Mwala wachilengedwe nthawi zonse umayesedwa moyenerera kuti ndiwowomangamanga. Granite, marble, sandstone, dolomite, miyala yamtengo wapatali imakhala maziko odalirika komanso osadziwika bwino pomanga maziko ndi nyumba, makonzedwe amadzi ndi njira zopondaponda, kupanga zinthu zomanga ndi kukonza nyumba. Zaka zaposachedwa, mafanizo amiyala yachilengedwe ali ndi kutchuka komweko, komwe kumawoneka kokongola, koma kosiyana pamakhalidwe apamwamba. Kuyika mwala wokongoletsa ndi njira yosavuta, yomwe munthu aliyense amene alibe lingaliro lokwanira kumaliza ntchito amatha.
Mawonekedwe a "kunyowa" ndi "youma" njira zakuyika
Ukadaulo wa kuyika miyala yokumbira komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola a geometric zimakhazikitsidwa pamakhalidwe odziwika kale omanga njerwa. Koma kugwira ntchito ndi miyala "yakuthengo", yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo opanda ungwiro, mukufunikirabe kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi maluso.
Kuyika miyala kumatha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono pamiyala yodulira ndi simenti, osagwiritsa ntchito. Kutengera izi, pomanga, pali njira zosiyanirana ndi "chonyowa" ndi "zowuma".
Chizindikiro cha zomanga "zowuma" ndikusankha bwino miyala yomwe ikufanana kwambiri ndikuyiyika bwino
Tekinolo "Zouma" ndizovuta kwambiri pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi miyala yachilengedwe "yokhadzulidwa", iliyonse yomwe ili ndi makulidwe ake, kutalika kwake ndi m'lifupi. Kuti achulukitse kulimba ndi kudalirika kwa zomangamanga, ming'alu yonse pakati pa miyala imadzazidwa ndi dothi kapena simenti. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipanda yotsika komanso mipanda, komanso poyikapo ma curbs. Nachi chitsanzo cha zomanga zowuma:
Masamba a "Wet" amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zazitali, zomwe ndi nyumba zolimba za monolithic. Njira iyi yopangira maselry ndi yosavuta kuphedwa, chifukwa sizipereka kusinthidwa mosamala kwa zinthu zoyandikana.
Matope akudzaza mipata ndi zolowa pakati pa miyala zimatsimikizira kuuma ndi kukhazikika kwa nyumba iliyonse
Miyala yachilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali imakhala ndi "chosasinthika" mawonekedwe. Mukamasankha miyala, ndikofunikira kuganizira za katunduyo. Ma tayala amiyala, omwe makulidwe ake samaposa 1-2 cm, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ndege ndi mawonekedwe. Mukakonza mawebusayiti omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yokhala ngati makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Ndipo pazigawo zomwe zida ndi zida zazikulu zikuyenera kuyikidwapo, muyenera kutenga miyala yopitilira 4 cm.
Kupanga mwala mwachilengedwe
Kutalika kwa miyala ya zinyalala kumakhala kosiyanasiyana, monga lamulo, pamlingo wa 150-500 mm. Miyala yosasunthika komanso yolimba imakhala yabwino pokonzekera maziko, kusunga makhoma, nyumba zamagetsi ndi nyumba zina. Mwalawo umayeretsedwa bwino usanayikidwe. Miyala ikuluikulu ya miyala ikuluikulu imagawika ndikuphwanya tating'onoting'ono.
Miyala ikuluikulu yosasanjika ndioyenera kuyala mwala wamiyala ndi manja awo: miyala, chipolopolo, dolomite, tuff, sandstone, miyala yamiyala
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi mwala wachilengedwe muyenera: a - sledgehammer, b - nyundo yaying'ono, c - wokongoletsa chitsulo, d - woyendetsa matabwa
Pokonzekera kudumphadumpha, miyala yake imaphwanyidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 5 a sidinghammer ndikudula ngodya za miyala yaying'ono ndi nyundo yolemera 2.3 kg. China chake chachitika.
Pomanga nyumba zopindika, miyala ikuluikulu komanso yokhazikika imayikidwa ngati maziko pamzere wapansi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza makona ndi kuwoloka makoma. Kuyika mizera yotsatira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti seams atsekeredwa pang'ono. Izi ziwonjezera mphamvu komanso kudalirika kwa ntchitoyi.
Njira yothetsera vutoli imayikidwa pamiyala ndikuwonjezera pang'ono. Mukamayala, miyala imayambiridwanso mumatope a simenti ndi nyundo-cam. Pambuyo pokoka, zochulukazo zimayenda m'mphepete mwamiyala pakati pa miyala. Zotchinga pakati pa miyala ndiyodzala ndi miyala ndi miyala yabwino. Ma sefu amayang'aniridwa moyenera kwambiri, m'lifupi mwake motsatira mzere wawo sioposa 10-15 mm.
Malangizo. Ngati vutoli likhala patsogolo pa mwalawo, musafafanizire ndi chinsalu chonyowa - izi zimangoyambitsa pang'onopang'ono pamiyala. Ndikwabwino kusiya vutoli kwakanthawi, kuti lisanduke, kenako ndikuchotsa ndi spatula ndikupukuta pansi mwala ndi nsanza yowuma.
Popeza kuvala kophimba kwa ma buta ndi mabwalidwe osazungulira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchita, pakuyika mwala wachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuyika mizere yamiyala yolumikizidwa ndi supuni.
Kavalidwe kameneka ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo yovalira unyolo, womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njerwa. Chifukwa cha tekinolojiyi, mapangizowo ndi olimba komanso okhazikika.
Pamapeto omaliza, ndikofunikira kupukusira msoko ndi spatula ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, muzitsuka ndikutchinga ndi madzi.
Chitsanzo cha ukadaulo "wonyowa" uwu ndi gawo lotsatira la ntchito:
Kupanga ndi malamulo oika mwala wosapanga
Monga mwachitsanzo popanga mwala wochita kupanga ndi manja athu, tikufuna kukupatsirani kanemayo pazakanema ziwiri:
Tsopano mutha kulankhula za malamulo a kukhazikitsa. Mukamaika mwala wochita kupanga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo "polumikizana" kapena popanda iwo.
Mu mawonekedwe oyamba, pamene akuyika miyala, mtunda pakati pawo wa masentimita 1-2 umasungidwa, wachiwiri - miyala imayendetsedwa moyandikana
Miyala yochita kupanga nthawi zambiri amakhala amangoona mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, kuti mugwire nawo ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa kuyala njerwa. Kuyika "zofuni" ndi njira yokhoma njerwa, momwe imayikidwira ndi mtunda wautali kunja kwa nyumbayo, ndikuyika "poke" - pomwe mwalawo umakhala m'mphepete.
Pazopanga zomangidwa zopangidwa ndi mwala wopanga, njira yakaleyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, pomwe "supuni" ikaikidwa, mzere uliwonse wotsatira umayikidwa ndi zolakwika zina njerwa ndi zomwe zidapangidwa kale.
Ndi njira iyi yovalira, mawonekedwe ofukula a mizere yoyandikana salingana, potero amalimbitsa mphamvu nyumbayo
Mwa njira zotchuka zokongoletsera mwala zingathenso kusiyanitsidwa: Flemish, English ndi American.
Miyala chokongoletsera sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba ndikupanga zinthu zapangidwe, koma m'malo mwake. Maziko omwe amapanga ndi: dongo, phula kapena simenti.
Malo akunja amiyala oyang'aniridwa amatha kubwereza zolemba za mwala uliwonse wachilengedwe: miyala ya miyala, miyala ya miyala, miyala ...
Kuti malo opingidwa azikhala okongola kwa nthawi yayitali, mukayika mwala wokongoletsa, ndikofunikira kuwongoleredwa ndi malingaliro angapo:
- Ganizirani pasadakhale "chojambula" cha zomanga. Kusinthana kwa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa miyala, komwe kumapangidwa mopepuka komanso kwamdima, kudzapatsa mawonekedwe mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe okongola.
- Tsatirani mwamphamvu ukadaulo womangirira. Mosiyana ndi miyala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, miyala yokongoletsera iyenera kuyikidwa m'mizere, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Izi zimalepheretsa guluu kulowa mkati mwala, zomwe ndizovuta kuyeretsa.
- Ikani zomatira zomwe zanenedwa ndi wopanga mwalawo. Njira yotsatirapo imayikidwa ndi spatula onse pansi komanso kumbuyo kwa mwala.
Kuchenjera kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Kuti ndigwire bwino, maziko amayenera kukhala osungunuka ndi madzi. Ma waya omata omata amayenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi malo oyambira ndi maziko osunthika ndikukonzedwa kwa masekondi angapo. Pakukhazikitsa, seams wautali wokhazikika uyenera kupewedwa.
Mukamaliza kuyala, kuti mwala wokongoletsa ukhale motalika momwe mungathere, ndikofunika kuti uuphimbe ndi dothi loteteza kapena lotchingira madzi.
