Currant ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lamtundu wa mbewu zomwe zili m'gulu la dicotyledons ndi banja la jamu. Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya mitundu yake. Kufalikira ku Europe ndi ku North America. Amakonda chinyezi, motero, amakonda vivo kukula m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi.
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zakula m'mitunda yathu ndizosazindikira komanso zolimba, koma zimafunikanso chisamaliro kuti mbewuyo ibweretse chisangalalo. Garden currant, yomwe imalimidwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ndi chokoma kwambiri komanso wathanzi.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Currant ndi shrub yemwe kutalika kwake kumachokera mita imodzi mpaka isanu. Mitundu yaminda, monga lamulo, musapitirire 1.5-2. Chomera chimakhala ndi mphukira zazitali zowongoka, zofiirira, zofiirira kapena imvi. Mizu yake imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, ndikuzama kulowa pansi pafupifupi mita 1.5.
Masamba a currant ali ndi loboti itatu kapena isanu, yokhazikika, yozungulira kapena yotalikirana. Utoto wa masamba ake umatengera mtundu, nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira, mthunzi wake kumtunda umawala kwambiri kuposa pamunsi.
Masamba okongoletsera a curants amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mithunzi: ofiira, bulauni, kapezi.
Maluwa ndi osiyana: kuyambira oyera mpaka ofiira amdima. Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a maburashi, mumtundu uliwonse womwe maluwa asanu mpaka angapo amatengedwa. Zipatso zamaluwa zimaphukira mu Epulo kapena Meyi; mitundu ina imatha kutulutsa mpaka June.
Currant zipatso - zipatso, kuzungulira kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Mitundu imasiyana malinga ndi mitundu, imatha kukhala yofiira, yakuda, yoyera, yobiriwira, yachikasu. Amasiyananso kukoma.
Mitundu ina imakhala ndi kukoma kooneka wowawasa, ina imakhala ndi kukoma komanso wowawasa, ndipo palinso mitundu yokoma.
Mitundu
M'dziko lathu, currants adakulidwa modzifunira, kulima, kuswana, kuswana mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids.
Zodziwika kwambiri ku Russia ndi awa:
- zakuda
- chofiira (dimba wamba);
- zoyera
- golide;
- achisanu;
- magazi ofiira.
Kutambalala: kusankha malo ndi nthawi
Kubzala currants ndibwino kuchitira koyambilira. Mpaka masika, chitsamba chikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu. Ngati nthawi iyi yazaka ikakhala yotentha, mutha kubzala baka mu September komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Ndi chisanu choyambirira, ndibwino kudikirira kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Malo obzala ayenera kusankhidwa pomwe mbewuyo imalandira kuwala kambiri ndi chinyezi. Ngati izi zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti mosamala mbewuyo imabweretsa zokolola zochuluka kwazaka 15.
Currant sakonda mthunzi ndipo amakonda malo omwe pali chinyezi chokwanira. Chakuda makamaka sichilekerera chilala, mitundu ina imatha kukhalabe ndi chinyezi kwakanthawi.
Ngati tchire liri ndi korona yaying'ono, ndiye mutha kuwabzala pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Pakati pofalikira mbande ndibwino kuti mupange mtunda wawukulu. Pafupifupi, 1.5-2 mita ayenera kusiyidwa.
Malangizo a panjira
- konzani maenje ang'onoang'ono, akuya pafupifupi 40 cm;
- ngati nthawi ilola, asiyeni kwakanthawi (sabata kapena awiri) kuti dothi lisunthe;
- feteleza, manyowa kapena kompositi amaikidwa pansi;
- dzenje limathiriridwa ndi madzi;
- mmera umayikidwa dzenje, wopendekera madigiri 45, kuwongola mizu, kenako kuyika maliro;
- pindani nthaka, pang'onopang'ono mudzaze dziko lapansi;
- kuphimba panthaka ndi mulch.
Kufika kwa Oblique kumathandizira kukulitsa bwino kwa mizu ndi mphukira zowonjezereka. Chitsamba chidzakhala champhamvu komanso chophukira.
Mukabzala mmera mwachindunji, ndiye kuti chitsamba chizikula limodzi.
Chisamaliro cha Currant
Omwe ali ndi tchire lopindika kumtunda aziganizira kuti mbewu izi zimakonda chinyezi. Ngati kulibe mvula kwanthawi yayitali, muyenera kupatsa chitsamba madziwo nthawi zonse.
Kupanda chinyezi kumapangitsa zipatso kugwa, ndipo zina zimakhala zochepa komanso zopanda pake.
Muyeneranso kumasula dziko lapansi, kamodzi kamodzi pakadutsa milungu itatu iliyonse. Zosafunika kwenikweni, masentimita 5-8 ndi okwanira.Kufungika, chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa kuti tisawononge mizu ya mbewu.
Kusamalira zitsamba za currant kumaphatikizapo:
- dothi lozungulira chomera liyenera kumera udzu nthawi zonse, limamasulidwa ndi udzu;
- Onetsetsani kuti mukuyika mulch pa dothi lozungulira chitsamba - wosanjikiza womwe umasunga chinyontho, umalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole, umateteza pakusintha kwa kutentha;
- Chisanu chisanachitike, chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi nsalu kapena pepala, pansi pa chomeracho, ikani zotengera ndi madzi.
Nthambi zam'munsi za chitsamba cha currant zimatha kufalikira pansi. Popewa izi, chithandizo chikuyenera kumangidwa mozungulira.
Kuti chomera chikule bwino ndi kubereka zipatso, chimayenera kupereka chovala pamwamba. Feteleza opangidwa pakubzala komaliza pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Zitatha izi, feteleza wokhazikika amayenera kuperekedwa. Izi ndi kompositi pafupifupi 5 kg ndi 20 g iliyonse ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate.
M'miyezi yophukira, pomwe mbewuyo imadzuka ku hibernation ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu, muyenera kuipatsa ndi kuphatikiza mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, manyowa kapena ndowe zowondera madzi, komanso zinthu zam'masitolo, ndizoyenera.
Kuti chitsamba chizikula bwino, ndikofunikira kudulira nthambi zake nthawi zonse. Kudulira kofunikira kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika. Izi zimachotsa nthambi:
- amakhudzidwa ndi matenda;
- zowonongeka ndi tizirombo;
- lopindika;
- wosweka
- okalamba.
Kudulidwa kwa nthambi zakale zosalimba zithandizanso kuti mbewuyo izitulutsa mphukira zatsopano zolimba.
M'chilimwe, currants amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka, ndikuthira mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi fungicides. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira mbewuyo bwino nthawi ya maluwa ndi maluwa.
Komanso, currants amafunika kuti azidulira mu August, mukakolola. Potere, nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zazikulu zimadulidwa pansi pa muzu womwewo, osasiya ngakhale hemp. Pochita izi m'chilimwe, mutasankha zipatso, mutha kupeza malo oti mphukira zazichepere.
Kuswana
Kubwezeretsanso kwa currants kuchitika m'njira zitatu:
- kudula;
- kugawa chitsamba;
- masanjidwe.
Njira yoyamba imawerengedwa kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri, makamaka ngati kulibe zinthu zambiri, koma mukufuna kusunga mitunduyo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma currants amatha kufalitsika onse m'chilimwe, ndi masika, komanso nthawi yophukira.
Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mu gawo lokonzekera kale, lopangidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuwonjezera kompositi ndi manyowa. Monga odulidwa mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika, mphukira zapachaka zimatengedwa, zomwe zimasungidwa mosavuta pakadulira pachaka.
Ndikofunikira kusankha nthambi zomwe mainchesi ake ndi osachepera 6 mm. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kuli pafupifupi 20 cm, kuyenera kukhala ndi impso (zidutswa 3-4).
Pansi, phesi imadulidwa mwachindunji pansi pa impso, kumtunda kumapangika pamwamba pake. Amakhala mosasunthika m'nthaka yokonzedwa, madzi, mulch amaikidwa pamwamba.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba si njira yofala kwambiri. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chikufunika kupita nacho kumalo atsopano, komanso ngati palibe chodzala chokwanira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, tchire limazika mizu mwachangu popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Ayenera kugawidwa mu kugwa kapena masika. Ndiosavuta kuchita izi: chomeracho chimachotsedwa pansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pamene kukumba mizu sikawonongeka, ndiye kuti nthambi zonse zakale komanso zodwala zimadulidwa, ndipo zimagawika m'magawo angapo ndi nkhwangwa lakuthwa (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitatu kapena zinayi). Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kuti gawo lililonse lili ndi mizu yophukira bwino, ndipo pamakhala masamba.
Njira imodzi yosavuta yofalitsira ma curants ndi njira yokhazikitsira. Ndikofunikira kuchita njirayi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mpaka mbewuyo itaphuka. Kuzungulira chitsamba, chomwe chimasankhidwa ngati mayi, kukumba miyala yosazama (6-7 cm). Kenako, nthambi zam'munsi (mphukira zolimba ndi zazing'ono ziyenera kusankhidwa) zimadulidwa (pafupifupi gawo lachitatu) ndikugwada pansi, ndikuyika poyikamo ndowe ndikuzikika (nthawi zambiri waya amazigwiritsa ntchito pazolinga izi).
Mphukira 5-7 zitha kutengedwa pachitsamba cha mayi.
Simuyenera kuwaza nthambi, zimachita izi pokhapokha ngati masamba obiriwira atawonekera ndikufika masentimita 10-15. Kenako malo omwe mabowo amapezeka amawaza ndi dothi. Ayenera kukhala owerengeka kawiri kapena katatu pachilimwe. Pakugwa, ali ndi mizu yolukidwa bwino, ndipo amatha kupitilizidwa ku malo osankhidwa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Monga mbewu zina zamtunda wathu, ma curral amatenga matenda ndipo amatha kudwala tizirombo. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi awa:
- Anthracnose ndi matenda oyamba ndi masamba omwe masamba ake amayamba kuuma ndikupindika. Odwala ayenera kudulidwa kuchitsamba ndikuyitaya pamtengo, ndipo chomera chomwecho chimayenera kuthiridwa ndi fungicide.
- Powdery mildew (ashtray) - matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wam microscopic parasitic, chomeracho chimakonkha zolembera zoyera. M'pofunika kuthana ndi mliriwu mothandizidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulfate (kuchepetsa 30 g mu 10 malita a madzi ndikuwaza chitsamba).
- Mitambo yopukutidwa - kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, komwe kamadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a masamba owoneka bwino opangidwa ndi mitsempha yachikasu. Chitsamba choyambukiridwapo chikuyenera kuwonongeka, sichingathandize kuchiritsa, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muteteze mbewuyi ku matenda oyambitsa matenda - ma aphid ndi nkhupakupa.
- Terry (kusinthika) - matenda oopsa a ma virus, omwe amatha kugwidwa mosavuta, amasokoneza chomera ndi nsabwe, umasiya kubala zipatso. Chithandizo cha tizilombo chikuyenera kuteteza motsutsana, ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi a Bordeaux ndikofunikira kuti muthetse kusinthanso.
- Septoria ndimatenda oyamba pomwe masamba amayambitsidwa ndi mabanga a bulauni, kenako amakhala oyera. Kuti muchepetse mawanga oyera, muyenera kuchitira chitsamba ndi fungicides.
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ta currants timaphatikizapo nsabwe za m'masamba, galasi la mbozi, midges ya masamba. Kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma ndulu ndulu, njira ya kalbofos imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza kwa phulusa, mpiru wouma ndi tsabola, fodya amathandizira kuchotsa galasi. Zosakaniza zimaphatikizidwa zofanana ndipo zimayikidwa pansi pa chomeracho.
Zothandiza zimatha currants
Currant ili ndi mawonekedwe olemera kwambiri: imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, makamaka vitamini C, komanso magulu B, E, K, F, chakudya chamagulu (fiber), ndi ma asidi achilengedwe ambiri ofunika.
Pali mavitamini C ochulukirapo kwambiri mwakuti ma gramu 50 a zipatso amapereka zofunika kwa munthu wamkulu tsiku lililonse.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito currants kuti mulimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira, kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana. Kuphatikizika kwamankhwala kumathandizira kupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, motero kumwa zakumwa za currant ndi kudya zipatso zatsopano kumasonyezedwa pa nthawi ya mankhwala othandizira. Zodzikongoletsera zimathandiza kuchotsa poizoni ndi zitsulo zolemera m'thupi.
Zipatso zamtengo wapatali zitha kupukutidwa, kuzizira, kupangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zosafunikira, kuteteza, kupanikizana. Kusunga mavitamini, amayi ambiri kunyumba amapera kupera zipatso ndi shuga, mwanjira imeneyi amasungidwa bwino ndikuthandizira pothandizira kuteteza thupi nthawi yozizira. Amathandizanso kukonzanso khungu, komanso thupi lonse. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito mkati, koma mutha kupanga masks. Chifukwa cha zipatso zidulo, njira zoterezi zimatha kuwala.
Zothandiza osati zipatso za chitsamba, komanso masamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukoma ndi kununkhira kuzosungidwa zopangidwa tokha, ndipo decoction kapena tiyi wa iwo amakhala ngati okodzetsa kwambiri. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito matenda a impso, chikhodzodzo.
Contraindication pakugwiritsa ntchito curators
Kudya ma curants akuda, oyera kapena ofiira kumatha kubweretsa zabwino zonse komanso kuvulaza. Simungadye zipatso zamtundu uliwonse pamaso pa ziwengo. Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, komabe, wopatsa kwa ana ochepa, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe thupi lake limachitikira. Ngati patapita kanthawi kapenanso kuti mwana wakhanda wokutidwa ndi chotupa, ayamba kutulutsa mphuno, choncho muyenera kusiya kumudyetsa zipatsozi, kumuwonetsa osapatsidwa chithandizo, ndikumayesedwa.
Contraindication pakugwiritsa ntchito currants ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi. Madzi a Berry ali osavomerezeka chifukwa cha thrombophlebitis.
Musagwiritse ntchito ma currants anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, amakonda kudzimbidwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi.
Red currant imakhala ndi asidi wambiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa m'mimba.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa kumatha kupangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a gastritis kapena zilonda zam'mimbazi.
Komabe, ndikusowa kwa ma enzyme, mavuto am'mimba, othandizira ofiira amatha kukhala opindulitsa. Ndi nkhanza, mutha kupweteketsa m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba.
