Timadziŵa bwino mphesa zamphesa

Mphesa yamphesa mphesa amatha kukongoletsa tebulo lililonse ndi maonekedwe abwino a zipatso ndi zokoma za zamkati.

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankha kuti ndi zosiyana ziti zomwe mukufuna kukula m'munda wanu wamphesa, muyenera kuphunzira zikuluzikulu za njira zingapo ndikusankha zomwe zimayendera bwino kukoma kwanu ndi nyengo ya dera lanu.

Kalasi ya mphesa "Kukondwera Kwakuya"

Magulu a mphesa za zosiyanasiyana ndi aakulu ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a conical. Kutalika kulemera masango nthawizina ifika pa 2kg. Zipatso zili minofu, oblong, mawonekedwe ochepa. Mnofu ndi wobiriwira, wamadzi ndi wokoma, wotetezedwa ndi khungu lofewa. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi wosakhwima, wobiriwira ndi golide wagolide.

Malingana ndi zokolola zake, mphesa yamtundu uwu ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku hekita imodzi, mosamala, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 140 peresenti. Mphukira ya zipatso zokwanira 75%, chiwerengero cha masango kuti athawe pafupifupi 1.6.

"Kusangalala woyera" kumatanthauza chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira. Nthawi yake yakucha sikudutsa masiku 120.

Kusadandaula kwake ubwino ndi:

• kukula kwakukulu;
• wokoma kwambiri ndi wachifundo zamkati mwa zipatso;
• kukalamba bwino;
• zipatso zazikulu za golidi;
• chipatso chochuluka cha mphukira (icho chifikira 85%);
• chitetezo chachikulu cha tizirombo ndi matenda;
• mpesa sudzawonongeka ngakhale pa -26 ° C chisanu;
• Masango obiriwira amakhala ndi alumali yaitali pa mpesa (mpaka miyezi 1.5), pamene kukoma ndi maonekedwe a zipatso sizikusintha;
• bwino transportability;
• kulemera kwakukulu kwa magulu (pafupifupi 550g).

Mwa chiwonongeko akhoza kufotokoza zotsatirazi:

• zokhutira mizu ya cuttings ya mphesa, kotero ndi bwino kukula izo mu mawonekedwe a kuphatikizidwa mpesa pa mphamvu rootstocks;
• osauka kukana phylloxera.

Popeza Kukondwera Kwakuya ndikumayambiriro koyambirira, kubzala kwake kuli kotheka kumpoto chifukwa chakuti, kutentha kwabwino kwa mpesa, kutentha kwathunthu kwa nyengo ayenera kukhala osachepera 2000 ° C (chifukwa cha tanthawuzo ili, ndikofunika kuyeza kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa gawo lina la nyengo ).

Anakumana winegrowers amalangiza chomera munda wa autumnPopeza panthawiyi n'zosakayikitsa kusankha chinthu chabwino chodzala, komanso, mpesa, umene unabzala bwino m'dzinja, udzakhala ukukula mwamsanga ndipo udzabala zipatso isanafike masika. Ndipotu, m'nyengo yozizira, mizu yake idzakula kwambiri ndipo idzakula.

N'zosatheka kufulumira kukolola mphesa mwa njira iliyonse mu viticulture, koma ngati mutabzala baka pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba, usiku, khoma lotentha ndi dzuwa lidzapereka kutentha kwa mphesa, motero kuwonjezereka kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Musanabzala, ndizofunika kufufuza nthaka pa tsamba.

Ngati dziko liri lolemera dongo, ndikofunika kuti mpesa ukhale pangani ngalande zabwinoNgati pali peat wambiri pa chiwembu, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mchenga. Malo a mchenga ayenera kumangidwa bwino ndi manyowa kapena kompositi.

Kuti mupeze magulu akuluakulu a kuthengo, nkofunikira kupanga katundu wambiri ndi maso (pafupifupi 25 maso pa chitsamba chachikulu cha mpesa) komanso katundu wamtengo wakale woteteza thunthu. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa mpaka maso atatu chifukwa chipatso chamtengo wapatali cha mpesa chimapezeka pansi pa mphesa.

Zomerazi ndizokula kwambiri pa arched formations ndi mphamvu rootstocks. Malingana ndi nyengo ya dera lodzala, mpesa uyenera kutsukidwa 1-2 nthawi ndi mankhwala oidium ndi mildew.

Za mphesa "Zamatsenga"

Magulu a Zilonda zamtunduwu ndi oyera-chikasu, koma aakulu, osasunthika pang'ono, ndipo amawoneka bwino. Zachilendo kulemera kucha Mabungwe ndi 1100g. Mavitaminiwa ndi amchere, amakhala ndi shuga wabwino, akamakula, amapeza fungo la nutmeg.

"Chithumwa" amatanthauza mitundu yodzipereka kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha zipatso zomwe zimabereka pa chitsamba chiri pafupi 85%, ndipo chiwerengero cha masango pa mphukira chiri pafupi 1.7. Cuttings ndi zabwino rooting.

Pa nthawi ya kucha - uwu ndi pakati pa mphesa zoyambirira (pafupi masiku 130).

Kuti zoyenera Zoterezi zimatha kukhala ndi:

• bwino kukoma kwa zipatso (mkulu shuga wokhutira 21% ndi acidity wa 6-8g / l);
• kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso;
• khalidwe limapangitsa fungo la zamkati;
• mkulu transportability;
• chokolola chachikulu;
• zabwino rooting cuttings;
• kukula kwakukulu kwa mbande;
• oyambirira kulowa fruiting;
• mbande zamphamvu;
• Kutalika kwautali kwa zokolola kuthengo ndi kusunga kukoma ndi zochitika zina;
• kwambiri kukana matenda monga mildew ndi imvi nkhungu;
• kuwonjezereka kwa chisanu (mpaka -25 ° C).

Palibe zoperewera zazikulu muzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Koma ikadzala, ndizofunikira kupereka malingaliro ndi zokolola komanso yowonjezera mungu wa tchire.

Mukamabzala muyenera kuyang'ana nthaka kuti mukhale ndi mchere. Mphesa sizimathandiza kwambiri malo amenewa. Ndi bwino kusankha malo abwino kwambiri, abwino kuti chodzala akhale malo otsetsereka, oyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo.

Simungabzalitse tchire lamphesa kumalo kumene kuli mpweya wozizira, komanso pansi pamadzi. Masiku 14 asanadzalemo mipesa yofunika kukumba chiwembu chabwino, nthaka ya asidi yosakanizidwa ndi laimu muyeso wa 200g pa 1 sq. m. chiwembu.

Nthawi yobzala ikhoza kusankhidwa nthawi zonse masika ndi m'dzinja. Kum'mwera - izi ndi za 15 May, ndi kumpoto, patapita kanthawi, kumapeto kwa May - ngati mutasankha kasupe. Nthawi yobzala m'dzinja imadalira kuyandikira kwa kuyambira kwa frosts yoyamba kudera - nthawi zambiri kuyambira September mpaka November.

Mkhalidwe waukulu uyenera kukhala kutentha kwa dziko lapansi komanso kuyandikira kwa chisanu.

Mpesa uwu ndi wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa umakhala wotsutsa kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo, komanso chisanu. Sikofunikira kuti tisaiwale m'nyengo yozizira. Popeza pali 2-3 inflorescences pa mphukira, n'kosatheka kuiwala kupereka zokolola. Ayeneranso kupereka zowonjezereka zowonjezereka panthawi yolowera maluwa. Mwa kuonetsetsa kuti madzi okwanira ndi nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera, nthawi yokolola imatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa.

Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mphesa za mphesa

Zosiyanasiyana "Arcadia"

Zosiyanasiyana "Arcadia" - ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imachokera ku kudutsa kwa "Cardinal" ndi "Moldova." Zotsatira zake, adalandira makhalidwe awo onse abwino - kusangalatsa kodabwitsa, kukana zowonongeka zosiyanasiyana khalidwe lapamwamba.

Tchire ndizitali, koma nthawi zina zimapezeka pakati - zimadalira njira yothandizira komanso kukula kwa mmera wokha. Ndibwino kuti mukhale osamala, kukula kwa masango kumatha kufika 2 kg.

Zipatsozo zimakhala zoyera, makamaka zazikulu, zooneka ngati dzira, kapena zooneka ngati mtima. Zakudya zokhudzana ndi shuga zimafikira 16%, zomwe siziri zambiri, kotero kukoma kwa "Arcadia" ndi kosavuta, kosavuta komanso kosalala. Ndi zamkati zokongola amatenga muscat ndipo ali ndi juiciness wabwino. Khungu ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, osati lakuda, limateteza mabulosi.

Mwa chiwerengero cha mbewu zokololedwa, "Arcadia" akhoza kuonedwa kukhala mtsogoleri pakati pa mitundu ina ya mphesa. Pa chitsamba china cha mphukira zokoma pafupifupi 75%, ndipo coefficient of fruitfulness ndi 1.5.

"Arcadia" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana (nthawi yakucha ndi masiku 120 okha).

Ubwino Zosiyanasiyana "Arcadia" ndi:

• bwino transportability;
• chokolola chachikulu;
• zabwino mizu ya zopsa;
• kukula mofulumira kwa tchire;
• choyamba fruiting;
• kukoma ndi maonekedwe;
• chitetezo champhamvu cha mildew;
• Kukaniza bwino nyengo yozizira (mpaka 21 ° C);
• Kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi chiwerengero cha masitolo.

Chosowa chokha pa kusamalira mphesa izi ndizofunikira kuonetsetsa za inflorescences, mwinamwake, chifukwa chake, mungapeze masamba ambiri osapsa kuthengo, zomwe zingachititse mpesa kufa ngati akuyesera kutulutsa mbewu yonse.

"Arcadia" amamvetsetsa momwe akumusamalirira, kotero muyenera kuyesetsa kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.

Mitengoyi imakhala ndi mizu yabwino, yomwe mosakayikira imapangitsa njira yodzala. Zokongola kwambiri pa nthaka zonse. Koma osati "kusangalala" mitsinje yamchere. Ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi ndi chiwembu chosankhidwa chodzala, ndiye kuti pansi pa dzenje liyenera kukhala kumanga ngalande zabwino.

Kumadera akum'mwera malo abwino kwambiri odzala pamtunda, monga mphesa zidzakhala zofanana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mukhoza kubzala pafupi ndi nyumbayi, ndipo tchire lidzalandira kutentha komweko kunja kwa khoma lotentha.

Kum'mwera madera chomera kunja "Arcadia" ikhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa March. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti nthaka imatha kufika 8C, ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala 10C. Pakatikati pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti pakhale malo adzakhala pakati pa April - theka la mwezi wa May.

M'nthawi ya kubzala, m'pofunika kumvetsera nyengo zomwe zimakhalapo m'derali. October ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Masamba a mpesa agwa kale, nthaka siidatha-yothira, ndipo pali nthawi yisanafike chisanu choyamba.

Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi wolemba mbiri kuti apereke zokolola. Koma pofuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira zofunikira, nkofunika kutsatira zina zaulimi. Apo ayi, mpesa sungathe kupirira katundu, mbewuyo idzakhala yayikulu, koma yosapsa, ndipo idzangowononga chitsamba. Kukolola kwa zokolola kumakhala kofala. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zipatsozo zikhale zazikulu komanso zoyera.

Ndibwino kupatsa feteleza moyenera mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Kuthirira kumaphatikizidwanso ndi kuvala pamwamba pamwamba. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya kukwanika kotheka kwa zipatso, kotero nthaka yowonjezera Panthawi imeneyi akufunika kuti asiye. Kudulira kungathe kuchitidwa kanthawi kochepa komanso yaitali.

Katundu pa chitsamba chimodzi sayenera kupitirira 8 mphukira pa mita imodzi ya mphesa. "Arcadia" ikugwirizana ndi masitima ambiri.

Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Choyambirira"

Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ndi mitengo yampesa yolimba. Mabungwe wokongola lalikulu, wolemera pafupifupi 600g, wosasunthika, wowoneka bwino. Kuchuluka kwake kwa zipatso ndi kosavuta. Mitengoyi ndi yokongola kwambiri ya pinki kapena yofiira-pinki, yomwe imapangidwira ndi nsonga yamkati, yotetezedwa ndi khungu lakuda.

Shuga wokhudzana ndi zamkati ndi 21%, ndipo acidity ndi 5-6g / l. Zitsamba ziri ndi maonekedwe okongoletsera ndipo ndi okongola kwambiri dzuwa, kukhala ndi kusasitsa bwino.

Malinga ndi zokolola, mukhoza kuika mtengo wapakati. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera pamtunda ndi pafupifupi 75%, ndipo coefficient of fruitfulness ndi 1.7 (pansi pa zovuta).

Panthawi yakucha, "Choyambirira" amatanthauza mitundu yochepetsera (pafupifupi masiku 140).

Ambiri amawoneka phindu Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi:

• maonekedwe okongoletsa a zitsamba ndi magulu;
• kukalamba bwino kwa mphukira;
• Kuteteza bwino matenda monga mildew, oidium ndi imvi nkhungu, ndi kulekerera phylloxera.

Kuti chiwonongeko Mitundu yoyambirira ikuphatikizapo:

• pafupifupi chisanu kukana;
• Chiwerengero chokwanira cha mbewu yokondweretsa, yomwe ilibe nthawi yokhwima;
• pansi pa nyengo yovuta, panthawi ya mphesa, pali nthata zambiri za nthanga, zomwe zimachepetsa kufotokoza kwa gulu;
• makapu amchere;
• Kutsika kotsika chifukwa cha kufooka kochepa kwa zipatso ku tsinde la gululo.

Mitengo ya rooting ndiyomwe, kotero chitsamba chimafuna chisamaliro choyenera mutabzala. Mukamagula mbewu, samalirani kukhwima kwa mizu yake.

Posankha nthawi yokhala, m'pofunika kulingalira za nyengo ya derali ndi ubwino wa nkhaniyo. Ngati atabzalidwa mochedwa kuposa nthawi yovomerezeka, mbande idzakhala yosauka ndikugwera m'mbuyo.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kubzala mu nthaka yonyowa kungachititse imfa ya mphesa. Oyambirira akhoza kubzalidwa m'chaka - kuyambira March 15 mpaka May 15, komanso m'nyengo yophukira - kuyambira kumapeto kwa September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa November.

Kudulira kwa mpesa kuyenera kuchitidwa pa maso 8-12, pamene kuchotsa mphukira zazing'ono. Katundu pa chitsamba sayenera kukhala oposa 60 maso. "Choyambirira" amafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira. Zimakula bwino pamapangidwe amphamvu ndi mitengo yokwanira yamatabwa akale.

Mitundu ina ya tebulo - "Moldova"

Zipatso za mphesa za ku Moldova zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wofiira komanso zofiira, zowoneka bwino, zotetezedwa ndi khungu lakuda. Masangowa ndi apakati (aakulu kwambiri amafika 1 makilogalamu), amadzimangirira, nthawi zina amawoneka mozungulira, amasiyana mosiyana kwambiri.

Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yowonongeka komanso yobiriwira, ili ndi kukoma kokha. Maluwa okwatirana. Pamunsi mwa masamba, bristly villi akhoza kuwonedwa.

Kukonzekera ndi kokwera kwambiri. Ndi nyengo yabwino komanso chisamaliro chitha kusonkhanitsa 150-200ts / ha.

"Moldova" ndi mochedwa kapena pakati pakati pa mphesa zosiyanasiyana. Mukhoza kukolola ku mpesa mu 20, mwezi wa September, zimadalira nyengo yomwe ili m'deralo. Kumpoto kuli kotheka kuti zokolola sizidzatha mpaka mapeto.

Ubwino:

• oyambirira kulowa mu full fruiting;
• mankhwala otetezeka a matenda a fungal, ambiri mwa iwo samafuna chithandizo, kupatula kwa oidium;
• mwamphamvu kukana phylloxera, zomwe zimalola kuti zibzalidwe m'madera odwala ndi tizilombo;
• ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino za kuyenda, kusunga khalidwe;
• mpesa umatsutsana ndi chisanu mpaka -22 ° C;
• Zakale zatsalira pa tchire.

Kuipa Izi zosiyanasiyana zili ndi zambiri. Koma, pokhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino cha wolima, ambiri a iwo akhoza kupeŵa. Kotero:

• kumvetsetsa ku calcareous chlorosis;
• kusamvana bwino ndi fomopsis;
• ndi kutenthedwa kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino ndi kusungirako kumachepa pang'ono.

Polemba munda wamphesa, dziwani kuti uwu ndi mphesa yolimba, yomwe siili imalola kuti kuyambika kwakukulu kufike. Choncho, mmera uliwonse m'dera lalikulu amafunika kuti awonongeke, mwinamwake masangowo adzakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso osasunthika, omwe angakhudze ubwino wa zokolola.

Sizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a manja apamwamba ndi malo osungira manja a nthambi zatsopano, koma malo okongola kwambiri opangidwa ndizitali amapangidwa. Mtengo wamtunduwu umakonda malo otentha, otetezeka bwino komanso olemera.

Popeza ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ukuwululidwa bwino pamene mutabzala m'madera otentha pamtunda wovuta, ndizotheka kubzala kumapeto kwa March, komanso kugwa kuchokera mu September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa November.

Mitengo ya mphesayi silingalekerere kuwonjezereka kwa mpesa ndi mbeu, kapena kutsekemera. Chifukwa chake amafunikira kusamalira mosamala komanso chitsamba chopanga.