Pafupifupi zonsezi zimakhala zobiriwira, ndichifukwa chake amawakonda kwambiri ndi otchuka pakati pa okonza mapulani. Mwamba ndi amamera, pyramidal ndi minofu, okhala ndi singano ndi zowonongeka - zomera izi zidzakongoletsa malo onse okonzera paki, munda kapena kumatawuni. M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira zomwe conifers ndi mitundu yawo ili.
Araucaria
Araucaria mtengo - mmodzi wa conifers wamkulu m'nyumba m'nyumba. Chomeracho chikuphatikiza mitundu 19, imakula ku Australia, New Zealand, South America. Mitengo ya Araucaria imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, ndipo mbewu zimadyedwa.
Araucaria ikhoza kukhala ngati singano ndipo imakhala ndi masamba owongoka. Chomeracho chimakula makamaka ngati zokongoletsa miphika m'minda ya greenhouses kapena minda yozizira, mu malo am'maluwa maluwawo ndi ovuta, koma Araucaria ndi wokongola popanda maluwa. Araucaria amakhulupirira kuti amayeretsa mpweya. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya conifers imeneyi ndi spruce, Araucaria wa Brazil, Cook araucaria, ndi Araucaria wa Chile.
Araucaria variegated kapena chipinda chipinda - izi ndi mitengo yokhala ndi korona mu mawonekedwe a piramidi, kukula kwa mamita 60 mu msinkhu. Makungwa a mitengo ndi ofiira, owopsa. Nthambi zowonjezereka zimachoka ku thunthu pamtunda wa 90˚. Masamba odzola mwa mawonekedwe a mabala amawoneka ngati singano za tetragonal 2 cm kutalika, mtundu wa singano ndi wobiriwira. Dziko lakwawo ndilo chilumba cha Norfolk, muzikhalidwe za chipinda zomera zimakula pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ngati zatsimikiziridwa mwamphamvu. 
Araucaria yophweka pang'ono, kapena Araucaria wa ku Brazil, amapezeka m'tchire kumapiri a ku Brazil, kumene amakula kufika mamita 50 m'litali. Ali ndi mtundu wotsalira wa mphukira yochepa, ndi yaitali, mpaka masentimita 5 masentimita a lanceolate olemerera, mawonekedwe obiriwira. M'zinthu za chipinda zimakula kufika mamita atatu.
Araucaria, Column Araucaria, imakula m'chilengedwe pazilumba za New Caledonia. Mbali yapadera ya mtengo: Korona imayamba padziko lapansi, ngati mitengo ya cypress.
Araucaria wa Chile ndi wamba ku Chile ndi Argentina. Mu chilengedwe, imakula mpaka mamita 60, kukula kwake kwa thunthu ndi mamita limodzi ndi theka. Korona ndi yayikulu, pyramidal, nthambi za m'munsi zimakhala pansi. 
Ndikofunikira! Araucaria atakula pakhomo nthawi zonse amafunika chinyezi. Musalole nthaka kuti iume ndi kuthirira mbewuyo ndi mvula kapena madzi otentha otentha.
Sungani
Mphepete mwa banja la Golovchatotisovye linaimira mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha. Mitengo imeneyi imakula ku China, Korea, Japan, pachilumba cha Taiwan, ku East India. Izi ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba zomwe zikukula kapena ziŵiri ziwiri zosiyana, kapena kupanga magulu a nthambi. Masamba a capitolinae amasankhidwa motsatira mizere iwiri, yopapatiza, wandiweyani. 
Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi monoecious, ndiko kuti, akhoza kudzipangira mungu, kukhala ndi maluwa ndi abambo, komanso maluwa omwe amapezeka pamitundu yosiyana siyana. Maselo amphongo amtunduwu amatsuka m'masiku oyambirira a kasupe, kutalika kwake kumakhala kuyambira 4 mpaka 25 mm, makamaka omwe amaimira mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha dzina la mitunduyo. Madzi aamuna amafanana ndi mabulosi ambiri, omwe amakhala ndi mbewu imodzi kapena imodzi yomwe imatetezedwa ndi minofu - aryllus, mapangidwe a zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira ndi ofewa, zomwe mbalame zimazikonda. Mwachiwonekere, mbalame ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono amafesa mbewu, moteronso zimathandizira kuberekana kwa mitunduyo. Makapisozi samamveka bwino. Mitundu yowonjezereka ya izi ndi:
- Golchatchatot Harrington. Mitundu iyi ya botani yoyamba kuphunzirira, imakhala yowonjezeka mu chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Pansi pa chilengedwe, imakula m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi m'mapiri a ku Japan. Chomeracho chimakonda chinyezi, chimalola mthunzi. Mu chilengedwe chimakula kufika mamita 10, mu chikhalidwe ndi mtengo wawung'ono kapena chitsamba.
Golovchatotis Forchuna. Ngati imakula ndi mtengo, imatalika kufika mamita 12 m'litali, nthawi zina imakula ndi chitsamba. Dziko lakwawo ndi China, kulibe kwina kulikonse. Mtengowu uli ndi makungwa ofiira ofiira, amafika masentimita 8 m'litali ndi masentimita asanu m'lifupi. Pa kulima mu chikhalidwe, pang'ono amadziwika.
Golovchatotis Forchuna. Ngati imakula ndi mtengo, imatalika kufika mamita 12 m'litali, nthawi zina imakula ndi chitsamba. Dziko lakwawo ndi China, kulibe kwina kulikonse. Mtengowu uli ndi makungwa ofiira ofiira, amafika masentimita 8 m'litali ndi masentimita asanu m'lifupi. Pa kulima mu chikhalidwe, pang'ono amadziwika.Cypress
Mitengo ya Coniferous ya Cypress imayimilidwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Zomera zimapezeka m'madera ambiri ndi madera a nyengo: ku Sahara, China, North America, Himalaya, Mediterranean, Caucasus, ndi Crimea. Cypress ili ndi thunthu laling'ono kapena lopindika pang'ono, korona wa pyramidal kapena mawonekedwe a cone, khungu lofiira, lofiirira pamene limakula ndi mizere yaying'ono. Nthambizi zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi thunthu, zimakhala zozama, mwachitsanzo, kulira Cypress.
Amasiya mitundu yonse yamtunduwu, yomwe imapitidwa ku nthambi. Cypress imodzi-nyumba, ndiko kuti, yokhoza kudziyesa pollination. Manyowa a amuna pa petiole wamfupi, ozungulira kapena ovundala, owala, ofiira kapena oundana, kutalika kwa ma cones ndi masentimita atatu.Magulu aakazi ndi ndodo yokhala ndi mamba omwe, akakula, amawoneka ngati osowa. Chishango chilichonse chimakhala ndi mbeu 8 mpaka 20.
Cypress yobiriwira kapena wamba. Mtengo wafala kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia. Pansi pa chilengedwe zimakula mpaka mamita 30, imakula mofulumira. Crohn kawirikawiri imathamanga, koma nthawi zina pyramidal. Zisoti zimakhala zofiira, zolimba kwambiri ku nthambi. Mbalama-bulauni imapweteka mpaka mamita atatu masentimita. 
Cypress ndi Mexico kapena Louisiana. Mitengo ya mitengoyi imakhala yamtengo wapatali ku Mexico monga chinyumba. Mitunduyi imakonda nkhalango zamapiri komanso mapiri. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, oyambirira okoloni omwe ankalongosola cypress ya ku Mexican, anaitenga kuti ikhale yamkungudza. 
Cypress McNaba. Mitundu imeneyi siidziwika bwino, mwatsoka, chifukwa imakhala yosasinthasintha komanso imalonjeza kuti izi zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Mitengoyi ndi mitengo yokongola yokhala ndi korona yobiriwira, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 5 mpaka 15. Ndi kukula kwake thunthu silinabereke, pamene nthambi zimagwa pansi. 
Pine
Mtengo wa pine ndi monga: pine, spruce, mkungudza, fir, larch, hemlock. Ambiri a iwo, kupatulapo larch, ali ndi masamba obiriwira. Makungwawo akhoza kukhala ndi mamba kapena grooves yaing'ono yaitali. Pine monoecious zomera zatchulidwa kununkhira, phula. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zamoyo ili ndi nthambi zowonongeka bwino, zodzaza ndi singano. Nkhumba zimatha kukula mumagulu ndi mizere. Mphukira yomwe imakula bwino imapanga ma cones abambo ndi akazi. Amuna achikasu kapena ofiira, omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa nthambi, sadziwika bwino. Nkhumba zazimuna zimasonkhanitsidwa mumtolo ndipo zimanyamula mbewu zamapiko popanda chipolopolo chofewa.
Pine ndi wamba ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Kutalika kwa mapiritsi kumachokera pa mamita 25 mpaka 40, zina zitsanzo zimakula kufika mamita 50. Pine amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa, rosin ndi mafuta ofunikira. Mitundu yotchuka: Glauca, Globosa Viridis, Aurea, Beuvronensis, Bonna, Candlelight, Viridid Compacta, Alba Picta, Albyns, Chantry Blue.
Mkungudza wa Siberia ndi mtengo wokwera mamita 40 ndi korona wandiweyani ndi mphamvu yakuda zimayambira. Thunthuli ndi lolunjika, ngakhale popanda mizere ya mtundu wa imvi. Zisoti zimakhala zobiriwira, zakuya masentimita 14. Mkungudza imayamba kubala chipatso m'chaka cha 60 cha moyo. Kutalika masentimita 13 ndi 8 masentimita mu circumference, michere yofiira imakhala bulauni pamene akukula. Ngakhale mochedwa fruiting, zokolola zimakhala zochititsa chidwi - mpaka 12 makilogalamu a mtedza kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi. Mkungudza wa Siberia umakhala mumzinda wa Siberia. 
Mukudziwa? Ku North America, kukula kwa pine, yomwe imatchedwa dzina la mtsogoleri wotsiriza wa mtundu wa Indian Aztec wa Montezuma. Mtsogoleriyo ankakonda kukongoletsa mutu wake ndi singano za chomera ichi. Kutalika kwa singano za Pines of Montezuma, kapena White Pine, ndi masentimita 30.Munthu wotchuka kwambiri wa mitengo ya pine ndi mitengo yafiritsi. Awa ndi amphamvu kwambiri a liver, ndi korona yochepa ya pyramidal, makungwa amtengo wapatali ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono omwe amasungiramo utomoni. Bambo wolemekezeka ndi wotchuka kwambiri pamapangidwe okongola. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta a basamu amadziwika bwino kuyambira mu 1697. Mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya mitengo yamtengo wapatali imakhala yopanda chisanu, kupatulapo oimira ku taiga m'madera. Mitundu yotchuka ndi:
- Nana ndi wosiyana kwambiri, wokhala ndi korona wooneka ngati mpira wonyezimira. Ali ndi zaka 10, kukula kwa mtengo ndi theka la mita;
- Piccolo - zosiyana ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa Nana, mawonekedwe a korona ndi ovunduka molakwika, zikufanana ndi zosiyana siyana. Nkhumba zikukula poyera, zojambula-zobiriwira.
Podokarpovye
Zina mwa mitundu ya conifers pali banja lokhala ndi dzina lachilendo Podokarpovye. Zomera za mitundu iyi zimakonda kukula mu nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, kawirikawiri m'mayiko othamanga. Malo ogawawa ndi aakulu kwambiri: South America, Philippines, Africa, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Tasmania, India, Mexico, Japan ndi China. Izi ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba zokhala ndi thunthu lolimba, nthawi zina pali nthambi mu tchire. Masambawo ndi mawonekedwe aing'ono a lanceolate kapena singano, omwe amakhala pafupi. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhala dioecious. Nkhumba zazimayi zimakhala ndi ovule imodzi, nthawi zambiri popanda chipolopolo. Nkhumba za amuna ndizokhakha kapena mu inflorescences mwa mawonekedwe a mphete. 
Mitundu yoteroyo imadziwika:
- Phyllocladus ndi mtengo mpaka mamita makumi atatu pamwamba.
- Dacridium Fonk - shrub osapitirira mamita.
- Dacridium yotayirira-yotchinga shrub, imatuluka pansi ndi masentimita 5-6.
- Dacridium cypress - mtengo mpaka 60 masentimita, ndipo thunthu likulumikizana mpaka mita imodzi ndi hafu mamita.
- Nthenda zokhazokha za banja la Dacridium ndi Parasitaxus, kumakhala ku New Caledonia, kuwonetsera pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mizu ya zomera.
Sciatopithia
Chidziwitso chonse chokhudza mitengo ya coniferous imasonkhanitsidwa mumtundu umodzi - Scyadopitis, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi mitundu imodzi - Scyadopitis, inavled. Ichi ndi mtengo wobiriwira womwe uli ndi korona ya pyramidal, nthambi zochepa zochepa, makungwa ozizira opanda mitsempha. Mtengo ukufika kutalika kwa mita makumi anayi. Masamba ali a mitundu iwiri: masamba ang'onoang'ono, opapatiza, amphongo, ndi angano. Bzalani monoecious. Maluwa amphongo amasonkhanitsidwa pamphepete mwa mazenera a nthambi, maluwa amamera amodzi, iliyonse imakhala ndi ma ovo 7-9. Mitsuko yaitali - 12 cm, imvi-bulauni, ndi m'mphepete mwa mamba. Mbewu, yokhala ndi ma cotyledons awiri, mapiko. 
Zosangalatsa Chomerachi chimalimbikitsidwa bwino m'mayiko ambiri. Scyadopitis inauzidwa ku Great Britain kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pa gombe la Black Sea iwo adaphunzira za zomera mu 1852, pamene adalowa mu Garden Garden ya Nikitsky. Chomeracho chinakula mu Potsdam, Baden-Baden ndi mizinda yambiri ya ku Ulaya.Kudziko lakwawo, ku Japan, sciatopitis yakula mu masoka achilengedwe - mapaki ndi nkhalango, komanso ngati chomera.
Yew
Ambiri a nthumwi za yew - nthawi zonse. Yusuf mitundu yoposa makumi awiri ya hvoynikov. Zili zovuta kuwapatsa ndondomeko, choncho tidzakambirana mitundu yolemekezeka komanso yotchuka kwambiri.
Mabulosi a yew ndi mtengo, wamita mamita 28, ndi makungwa a reddish, nthambi zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zofunda ndi zofewa, zosalala zakuda. Chomeracho chimatchulidwa kuti mnofu wandiweyani wozungulira wobiriwira, mofanana ndi zipatso. Yew mabulosi - dioecious chomera. Yew amakula ku Africa kumpoto chakumadzulo, ku Iran, Asia, ku Russia, Europe, ku Carpathians, ku Kuriles komanso pachilumba cha Shikotan, ku Caucasus. Mabulosi a yew atha kuwonongeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mbali za mabulosi a yew amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala. 
Chenjerani! Yew sanagwidwe m'minda, sichimalola heavy metal salts, chiwonongeko chilichonse cha chilengedwe, chikhoza kufa ngati chimadetsedwa kwambiri.Yew Canada - otsika shrub, kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka m'kukwera ndi korona - mamita 2.7. Nthambi zimakula mosiyana, masambawo ndi ofooka mpaka 2 cm kutalika kwake, m'kati mwake, tsamba lakuda ndi lakuthwa, tsamba la petioles ndi lalifupi ndi lakuda. Mtundu wa tsamba la masamba ndi wobiriwira. Kufalizidwa ku Canada ndi kumpoto kwa United States.
Yew spiky imakula m'chilengedwe mpaka mamita 20, panyumba imakula nthawi zambiri ndi chitsamba. Nthambi za chigobacho, zimakwezedwa kapena zimagwa pansi. Masambawa ndi opapatiza ndi mitsempha yozama, kutalika - mpaka 2 cm, m'lifupi - 3 mm. Mapepala a mapepala amatambasula mpaka kumapeto, mdima wobiriwira. M'dziko lachilengedwe limamera ku Far East, ku Korea, Japan, China. Analimbikitsidwa kuyambira mu 1854. The yew ndi yamkati - ndi wosakanizidwa wobwezeretsedwa kulima munda, makolo ndi yew mabulosi ndi yew kutsogolo. Mitundu iyi inalembedwa ku USA mu 1900. Zili ndi zizindikiro za zikhalidwe zonsezi: mawonekedwe a masamba, mitsempha yapamwamba yomwe imatchulidwa pamtanda, kapangidwe ka nthambi. Zima-wolimba. 
Mitengo ya Coniferous m'mapangidwe a malo ndi yosasinthika: m'dzinja, pamene chirichonse chiri chakuda ndi chodandaula, kapena m'nyengo yozizira kusagwirizana ndi chiyambi choyera, zomera izi zimakondweretsa diso ndi tizirombo tochepa. Kuphatikiza pa malingaliro abwino a zomera, palinso phindu la chilengedwe: nthambi zamtundu zimadziwika kuti zimatha "kuyeretsa" danga lapafupi.
