Kodi nthaka yovuta ndi yotani?

Kukolola kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yochuluka kwambiri, yopindulitsa, yopindulitsa, yopezeka ponseponse komanso yotsika mtengo yolima mbewu. Kuti mulimitse munda wanu mosamala ndi molondola, dziwani bwino ndi maonekedwe a ndondomekoyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Kusuta njira
• Pitani
• Zikuyimiridwa
• Pangani-diagonal
• Momwe nthaka imagwedezeka, nchiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira mtundu wa processing
• Zomwe zimasulidwa ndi nthaka ndi galimoto

Kodi ndi chiyani?

Kusuta - iyi ndi agrotechnical muyeso wa kumasula nthaka pamwamba ndi zovuta kapena zozungulira. Njira yamakono imateteza nthaka kuumitsa, kusakaniza ming'alu komanso kusuntha kwa nthaka, kuwononga udzu, kuwononga namsongole ndi kutulutsa mphukira za zomera.

Kusuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo loyesa kubzala nthaka, kudyetsa msipu ndi mbewu za nthaka yaulimi. Opaleshoniyi ikuchitika mosiyana kapena mwachindunji ndi kulima ndi kuyendetsa. Kuzama kwa nthaka kulima kumadalira kukula kwa mano, kulemera kwake ndi liwiro. Nkhono zazikulu zimamera nthaka mozama masentimita 6 mpaka 10, masentimita akuya mozama masentimita 4-5, ndi opepuka - masentimita 2-3. Chifukwa cha kumasula, mawonekedwe a capillary amagwirizana ndipo nthaka yosasuntha imakhala yopangidwa. Smoothed topsoil amachititsa njira yopangira mbewu, kupanga izo yunifolomu.

Mukudziwa? Chombocho chimatengedwa kuti ndi chophweka kwambiri komanso chonde. The loam ikuphatikiza ubwino uliwonse wa dothi lina, pakati pake ndi porosity, kuwala ndi mphamvu yosunga chinyezi.

Nthawi yovuta ikudziwika:

• Mapulogalamu agrotechnical kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya masika. Kupweteka kwachisanu kumapangidwa pofuna kuteteza chinyezi (zyabi ndi nthunzi zakuda). Ntchito imayamba ndi kuyamba kwa kuphulika kwa thupi lapansi. M'madera okhala ndi mlingo wokwanira wa kutentha, malungo ndi nthunzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zingwe zazingwe, mu malo amadzimadzi - okhala ndi singano.
• Processing ya yozizira mbewu ndi osatha. Kusinthanitsa pakali pano kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mbalame yamakono ndi yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kulima kulima. Kuthamangirira koyambanso kumachitika ndi dzino lopweteka ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala pamodzi ndi kulima. Kum'mwera kwa zone ya steppe, chithandizo chamtundu wa nthaka chofesa mbewu zozizira ndi zipangizo zazikulu za disk zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kusuta kumachitanso kumayiko olima bwino. Pofesa mbewu zozizira zazing'ono zimagwirizana ndi mbeu.
• Kulemba kufesa kovuta. Kusamalidwa mmbuyo kwa mbeu kumagawidwa kuti asanatulukidwe komanso pambuyo pake. Poyamba kuphulika, 80-90% ya mbande ndi mbande zimawonongeka asanakhalepo masamba enieni. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa mbande, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa panthawi yomwe ikukhazikika. Zingwe zadulidwe, dzino lachitsulo, mauna ndi udzu wa weeding amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kukonzekera kwa chilimwe kwa mpweya woyera ndi wofiira. Kupweteka kwakukulu kwa mpweya woyera ndi wofiira kumapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa nthaka pamwamba kapena kutuluka kwa namsongole. Kupweteka kwa theka kumaphatikizidwa ndi kulima, kulima kapena kugula. Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino nthaka ndi kutsegula nthaka, kumasulidwa kumachitika poyendetsera ntchito yolima, kufesa mizere kapena pamtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito njira kapena njira zowonetsera kayendedwe ka nthaka. Malo ang'onoang'ono a mawonekedwe osasinthika amalimidwa m'magulu ozungulira pamphepete mwa munda.

Ndikofunikira! Mu njira yovuta, nthawi ndi yofunika. Kuphulika kwa ntchito yabwino kwambiri kumabweretsa kusowa kwakukulu kwa masamba. Malingana ndi Institute of Agriculture UAAS nyengo yolima yolima imayesedwa bwino pokhapokha ikachitika nthawi yabwino.

Kawirikawiri, minda imakhala yovuta ndi zomangamanga ndizitali zazikulu zazitsamba, pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi ya SG-21 yojambula (kumtunda mamita 21) kapena kusonkhanitsa magulu onse omwe alipo pa famu. Chinthu chachikulu mu nkhaniyi - kutenga zokolola molingana ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Zogwira mtima kwambiri ndi zovuta zamtundu. Njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito meshesi imayenda mosagwirizana ndi machitidwe ena. Mbalame yotereyi imakopera pamwamba pa munda ndi zomera zochepa zomwe zimalima.

Dalakitala yowunikira komanso yowonongeka ndi yothandizira kwambiri ulimi wa alimi ambiri komanso anthu a ku chilimwe.

Kusuta njira

Alipo Njira zitatu za nthaka yovuta: wothamangitsidwa, woganiziridwa ndi wosakanikirana-akugwirizanitsa.

Pitani

Ndi kulima kothamangitsidwa, magulu onsewa amapita munda m'mphepete. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito maulendo awiri, nthawi yoyamba mukufunika kudula dera lanulo, ndipo yachiwiri - kudutsa nthaka yamaluwa. Kuyika ndi njira iyi yolima kumayenera kukhalanso mu mawonekedwe a mitsempha yotambasula.

Zikuyimiridwa

Mukulingalira kulima kolembera mu mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zala. Derali lagwedezeka mu bwalo, popewera zopanda pake. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito maulendo awiri, yachiwiri kumasula imagwira diagonally ku mankhwala oyamba. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera opanda namsongole.

Njira yowopsya ya njira zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka ndizoti pamene mutsegula m'mitsinje iwiri, njira imodzi imasinthidwa ndi njira yolima. Chotsatira chake, nthaka idasinthidwa mosagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pamene mutasunthira kumasula kunkapanda pake.

Pangani-diagonal

Njira yabwino yobweretsera ndikutsegula nthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, njira yoyendetsa mano a unit siyenderana ndi kayendedwe ka kulima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikupangidwe bwino ndipo imapereka malo abwino.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zida zina za agrotechnical njira - mulching.

Momwe nthaka imagwedezeka, nchiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira mtundu wa processing

Ma harrows osankhidwa amakhala pa malo apansi, kuyang'ana malo, kutalika ndi kumangiriza mano. Munda wachotsedwa ndi zinthu zakunja ndikuwonetseratu zopinga zozizwitsa. Ndiyenso kuonetsetsa kuti mupeze malo olima. Komanso, malingana ndi chiwerengero cha magalimoto, mundawo wapangidwa magawo.

Njira yowikidwa pa mzere choyamba choyamba. Kuti musaphonye nthawi yomalizira, harrows imayikidwa msanga. Pambuyo loyamba, pambuyo pa 30-50 mamita 50, amasiya zidazo ndikuyang'ana zofanana za maphunziro omwe ali m'nthaka, komanso kukhalapo kwa ziphuphu pakati pa zovuta ndi maulumikizi.

Kulima nthaka kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 9-11 km / h. Kutsekedwa kwa ndime zozungulira zisakhale zoposa 15 masentimita. Zofooka ndi zophimba sizivomerezeka. Pang'ono pokha pamafunika zitsulo zofunikira kuti ziyeretsedwe. Mtundu wa kuvuta umadalira kulemera kwa ziphuphu, mawonekedwe a mano, mbali ya kukula kwa nthaka, chinyezi cha dziko lapansi, kukula kwa harrows ndi liwiro la harrow. Komabe, makamaka kulima kumadalira nthawi yomwe ikukhazikitsidwa. Kuchedwa kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chinyontho, kupanga mapangidwe a nthaka ndi chimbudzi pamwamba pa pulawo. Ngati mankhwalawa asanakwane (pamene dothi limanyowa), mmalo momasula, laphatikizidwa.

Ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kodi nthaka imamasulidwa bwanji?
• kaya pamwamba pa nthaka yowonongeka yowonongeka;
• Kugawidwa kwa munda;
• dera lachitukuko;
• kuchepetsa zomera zomwe zimalima komanso kusalakwitsa.

Motoblock - yabwino wothandiza kwa wamaluwa ambiri. Amisiri ena amanga zida zawo. Kunyumba, kumangadi mvula ndi mbatata.

Zomwe zimasulidwa ndi nthaka ndi galimoto

Lero, wamaluwa ambiri mu famu ali ndi kayendetsedwe kawo-kumbuyo kwa thirakitala. Pa oyamba kumene panthawi ya ntchito ndi galimoto yamagalimoto nthawi zambiri pali mavuto ena. Musanayambe ntchito, m'pofunika kuti muyambe kulima ndikuyang'ana kusintha kwa woyendetsa galimoto.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi tillers nyengo yotentha, pumulani. Choncho, mungalole injiniyo kuti isapitirire.

Kusuta tillers kumachita izi:

1. Njirayi imayikidwa pamphepete mwa munda.
2. Phatikizani gear yoyamba, pang'onopang'ono muthamangitse chikwama cha clutch. Gudumu la motoblock liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi munda. Kotero kuti polima makinawo samadzibisa okha pansi, simukuyenera kukankha gudumu kapena kukankhira zida patsogolo.
3. Pogonjetsa mzere woyamba, ndikofunikira kufufuza kukula kwa kulima. Pezani kuchokera pansi pa mzere kupita ku ridge. Ngati kutalika kwa nthaka yofiira kumagwirizana ndi magawo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso mlimi (15-18 masentimita), mukhoza kulima munda.

Mukasintha bwino mlimi, mumalandira zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yanu. Pambuyo polima, zipangizozo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi ndi dothi, kenaka m'pofunikira kuchotsa pulawo kuchokera ku motoblock ndikuiyika pambali mpaka ntchito yotsatira.

Mukudziwa? Mapangidwe a tiller ali pafupi ndi zizindikiro za thirakitala. Pali mitundu yoposa 600 ya motoblocks. Kulengedwa kwa olima magalimoto ambiri chifukwa cha zida zamalonda ndi zamalonda. Wopanga aliyense akufuna kudziwonetsera yekha mwanjira yabwino, kumasula motoblock ya chipangizo chosazolowereka.

Monga mukuonera, kuvuta ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa malo amtunda m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Popanda kulima, njira zamakono sizidzatha ndipo sizidzawoneka bwino.