Yalta Institute of Winemaking and Viticulture "Magarach" ndiye gulu lakale kwambiri pankhani zasayansi. Idakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zapitazo - mu 1828. Munthawi yayitaliyi, "Magaraki" sanadziwike kokha chifukwa cha ma vinolo abwino opangidwa kuchokera ku fakitale yodziwika, komanso mitundu yake yabwino ya mphesa. Sisitimu iyi ndi gulu la zophatikiza zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito za asayansi: ampelographic, zowerengetsa mitundu yopitilira 3,000 ndi theka ya zipatso ndi mawonekedwe a mphesa; mitundu yoposa chikwi ya tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito winemaking; Enoteca, kumene mabotolo oposa chikwi ndi chikwi chimodzi wanyamula. Mitundu ina ya mphesa yomwe idapangidwa ndi obereketsa a Sosaite kutengera zinthu zabwinozi idzafotokozedwanso.
Zinthu zambiri za Institute "Magarach"
Zomwe zidachitika zaka zambiri za Crimea osunga vinyo, ogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yosankhidwa ndi ma genetics a mphesa ku Institute "Magarach" ali ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mipesa. Ntchitoyi yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa sayansi. Masiku ano ku Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, mipesa yam'badwo wachitatu wa mphesa ikukula, kukhala ndi gulu lolimbana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi mayina omwe mayina amalo amachokera: Mphatso ya Magarach, Woyamba kubadwa wa Magarach, Centaur wa Magarach, Antey Magarach, Tavkveri wa Magarach, Ruby Magaracha, Bastardo Magarachsky ndi ena. Pazonse, pali mayina awiri ndi theka odziwika pamndandanda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ampelographic kusungirako, pali enanso ambiri mwa mayina ofanana.
Zaka zaka zambiri a Crimean opanga maofesi ku dipatimenti yosankhidwa ndi ma genetics a mphesa ku Institute "Magarach" ali ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mipesa
About mitundu ina ya mphesa "Magaracha" kwambiri
Mitundu yambiri yojambulidwa ku Magarach Institute ndiukadaulo, ndiko kuti, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga winemaking. Ambiri aiwo amabadwa ndi omwe amapanga viniga m'minda yawo ku Crimea, madera akumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine. Amakopeka osati ndi mphesa ndi viniga zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku mphesa, zomwe zili ndi machitidwe abwino ogula, komanso zipatso za mitundu ina payokha, zomwe zimakonda ndi kununkhira kodabwitsa ndipo zimadyedwa mwatsopano.
Citron Magaracha
Nthawi yakucha iyi ya mphesa idapezedwa ndikuwoloka ma hybrids angapo ndi mitundu imodzi nthawi imodzi
Nthawi yakucha iyi ya mphesa idapezedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwakachulukidwe kwa ma hybrids angapo ndi mitundu: chosakanizidwa chomwe chimachokera kwa kholo mafomu Magarach 2-57-72 ndi Rkatsiteli adawoloka ndi Novoukrainsky koyambirira. Momwemo adawonekera Magarach 124-66-26, pomwe idawolokedwa ndi mphesa za Madeleine Anzhevin, ndipo Citron Magaracha watsopano adapangidwa. Dzinali adam'patsa ndi fungo lamalonda amadzimadzi m'malomo mwake, zachilendo kwa mphesa, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri mu vin ndi juices kuchokera ku zipatsozi.
Mitundu ya mphesa iyi inali yotchuka kwambiri pomwe, mu 1998, vinyo wa "Muscatel White" adapangidwa pamaziko ake, omwe adalandira masamu apamwamba pamipikisano yapadziko lonse mu 1999-2001.
Mipesa ya Citron Magarach ndi mphamvu yapakatikati kapena yapamwamba, imaphukira bwino. Maluwa a bisexual ndi chitsimikizo cha kupukutidwa kwabwino, chifukwa chomwe masango amapangidwa samakhala wandiweyani ngati mawonekedwe a silinda, nthawi zina amatembenukira pa chulu, wokhala ndi mapiko. Kwa mphesa zamafakitale, ndizambiri. Zipatso za sing'anga kukula ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kucha, kukhala ndi chikaso cha khungu loonda komanso lolimba kapena kukhalabe kuwala pang'ono. Mphesa 3-4 mbewu zowola. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kukoma kogwirizana komanso fungo loyambirira lokhala ndi zolemba zowala za muscat ndi zipatso. Citron Magaracha amapatsidwa mphamvu zambiri kukaniza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa, amatetezedwa ndi phylloxera.
Masiku 120-130 itayamba nyengo yokolola, zokolola za mphesa izi zimacha.
- Kulemera kwakukulu kwa burashi ndi magalamu 230.
- Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndi magalamu 5-7.
- Zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi 250-270 g / l zamadzimadzi, pomwe asidi wambiri yemweyo ndi magalamu 5-7.
- Malo abwino kudyetsera chitsamba chimodzi ndi 6 m2 (2x3 m).
- Zosiyanasiyana ndizopatsa zipatso, mahekitala 138 a zipatso amatengedwa kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi.
- Citron Magaracha amalola kuchepa kwa kutentha nthawi yozizira mpaka -25 ºº.
Pa magawo asanu ndi atatu oyesedwa kulawa, vinyo wouma kuchokera ku Citron Magarach adalandila ma point 7.8, ndi mchere wotsekemera - 7.9 point.
Mphesa Citron Magaracha ikufunika kusintha katundu pa mpesa, chifukwa kupanikizika kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iziwonongeka komanso kuchedwa pang'ono kucha. M'dzinja yolamulira yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye kupitirira maso makumi atatu pachitsamba, mphukira zimadulidwa kwambiri - kwa masamba a 2-4.
Mipesa ya Citron Magaracha osiyanasiyana imakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati kapena kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, maluwa akutulutsa. Kuchuluka kwa masango omwe atsalira pa mphukira kumatengera zaka komanso mphamvu ya chitsamba.
M'madera omwe nyengo yozizira simafikira mtengo wa -25 ºº wa mtundu wa Citron Magaracha, mphesa zitha kubzalidwa mwamavuto, m'malo ena ndikofunikira kuphimba mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamba wamtunduwu.
Kanema: Kupanga vinyo woyera kuchokera ku Citron Magarach (gawo 1)
Kanema: Kupanga vinyo woyera kuchokera ku Citron Magarach (gawo 2)
Oyambirira Magaracha
Adadulidwa powoloka Kishmish wakuda ndi Madeleine Anzhevin
Zosiyanasiyana zaku Magaracha ndi mphesa zakuda. Idawelenga powoloka Kishmish wakuda ndi Madeleine Anzhevin.
Tchire la mphesa ili ndi mphamvu zokulitsa. Maluwa a Early Manarach amakhala amitundu iwiri, yomwe masango akulu kapena apakati amapangidwa. Mawonekedwe a burashi amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ofanana. Kuchulukana kwa zipatso mu gulu ndi pafupifupi, kumakhala kotayirira.
Mphesa za ku Magarach Oyambirira zimatha kukhala ozungulira kapena mozungulira. Akakhwima, amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wabiliu ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi utoto woonekera bwino wa sera. Pansi pa khungu lamphamvu la zipatsozo, zamkati yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino ndikobisika. Mkati mwa mphesa 2-3 zidutswa za mbewu. Madzi a oyambirira a Magarach pinki.
Mphesa izi zimapeweratu matendawa ndi imvi zowola, chifukwa zimakhwima koyambirira. Zitha kuwonongeka ndi mildew ndi phylloxera. Hardness yozizira ya mphesa ndi yofooka. Zipatso zakupsa nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi mavu ndi nyerere.
Zipatso zoyambirira za Magarach zimacha m'masiku 120, ngati matenthedwe otentheka mu kuchuluka ali osachepera 2300 ºº.
Zizindikiro Zina:
- Mphesa womwe ukukula mwachangu umacha ndi 80% kukula pofika nthawi yophukira.
- Miyezo yamitundumitundu ya mphesa zamtunduwu imachokera: 16-22 cm - kutalika, 14-19 cm - m'lifupi.
- Kulemera kwakukulu kwa burashi kumachokera ku 0,3, nthawi zina mpaka 0,5 kilogalamu.
- Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso kumakhala mpaka magalamu 2.6.
- Bulosi aliyense ali ndi mbewu 3-4.
- Pa mphukira yomwe yatukuka, masango 0,8 amamangidwa pafupifupi, masango 1,3 pafupifupi pa mphukira yobala zipatso.
- Frost kukana kalasi -18 ºº.
Popeza mphamvu yochepa yozizira ya mphesa za Magaracha zoyambirira, imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikule mu njira yophimbira, ndipo kuti iziipangidwe mwanjira ya zimphona zambiri zamiyendo yopanda tsinde. Maso a 5-8 amasiyidwa pamitengo ya zipatso nthawi yamalimwe ikadulira, kutengera zomwe awonongeka nthawi yachisanu. Payenera kukhala ndi maso makumi anayi pach chitsamba chilichonse.
M'madera omwe mphesa zoyambirira za Magaracha siziwopsezedwa ndi kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira, imatha kumera pamtunda wokwera mamita 0.7 ndi mawonekedwe ngati chingwe chokhala ndi zida ziwiri.
Kuteteza Magarach Oyambirira ku matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo, ayenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yayitali ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Panthawi yachilala, Magaracha Oyambirira amafunika kuthirira.
Mukamalumikiza mitundu, ndibwino kuti ibzale pamatangadza omwe amalimbana ndi phylloxera.
Mphatso ya Magarach
Mphatso ya Magarach imakhala ndi kukula msanga
Mphatso Zosiyanasiyana za Magarach zidapezeka ndikuwolotsa mphesa za Rkatsiteli ndi mawonekedwe a haibridi a Magarach 2-57-72, pomwepo adalandila kuchokera kwa a Sochi akuda ndi a Mtsvane Kakheti. Zotsatira zake, mphesa zoyera za kubiriwira kwapakatikati zidawonekera. Uwu ndi kalasi yaukadaulo, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cognacs, mavinyo oyera, timadziti. Tsopano Mphatso ya Magarach wakulira ku Hungary, Moldova, Ukraine, kumwera kwa Russia.
Kuyambira pachiyambire cha kuyamwa kutuluka kwa magulu osachedwa kucha, masiku 135 mpaka 135 akupita. Mipesa yamtunduwu ndi yapakatikati kapena yamphamvu yolimba. Mphukira zimacha bwino. Maluwa pambale za mpesa.
Magulu a kukula kwapakatikati - kulemera kwawo kwakukulu ndi magalamu 150-200. Amapangidwa ngati silinda. Kuchulukana kwawo kuli pafupifupi. Zipatso zokhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 1.8 ndizowumbika. Khungu limakhala loyera; mphesa zikapsa, zimasanduka pinki. Ndizachilengedwe, zowonda. Mnofu wa Berry ndi mucous pang'ono. Kununkhira kwake kosangalatsa kulibe fungo labwino. Mu lita imodzi yamadzi a mphesa amtunduwu muli kuyambira 21% mpaka 25% shuga ndi 8-10 magalamu a asidi.
Kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi yamphesa mutha kupeza ma toni 8.5 a zipatso. Mphatso ya Magarach imapirira kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka -25 ºº.
Pa mapiri a 2,5-3, kukana kwake kufatsa kumayesedwa; mitunduyi imalolera phylloxera. Mu zaka zofalitsa fungal matenda a mphesa, 2-3 zothandizira kupewa za m'munda wamphesa ndi fungicides ndizofunikira.
Amagwiritsa ntchito mphesa kupopera, koma siogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Popanga vinyo kuchokera ku mphesa Mphatso ya Magarach, zowonjezera za sulfite ndi yisiti ya vinyo ndizofunikira.
Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri, Mphatso ya Magarach imamva kumadera akumwera kwa Ukraine ndi Russia, ku Moldova, komwe kumalandira kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira. Itha kumera ngati yopanda matupi kapena ngati doko. Pamene yophukira kudulira pa mpesa sayenera kupitirira 50 maso, akuwombera mpaka masamba atatu. Katundu wa Mpango wa Magarach uyenera kukhala wopanda pake, kusiya magulu awiri pa mphukira.
Ndemanga za opanga vinyo za mitundu yosankhidwa ya Institute "Magarach"
Anabzala mbande zam'madzi mu kasupe (Mphatso ya Magarach). Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zidachitika mochedwa - pakati pa Meyi. Poyamba tidagona, kenako tidadzuka ndikugwira aliyense. M'chaka choyamba: kukula kwamphamvu, ana opeza (omwe poyamba ndimawopa kuti athetse) nawonso anakula bwino. Ali ndi mthunzi wachilendo, chitsamba ndichosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ena. Mildew adakhala bwino, ngakhale ndinali wosazindikira ndipo ndidalola kufalikira. Zotayika zotayika zosaposa 4-5 masamba otsika. Zinkawoneka zatsopano ngakhale zilibe kanthu, zomwe zinkandisangalatsa kwambiri pomwe vene wanga anali pachiwopsezo. Pofika Okutobala, 80% inali itakhwima. Ndikanakonda kusiya gulu loyeserera ngati lingakhale bwino nyengo yomera ndikukula.
Dmitry 87//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9290
M'munda wamphesa mwanga muli mitundu iyi (Citron Magaracha). Tchire ndi laling'ono, kotero ndimatha kuyankha molimba funso limodzi lokha: Sindinawone zipatso zosokonekera, ngakhale kutentha kwachaka chatha kudasefukira kambiri kangapo. M'mbuyomu, kunalibe zilonda zam'mimba, tsopano ndidagwira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma ndimatha kusiya. Sindikudziwa za kukana chisanu, ndili ndi chophimba. Vinyo ndi timadziti sitinakonzekere: timadya zipatso zotsekemera komanso zonunkhira mwachindunji kuthengo. Amakula bwino, palibe vuto. Ndimakonda mitundu iyi. Chaka chino, pafupifupi mphukira zonse zidapereka masango atatu. Sanandiyendetse mpaka katundu atakoka bwino, nduwira ndima.
Nadezhda Nikolaevna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=556
Adalekerera (Poyamba Magaracha) kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri chifukwa cha kucha koyambirira komanso kosangalatsa ndi mtundu wa marigold. Zoonadi, panali nthawi yomwe ndimaganiza zougwiritsa ntchito ngati mkala wavinyo. Komabe, patapita nthawi yayitali ndidaganiza zouchotsa. Sindili wokondwa konse kuti zosaposa 5-7 makilogalamu zimapachikidwa pachitsamba champhamvu wazaka 10. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha khansa, pambuyo pake pakadali masiku angapo olemala pazithandizo zamankhwala. Ndipo komabe, ndinapempha mnzanga chapakati pa Ogasiti kuti ayese (nthawi zambiri ana amadya theka-kucha) - kukoma sikukuwonongeka, sikuyenda bwino. Mwambiri, ngati mulibe malingaliro pamsika, koma nokha - ndizabwinobwino. Pa tchire la Early Magarach adalumikiza Flora, Malawi Oyaka, Moto, Harold. Kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa scion. Katemera wa chaka chatha, ma grura a Laura 4 (osakhala akulu kwambiri). Chaka chamawa ndikuyembekeza kupeza mbewu yonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Kryn//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8376
Liwu loti "maharach" lokha, monga amanenedwa mu dikishonare "Chilankhulo cha Odessa. Mawu ndi mawu", amatanthauza "vinyo". Sizodabwitsa kuti dzinali linaperekedwa ku Institute of Winemaking and Viticulture, komwe mitundu yambiri yokongola ya mipesa yamatsenga iyi idapangidwa, zipatso zake zonsezo zidzamwa, kudyetsa, ndikusangalala. Inde, ndizosavuta kwa anthu akumwera kuti alime mitundu ya Magarach, koma ngakhale m'malo otentha kwambiri, okonda viticulture amayesa kuwakulitsa koma osachita bwino.
