Watercress - amatanthauza masamba azomera, ali ndi zowawa pang'ono. Tsopano yatchuka kwambiri. Kukoma kwachilendo kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mafuta a mpiru m'malo obiriwira a therere ili.
Zopindulitsa zomwe zabiriwira izi zadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Hippocrates adalankhula zakuchiritsa kwa mankhwalawa, kuthekera kwake kuyeretsa magazi komanso kupereka mphamvu yonse pazamoyo zonse. Ku Egypt wakale, ndi chithandizo chake adakweza thanzi la abambo komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu.
Chifukwa chosadzuka, imawonekera pamabedi ndi pazenera la anthu okhala ku Russia.
Kufotokozera kwamadzi
Chomera ichi ndi udzu, chimachitika chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Amadziwika kuti amadya.
Watercress ili ndi mayina angapo: watercress, kufesa klopovnik, Tsitsmat. Ndi wa banja la a Crucifer, a genus Klopovnik. Ndiwobadwa ku Iran, komanso amakula munyengo ku Egypt, Ethiopia ndi Asia. Zinkadziwika m'misasa ya chigwa cha Mediterranean mu nthawi ya Nthawi Zamakedzana, zoyesa zoyesayesa zoyambirira zoyesayesa zidayamba pamenepo.
Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kukhala 30 cm mpaka 60. Muzu wake ndiwophweka. Masamba monga mphukira amapentedwa mu mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana, pali: yoyera ndi yapinki. Atatulutsa maluwa ambiri mu June-Julayi, zipatso zofanana ndi ma pod. Amakonzekera kumera m'malo okhala ndi dzuwa kapena pang'ono. Amakonda dothi losalowerera kapena pang'ono lokhala ndi michere yambiri, kuthirira pang'ono. Kufalikira ndi mbewu.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbewuyi: kufesa, masamba athunthu komanso lopindika. Onsewa ndi osiyana m'mawonekedwe.
Chifukwa chake phula lamadzi lopindika limakhala ndi mpata wowonjezera, ndipo masamba ake ndi osadziwika bwino, osema. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 15-17. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamtunduwu: "Openwork", komanso yakucha ndi kwamkati.
Mu saladi yokhala ndi masamba athunthu, rosette ndiwotunda komanso wokulirapo m'mimba mwake ndipo imatha kutalika masentimita 20. Imatha kukula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6. Mwachitsanzo, "Ducat", ndi amtunduwu. 
Mitundu ya Watercress
Kubzala cress ndi mtanda pakati pa mitundu ina iwiri. Ili ndi rosette yayikulu, yosanjikizidwa pang'ono, ma shiti akulu akulu, ophatikizidwa pang'ono. Mitundu yomwe ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi yake. Mwachitsanzo, "Zosangalatsa", "Dansky."
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamadzi yamadzi
Gome likuwonetsa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.
| Onani | Gulu | Mawonekedwe |
| Ndi masamba athunthu | Ducat | Zovuta pamakonzedwe apamwamba. Kuyambira pomwe mawonekedwe oyamba akuwonekera kumayambiriro kwa kucha (luso), pakadutsa milungu iwiri. Kutalika kotalika ndi 15 cm mulifupi ndi 25 cm mulifupi. Chiwerengero cha masamba chimasiyana kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 16, ndiokulirapo, utoto utoto wonyezimira. Amakhala ndi masamba osangalatsa a mpiru ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono. |
| Broadleaf | Zimatanthauzira mitundu yosyanasiyana ya sing'anga. Mutha kudya 1 mwezi mutabzala. Imakula msanga, imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Mapepala ndiwofewa kwambiri, obiriwira bwino, omwe amatha kununkhira bwino. Ntchito pokonza nyama mbale, nsomba, komanso kuwonjezera saladi. | |
| Kinky | Openwork | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakucha koyambirira. Takonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu masabata 3-4. M'litali ndi m'lifupi mwake limakula mpaka masentimita 25. Litha kumera ponse pobisika komanso m'malo obiriwira komanso kunyumba. |
| Curly | Zimagwiranso ntchito kwa mitundu yoyambira kwambiri, koma imayamba kucha mpaka masiku 40-45 mutabzala. Tchire ndi laling'ono pang'ono ndipo limafikira 20-22 cm mulifupi ndi kutalika. Pazakudya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse za mbewu, kuphatikizira mphukira zazing'ono mpaka mivi itawonekera. | |
| Kufesa | Zosangalatsa | Ndi yamtundu wamipango yoyambirira, yoyenera kumera m'nyumba, m'malo obiriwira komanso malo otseguka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zokometsera komanso kuwonjezera spiciness ku saladi. |
| Dansky | Mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri - yokonzeka kudya pasanathe masiku 10 kuchokera nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbewu. Kukanani ndi nyengo yochepa yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kulimidwa ku Russia. Ili ndi chitsulo chambiri komanso mchere wake, vitamini C, calcium ndi iodini m'mitundu ndi masamba ake. | |
| Zokhotakhota | Komanso kucha kucha, kwachulukitsa zokolola. Imakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwinoko, kofanana ndi mpiru. Takonzeka kudya pa tsiku 17 kuchokera kuonekere mbande. |
Njira Zokulira Zamadzi
Pali njira zingapo zakukulira madzi osungira madzi: pawindo la nyumba, m'malo obiriwira komanso panthaka. Koma musanayambe kubzala, ndikofunikira kukonza nthaka ndi mbewu.
Mtundu wa herbaceous uwu ndiwodziwonjezera kwambiri pakukula kwake. Itha kumera ngakhale pepala losavuta lothira madzi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kusunga malamulo ena kuti mbewu ikakondwere ndi kuchuluka kwake:
- Mukamayika pawindo, ndi bwino kugula malo pamalo ogulitsira apadera, osachotsa pamalowo. Izi ndichifukwa choti dothi limatha kukhala ndi mphutsi ndi mazira a nthata yopachika, yomwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso timawonongera madzi.
- Mukabzala pamalo otseguka, simungathe kuyimitsa chidwi chanu pa mabedi pomwe kabichi kapena mbewu ya mizu (kaloti, beets, adyo, ndi zina) amagwiritsa ntchito kukula. Zomera zabwino sizigwira ntchito, ndibwino kusankha malo ena.
Mukasankha malo oti mubzale, muyenera kulabadira kukonzekera kwa mbewu. Akulu mu chomera, pang'ono pang'ono komanso ofanana ndi mpiru. Amayikidwa mumtsuko ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi, pamwamba pomwe. Zilowerere kwa maola 10-15. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mutha kuyamba kufesa.
Kubzala madzi osungira mbande
Sizotheka nthawi zonse kubzala watercress panja, koma ndizosavuta kuchita m'nyumba nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Poterepa, muyenera kubzala pafupipafupi masiku onse asanu ndi awiri. Kuti muchite izi, konzani miphika ndi dothi lokwanira masentimita 8-10. Kenako mbewu zobzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi, kapena zimatha kuphukira pa ubweya wa thonje kapena thonje, kenako ndikusamutsira ku chidebe chokonzedwa. 
Kukula kwatsiku ndi phwando
Paulimi wamtunduwu, sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chosiyana, malo ammadzi amamva bwino m'deralo ndi masamba ndi masamba ena azitsamba. Mitundu ina iliyonse yamadzi am'madzi awa, mwachitsanzo, Ducat, Dera la Moscow, ndioyenereradi.
Kukula chopopera madzi pawindo
Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu kuchokera hafu yachiwiri ya Seputembala, nthawi ino kutentha kumachoka, koma kutalika kwa tsiku ndikadali kotalika, komwe sikungalole kuti mbewuyo ikule mwadzidzidzi ndikuuluka.
Patsogolo, chidebe chakukula chimakonzedwa mwapadera, pansi pake muyenera kuyika thonje kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono 2-4 cm, utuchi kapena dothi lapansi limatsanulidwira pamwamba mbande kapena mbewu zamkati iliyonse. Kenako amaika njerezo ndikuwaza pamtunda wa 1.5-2 cm. Thirani madzi pang'ono, kuphimba ndi galasi, hardboard kapena kanema ndikutsukidwa m'malo amdima mpaka kutulutsa koyamba.
Watercress imakula bwino pamtunda wa + 5 ... +6 ° C, pamlingo uwu imakhala mizu yolimba. Masamba oyambawo akapangidwa, chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa ndipo chiwiya chimasunthidwa kupita kumalo otentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ° C.
Ndikofunikira kuyika mphikawo pang'ono pang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa ndikuwutembenuzira mbali zosiyanasiyana tsiku ndi tsiku. Khonde lofunda kapena loggia kumpoto chakunyumba ndizoyenereradi njirayi kukulira. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuthirira mbewuyo osalola kuyanika konse kwa dothi. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa botolo lothira kumatha kukhala ndi phindu pamtengowo. Saladiyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta, superphosphate kapena Utawaleza.
Ngakhale masana afupika, chomera sichifunikira kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Mutha kudya pomwe tchire likufika kutalika kwa 8-10 cm. Kuti muchite izi, amadulidwa mosamala ndi lumo lakuthwa pafupi ndi dothi.
Kukula mopopera madzi pamalo otseguka
Kubzala poyera kungayambire theka lachiwiri la Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Ndikofunikira kuti musangoganizira mafelemu a nthawi yokha, komanso kutentha kwa nyengo: nthaka iyenera kuletseka pafupifupi 4 cm, ndipo mpweya uyenera kutentha mpaka + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Ngati mukufuna kufesa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, ndikofunikira kuzichita pa chisanu choyamba, apo ayi mbewu zidzafa.
Dothi laling'ono la asidi kapena losalowerera ndendende ndi bwino.
Mukabzala kabichi kapena pafupi ndi icho simuyenera kubzala, zokolola zabwino sizigwira ntchito, chifukwa ngalawa yamadzi imatha kudwala ndi nthomba yopachika pamtengo.
Muyenera kukonzekeretsa mundawo madzulo a nthawi yophukira: amakuumba ndikuwonjezera superphosphate kapena manyowa, omwe adasakanizidwanso kale. Chapakatikati, mutangobzala, mutha kuwonjezera manyowa ndi ammonium sulfate.
Pa dothi lotseguka, mizere imapangidwa ndikuzama kuya kwa 0,5 ... 1 cm, mtunda pakati pawo 10 ... 20. Mphukira zomwe zidawoneka ziyenera kudulidwamo, ndikusiya poyambira masentimita 10 kuzungulira chitsamba chilichonse.
Ndikwabwino kubzala pamthunzi wocheperako, chifukwa m'mabedi omwe ali ndi kuwala kambiri, mbewuyo imayamba kutulutsa mivi mwachangu ndikusakhala yoyenera kudya.
Watercress imathiriridwa nthawi zonse, kutengera kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi. Mutatha kunyowa, mutha kumasula dothi pakati pa tchire. Ndikofunika kusamala kwambiri ndi kuvala kwapamwamba pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa kuphuka, popeza nthawi yakucha ya chomera ndiyifupi kwambiri ndipo ma nitrate omwe amalowamo sadzatha kukonzedwa ndikuvulaza chifukwa chake.
Kukula mopopera madzi mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yakulira mbewuyi mu wowonjezera kutentha sizosiyana ndi poyera. Itha kubzalidwe kasupe m'mbuyomu kuposa poyambira, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yayitali kasupe. Zimangofunika mpweya wabwino pafupipafupi, kuyambitsa mpweya wabwino.
Zojambula Zosamalira Watercress
Malamulo oyambira posamalira mbewuyi si ambiri. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuthirira kwakanthawi komanso kokwanira, koma sikuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo.
Ngati mudzaza chomera, chitha kufa, ndizofunikira makamaka mukamakulitsa letesi kunyumba, chifukwa kulibe malo owonjezera chinyezi kuchokera pochepa.
Muyeneranso kusankha malo oyenera kuti nthaka isatenthe kapena dzuwa. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito m'zipinda komanso malo ena.
Tizilombo ta watercress ndi matenda
Chifukwa chakukula msanga, nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi nthawi yopatsirana tizirombo kapena matenda.
Komabe, nthawi zina pamachitika zinthu zovuta. Tebulo lomwe lili pansipa likufotokozera mwachidule mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana.
| Vutoli | Kuwonetsera | Njira zoyesera |
| Mwendo wakuda Zoyota | Kudetsa tsinde kenako masamba kumachitika ndi chinyontho chowonjezera cha nthaka. | Kuwonongeka kwa tchire lodwala. Kubzala m'malo omwewo pakubwera chilimwe sikulimbikitsidwa. |
| Tizilomboti tambiri | Masamba a mbewu amaterera. | Kusintha zomera ndi fumbi la fodya kapena decoction wake. Popewa kutenganso matenda, ndikofunikira kusuntha mabedi okhala ndi watercress kupita kumalo akutali kuchokera ku banja la Kabichi. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa: zinthu zofunikira za watercress
Watercress ili ndi katundu wochiritsa: kuphatikiza ndi madzi ambiri momwe amapangidwira, imatha kuthetsa ludzu, komanso nkhokwe ya vitamini, mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu. Chifukwa chake zimaphatikizapo: mavitamini A, E, K, B, C, Ca, phosphorous, magnesium, selenium, choline, iron, zinc ndi ena ambiri.
Ngati mumadya chomera ichi tsiku ndi tsiku, ndiye malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, chiwopsezo cha matenda monga prostatitis, matenda amkati ndi mawonekedwe a neoplasms yoyipa amachepa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ayodini, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimayenda bwino komanso mwayi wopanga matenda ake amachepa. Zowonjezera zake pachakudya zimathandizanso kugona ndipo zimawonjezera kugwira ntchito konse kwa thupi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzidya kumapeto, pamene chiopsezo chokhala ndi vitamini chosowa kwambiri.
Komabe, izi zozizwitsa zodzetsedwa zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto m'matumbo am'mimba, makamaka panthawi yowonjezera.
Simuyenera kudya masamba opitilira 4 a zipatso tsiku lililonse, apo ayi pamakhala zovuta ndi kugaya chakudya: kutsekula m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngakhale njira zosavulaza kwambiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Mlingo woyenera.
Watercress ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yomwe ndi yosavuta kukula osati m'mundamo, komanso pawindo. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, sangasangalale ndi kukoma kwake kwapamwamba, komanso mawonekedwe a tchire, chifukwa ndi wokongola kwambiri.
