Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo, mtengo wa "Gala" wa apulo umadziwika bwino. Kulemekezeka kwambiri komanso kuzindikira mitundu ya "malonda" kunapambana ku Ulaya, United States of America, Canada ndi Brazil. Kuzindikira makhalidwe abwino koteroko kunapangitsa mitengo ya apulo ya "Gala" zosiyanasiyana kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamalonda.
Mbiri yopondereza
Wofalitsa wa ku New Zealand J.H. Kidd, mwa kudutsa mtengo wa apulo Golden Delicious ndi Golden Kidd Orange, mu 1957 analandira mtundu watsopano wa apulo wotchedwa Gala, kutanthauza "mwambo ".
Mukudziwa? Ku America - Washington, West Virginia ndi Rhode Island - apulo amadziwika ngati chipatso cha boma, ndipo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo, amatchedwa New York ("Big Apple").
Kuwonetsa osati makhalidwe abwino kunja kwa chipatso, J.H. Kidd imatengedwa kuti ikhale ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi deta yokongola. Ndi kubweranso kwawo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Pokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso kukoma kwake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mafakitale a New Zealand ndi Europe kuyambira 1965. 
Zoned m'katikati mwa Ukraine ndi kum'mwera zigawo za Russia kuyambira 1993, koma pamtengo waukulu sanagwiritsidwebe ntchito. Mu 2016, chizindikirocho chinapangitsa kuzindikira kuti "otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse" ndi "Gala".
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mitundu ya Apple "Gala" ikuimira kufotokoza koteroko.
- Mtengo: kutalika kwake, osapitirira mamita 3.5 mu msinkhu.
- Mizu ya mizu: mtundu wa fibrous.
- Krone: ochepa, kufalikira, kuzungulira ndi kupangika.
- Kupanga nthambi: mphamvu yamkati ndi kutsogolera kwa kukula.
- Maluwa: kumapeto kwa May ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June.
- Zikudulira: wofiira, wozungulira, woyera.
- Masamba: chophatikizidwa ndi nsonga yotchulidwa pamapeto, mdima wandiweyani, gawo lawo lamanzere limasindikiza.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuyesa mitundu yonse ya maapulo, zimatenga zaka zoposa 20 za moyo, pogwiritsa ntchito maapulo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa tsiku.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso za kalasi ya "Gala" - kukula kwake, mawonekedwe amodzi ndi omaliza. Pamwamba pa apulo kamba kakang'ono ndi kovomerezeka. Zipatso zolemera ndi 115-145 magalamu, koma pazomwe zimatha kufika 170 magalamu. Mtundu uli wachikasu ndi mawindi ofiira-mikwingwirima yofiira. M'magulu ena a "Gala" zosiyanasiyana, bulauni zofiira zimatha kuphimba pamwamba pa apulo. Khungu la chipatsocho ndi lofiira, lochepa, koma lolimba. Mnofu ndi wopepuka, ndi chikasu chamtambo, wandiweyani, ndi mawonekedwe a granular. Kukoma kwa maapulo ndi okoma kwambiri movomerezeka. Fungo la maapulo - tsabola lokoma ndi caramel ndi nutty mfundo. 
Zofunikira za Kuunikira
Malinga ndi kumene maapulo a Gala amakula pa chiwembu, zipatso zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za kukula bwino ndi chitukuko chimatengedwa ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa, kapena "kutsekemera". Kuti mukhale ndi zofunikira kwambiri kukula komanso fruiting yunifolomu ku korona yonse, mtengo umafuna kuwala kwakukulu, kotero ndikofunika kutsika kumalo owala kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kulephera kwa kuwala kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha zizindikiro za masamba a zipatso, motero, zidzachepetsa zokolola ndi kuwonjezereka kukoma kwa maapulo.
"Gala" imakhala ndi mthunzi, koma izi zimakhudza kwambiri zokolola za mtengo.
Zosowa za nthaka
Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino, "Gala" imafuna dothi lachonde (chernozem, loam, mchenga loam). Ndi bwino kubzala mitengo ya apulo pamalo ouma ndi okwera omwe alibe madzi apansi. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakonda nthaka youma popanda chinyezi.
Mukamwetsa nthaka musakhale achangu. Mitengo yaing'ono imafuna nthawi imodzi kuthirira moyenera pa sabata, ndi okhwima ngati pakufunika. Pamwamba chinyezi, kuthirira kwina kwa nyengo sikofunikira. 
Kukhudza thanzi ndi chitukuko cha mtengo waukulu agrotechnical njira za tillage:
- nthawi zambiri kumasula ndi kukumba pachaka. Kuchiza koteroko kumakhudza kwambiri madzi-mpweya ndi kutenthetsa "nyengo" ya nthaka;
- feteleza, yopangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kukumba, idzawonjezera zakudya m'nthaka. Ndikofunika kusamala moyenera mu ntchito ya feteleza, ndipo ndi bwino kudyetsa nthawi ndi nyengo (chaka). Monga apamwamba kuvala ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito organic (feteleza) feteleza. Pazinthu izi, chisakanizo cha kompositi ndi manyowa kapena phulusa ndi mandimu ndizoyenera. Komanso m'nthaka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso feteleza zamchere m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono, kuyang'anira kuchepetsa;
- nthaka mulching ndi utuchi kapena udzu udzalenga bwino nthaka kutentha zinthu.
Ndikofunikira! Kukumba ndi mulching zomwe zimapangidwa mu zovutazo, zidzakuthandizira kuti azidyetsa komanso kuonjezera kukula kwa mtengo.
Kuwongolera
Mtengo wa apulo "Gala" sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhala ndi fruiting komanso amafunika kukhala ndi malo odyetsera mungu. Wokondedwa pa zokolola zosiyana ndi mitundu "Oyang'anira", "James Griv", "Golden Delicious", "Melrose" ndi "Elstar".
Fruiting
Chiyambi cha fruiting mu mtengo wachinyamata umabwera kwa zaka 3-7 zokha ndipo zimadalira kuphatikizidwa (kukulumikiza pa chomera china). Ndizitsamba pazomera zakuya, chiyambi cha fruiting chikhoza kuyamba kale m'chaka chachitatu, ndipo kuphatikizidwa pa chomera chokwanira chapamwamba kudzatsogolera ku fruiting kokha chaka cha 7. Kuwonjezera pa mtundu wa "Gala", izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso za mimba zimatha kupangidwa pamwamba pa nthambi za zipatso, ndi zipatso za zipatso (chaka chimodzi chowonjezera) ndi mapiritsi (zochepa zapachaka). 
Nthawi yogonana
Nyengo ya fruiting imayamba kumapeto kwa September ndipo imathera mpaka kuyamba kwa chisanu (mochedwa November). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula msinkhu kumagwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September, ndipo kumapeto kwa November kukhwimitsa kugula kumabwera.
Mu autumn, zipatso za apulo mitundu monga Red Chif, Kukongola kwa Bashkir, Pepin Safironi, Semerenko, Uralets, Shtreyfling, Solnyshko, Zhigulevskoe zipsa.
Pereka
Chaka chokolola cha mtengo wamkulu chikhoza kufika 50-70 kg. Pa mitengo yaying'ono, zokolola zimakhala zochepa, koma pachaka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yovuta kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Chizoloŵezi ichi cha zosiyanasiyana chingapangitse nthawi kuti fruiting kapena kuwononga khalidwe la chipatso, chomwe ndi kukula kwake.
Pofuna kupeŵa chisokonezo ndi kuonjezera kukula kwa chipatso mu nthawi ya maluwa maluwa, m'pofunika kuonda kunja maluwa mapesi. Ngati mphindi ino iphonya, ndiye kuti ndiloledwa kuthetsa zipatso zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale, kuchotsa chipatso chapakati mu mtolo uliwonse. Ndi "ukalamba" ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtengo zipatso kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wakale kwambiri wa apulo padziko lapansi umakula mumzinda wa Manhattan (New York). Iyo idabzalidwa mu 1947 ndipo imaberekabe zipatso.
Transportability ndi yosungirako
Nthawi zambiri anthu amaonetsetsa kuti apulumuke, koma ma apulo amasunga maulendo awo paulendo wautali. Salafu ya maapulo ndi yaitali ndipo imatha kufika theka la chaka. Ndikofunika kusunga mbewu m'malo ozizira ndi amdima (cellar kapena cellar).
Ndikofunikira! Kuonjezera alumali moyo wa zipatso ndi zowonongeka, zizindikiro za matenda kapena tizilombo toononga tizilombo tomwe tikuyenera kuzisiyanitsa.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Mtengo wa apulo umakonda nthaka youma komanso madzi okwanira, motero, zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungalomu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mvula yambiri: nkhanambo, powdery mildew (oidium), ndi kuvunda.
Koma, monga mtengo wina uliwonse wa zipatso, Gala akhoza kudabwa. matenda amenewa:
- khansara yakuda - matenda opweteka omwe amakhudza makungwa, nthambi, masamba ndi zipatso. Awonetsedwa ndi wakuda akuvutika maganizo ndi madontho ofiira pa thunthu. Amalowa mu bowa kudzera mu kuwonongeka pamtengo;
- Khansara ya mizu ndi matenda a tizilombo omwe amayamba ndi mabakiteriya a nthaka. Mawonetseredwe akunja akhoza kungowonjezera kufooka, kutaya mtengo kwa mtengo ndikusiya patsogolo. Mabakiteriya akudutsa mu mizu yoonongeka.
Zirombo zoopsa kwambiri za "Gala" zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatsogolera zokolola kuchepetsa:
- Kutsekemera njenjete - mbozi, ndipo kenako agulugufe akubaya chipatso. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yofunikira, maapulo akugwa msanga;
- Kachilomboka kameneka ndi tizilombo omwe mphutsi zimadyetsa inflorescences ya maluwa. Chotsatira chake, kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumachepetsedwa kapena kulibe kwathunthu;
- masambawa ndi tizilombo omwe mphutsi zimadyetsa masamba, masamba, ndi zipatso za mtengo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yofunika kwambiri, masambawo ali opunduka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbeu kwachepetsedwa.
Paziwonetsero zoyamba za kukhalapo kwa tizirombo, mtengowu uyenera kuchitidwa ndi tizilombo monga mwa ndondomeko yomwe imasonyezedwa pa phukusi kapena chidebe ndi kukonzekera (Balazo, Kazumin, Agrostak-Bio, Calypso, Decis Profi, Fitoverm).
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuti asapweteke apulo sangathe kudutsa ndondomekoyi, ndikuchepetsani nthawi yopangira.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda kapena tizirombo kumayambiriro kwa masika, kuyera kwa thumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (pamtunda ndi pamunsi, nthambi zoyenera ziyenera kukhala zoyera). Chochitika choterocho chidzapangika chingwe chotetezera ndi kuteteza kuchitika kwa tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chithandizo cha korona ndi fungicides, mwachitsanzo, 3% Bordeaux madzi, amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino. Ndikofunika kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pasanafike ukufalikira kwa impso. Atatha kuthira maluwa, chithandizo cha nkhuni ndi fungicide (Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa oxychloride) akhoza kubwerezedwa.
Zima hardiness
Kukhoza kwa mtengo wa apulola wa Gala kumapangitsa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo zina za nyengo yozizira ndiyeso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yokwanira kuti ikhale yofiira kwambiri ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha kutsika mpaka -25 ° C. "Gala" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa yomwe imapulumutsa nyengo yachisanu "kubwerera" chisanu. Posamalira bwino (kukumba, kudyetsa, kukulitsa), kuuma kwa mtengo kumakula.
Mukudziwa? Nutritionists amati munthu mmodzi amadya apulo ali ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsa thupi, lofanana ndi kapu.
Zipatso ntchito
Zosankha zogwiritsira ntchito chipatso chosatha. Chifukwa cha calorie yochepa kwambiri komanso mavitamini ndi minerals maapulo "Gala" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama:
- kuphika - monga chakudya chosiyana kapena chogwiritsira ntchito popanga ma sauces, marinades, saladi, mchere, zakumwa, komanso kusungirako kukonzekera ma jams, kusunga, compotes. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsamba zofiira, zamtundu komanso zouma;
- mu cosmetology - monga chigawo chachikulu ndi zotsatira zambiri mu shampoo, ma balms, nkhope masks / tsitsi, zokometsera ndi lotions, opangira mano, etc;
- pa zoweta zamtundu ndi zinyama - monga chakudya / chakudya chophatikiza cha nyama.
Phindu logwiritsa ntchito maapulo m'madera amenewa ndi lofunika kwambiri.Phunzirani kupanga vinyo wa apulo ndi cider kunyumba.
Subspecies zochokera ku zosiyanasiyana "Gala"
Poganizira maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a "Gala" sali owala komanso okongola, omwe amatha kukopa chidwi cha wogula, obereketsawo adasintha kukonza "kulakwitsa" ndipo adatulutsa mitundu yatsopano ya mitunduyo ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa chipatso. Pali mitundu yoposa 20 yotchedwa subspecies. Ena mwa iwo, omwe amafotokozera ma apulo ndiwowonjezereka, ndiwo mitundu: "Gala Gala", "Royal Gala", "Mondial Gala".
"Mast Gala" (kapena Regal Queen) anayambitsidwa ndi N. Fulvord ku Hastings (New Zealand). Awa ndi subspecies otchuka kwambiri komanso otchuka kwambiri, okhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Kuwala kofiira kofiira kwa apulo kumatenga pamwamba pa chipatsocho. 
Ndikofunikira! Maapulo amakhala ndi mtundu wawo wokhawokha pamapeto a August.
Zipatso makumi asanu ndi atatu (80%) zimafika ku 170 gm, ndipo m'mimba mwake - 70 mm. Iyi ndiyo mitundu yodalirika kwambiri yogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.
"Mondial Gala" (kapena "Imperial Gala") - yomwe inayamba mu 1978 ndi D. Mitchell. Mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yokhutira, kumapeto kwa August, maapulo amakhala amtengo wapatali kapena ophimbidwa. Chidziwitso cha subspecies ndi zipatso zapadera. 
"Gala Gala" (kapena "Tenra") - yomwe inayamba mu 1973 ndi T. Howe ku Matamata (New Zealand). Subspecies ikufanana ndi "Gala", koma ili ndi mtundu wolimba komanso wowala kwambiri. Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe odulidwa ndi kondomu. Anali maapulo a "Royal Gala" omwe adalima zamasamba ku Ulaya ndi USA. 
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino wa "Gala":
- chisamaliro;
- kukoma koyambirira;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- bwino;
- kukula kwakukulu;
- moyo wamtali wautali;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wa Apple mu Greece wakale unkayesa mtengo wopatulika wa Apollo, ndipo apulo amatchulidwa pambuyo pake - mu English "apulo".
Ngakhale zili zoyenera, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zovuta.
- otsika yozizira hardiness;
- ovary control;
- fruiting yosagwirizana;
- mtundu wofewa wa chipatso;
- kulandira matenda ena ndi tizirombo.
Zosiyanasiyana "Gala" ndizoyenera kukula m'madera ozizira ndi nyengo yotentha. Iye amadzichepetsa mosamalitsa, koma amafunika kumamatira njira zenizeni za sayansi yaulimi. Ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. "Gala" imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, koma imakhala yovuta kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ina ya tizirombo.
