambe kufesa mumchenga wothira. Kusungidwa kwa mbeu m'mabotolo obzala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda: Zimangokhala pamwamba pa mchenga wa fluffy (mtunda wa pakati pa mbewu zoyenera ziyenera kukhala osachepera 2 cm) ndi kuwawaza mokoma pamwamba. Kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi, imangokhala ndikuphimba minda ndi galasi ndikupita nayo kuchipinda chofunda, kutentha kutsika kuposa 25 ° C.
Kusamaliranso kwa mbande kumadalira nthawi yowonongeka kwa gawo lapansi ndi kuyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku. Mphukira yoyamba idzawoneka patatha miyezi 1.5-2 mutabzala, ndipo patatha masabata angapo amatha kusankhidwa pazitsamba zochepa kapena miphika yomwe ili ndi nthaka yokhazikika.
Ndikofunikira! Njira ina yofalitsa zomera za Gaster ndi kudula, pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lodulidwa (musanadzalemo mu nthaka yokonzeka, iyenera kuuma bwino, mkati mwa masiku awiri). Komabe, kuti tipeze chomera chatsopano mwatsopano mwa njirayi sitingathe kupambana, chotero, olima maluwa ambiri omwe amadziwa bwino maluwa amalangiza kubzala ndi othandizana ndi rosettes - ana.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda a Gaster si owopsya ngati tizirombo, koma ngati akuphwanya ulamuliro wothirira kapena kuvala, n'zotheka kuwonongeka kwa rhizome ndi m'munsi mwa masamba (imvi nkhungu). Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, m'pofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi la chinyezi likhale ndibwino komanso kuchotsa zitsamba za maluwa.
Kuchokera ku tizirombo, ntchito yowonjezera imasiyana mealybug, mamba ndi aphid. Pachiyambi choyamba, maonekedwe oyera amatha kuoneka bwino pamtengowo, kachiwiri, mawanga oyera akhoza kuwoneka pamasamba, koma kukhalapo kwa aphid kumadera kudzaonekera kunja, tangoyang'anani mkati mwa masambawo.
Polimbana ndi tizilombo tomwe tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zonse tidzakhala tikuthandizira kwambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amatchuka kwambiri ndi mankhwala "Aktellik", "Phosphiti", "Aktara". Ngati zomera zawonongeka pang'ono, mankhwala amtunduwu angathandize: Mwachitsanzo, sopo ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta masamba. Ngakhale tizilombo tili ochepa, kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi imodzi kumakhala kokwanira, koma ngati nkhaniyi ikutha, ndiye kuti mudzabwezeretsanso mu masiku 10-14. 
Mwamwayi, kuti mukwanitse kuthana ndi mavuto nthawi imodzi, simungathe kukhala otsimikiza kuti sipadzakhala mavuto m'tsogolomu, choncho, pamene mukukula Gasteria, nthawi zonse amayang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe chake ndipo samalola ngakhale kuphwanya pang'ono mu chisamaliro. Ndi njira iyi yokha mbeu yanu idzakhala yathanzi ndipo idzatha kukondweretsa ena ndi maonekedwe ake.
