Biringanya ndi chikhalidwe chopanda chidwi. Mbande mopanda peck ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono, kumafuna kusamalira mosamala, kumamatira kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuti mbeu ikhale yoyenera pa nthawi yomwe imaikidwa pamabedi, kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yathanzi, nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino.
Ngati mbande ikuchedwa, ndi bwino kutenga zofunikira mwamsanga mwamsanga.
Mutu wa nkhani yathu lero: mbande ya biringanya imakula bwino, choyenera kuchita chiyani? Fufuzani chifukwa chake mbande zimabera?
Nchifukwa chiyani mbande za biringanya zimafa? Chochita
Mbeu zathanzi ziyenera kukhala zochepa, zobiriwira, zamphamvu, zobiriwira. Mphukira yowopsya yowonjezera imasonyeza kusala.
Koma nthawi zina kukula kumakhala kovuta. Mbande zimawoneka kuti zikuimapopanda kukula mu kukula. Kawirikawiri vutoli likuwonjezeka: masamba amawuma ndi kufota, mapesi akuphulika, mawanga amawoneka pa mbande.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mbande kungakhale zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chiyani mbande zimayambira:
- zosankha zolakwika;
- mochuluka kwambiri zida zazing'ono;
- nthaka yosavuta;
- kuchepetsa kutentha nthaka ndi mpweya;
- mochuluka kwambiri kuthirira kwambiri;
- zofooka za zakudya;
- kuchuluka kwa asidi kuchuluka kwa nthaka;
- kugonjetsedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- matenda.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake kumakhala zifukwa zambiri. Kuwonongedwa kwawo kwa nthawi yake kumathekera kuthetsa vutoli, mbande zikuyambanso kukula.
Mavuto ndi kusintha
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbande - kusankha kolakwika. Ambiri amaluwa samaphatikizapo njirayi, poopa kutetezeka kwa mizu. Kuwonongeka pang'ono chabe kumayambitsa mantha ndi chitukuko mu chomera. Ndi zilonda zazikulu zingamwalire.
Monga njira zothandizira Ndibwino kuti mufese eggplants pakapanga: mapiritsi a peat, mapulasitiki kapena makapu a mapepala, okhala ndi mafilimu. Mu miphika yotere, zomera zimayamba kusamutsidwa kupita ku wowonjezera kutentha, mizu imakhala yosasunthika.
Ngati zosankhazo zachitika kale ndipo zidutswa za eggplants zatsikira pansi, mukhoza kuyesa kuzipulumutsa, ulimi wothirira ulimi (mwachitsanzo, ndi Kornevin). Katemera wosachiza uwu amachiza microtrauma, amapereka mphamvu kuti apangidwe mizu, amachulukitsa thanzi labwino. Mankhwalawa amadzipukutira molingana ndi malangizo omwe akugulitsidwa, kuthirira kumachitika pazu.
Mafunso ku chidebe ndi nthaka
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa chimakhala nthaka yosavuta.
Biringanya Sankhani gawo lowala, lopatsa thanzi lachitsulo chosakanikirana ndi munda kapena sod ndi humus, peat, mchenga.
Zomwe nthaka ikuyenera kuchita zisakhale zandale kapena zofooka zamchere. Zambiri za peat zingachititse kuti zikhale zosavuta. M'nthaka iyi, mizu ikhoza kuvunda, kuchepetsa kukula kwa zimayambira ndi masamba.
Onetsetsani kuti zosinthidwazo zidzakuthandizani fungo loipa lavundakuchokera kumtunda. Mitengo iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ku miphika, kuyang'ana mizu. Mizu yathanzi iyenera kukhala yoyera, yosalala, yamphamvu. Ngati iwo ali woonda kapena wofiira, ndikofunika kusintha nthaka.
Mbali yaikulu ya chomera imasiya chidebe chaching'ono kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi mbande zimakula m'mapiritsi. Ngati mizu ikuwonekera kuchokera mu mphika, muyenera kutumiza chomera mwamsanga ku chidebe chochulukirapo popanda kusokoneza umphumphu wa chiwombankhanga.
Nthaka yochuluka yokwanira imaphatikizidwa ku thanki latsopano. Miphika iyenera kukhala ya usinkhu wausinkhu, komanso yaikulu kwambiri nthaka imathamanga.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Biringanya musakonde chinyezi chokwanira, koma samakonda chilala. Dothi lokonzedwa bwino lidzakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino. Mu miphika ayenera kuchita mabowo a ngalande, pambuyo pake zidazoikidwa pamtanda.
Imwani mbande iyenera kukhala ngati chimbudzi chakuda. Madzi ozizira okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito., ozizira nthawi yomweyo amasiya kukula kwa mbande.
Ngati nthaka pansi pa mbande imakhala yonyowa kwambiri, mukhoza kusunga mchitidwewu poyeretsa ndi kukweza mabowo. Nthaka pamwamba akuwaza ndi akanadulidwa nkhuni phulusa (makamaka birch). Phulusa imatulutsa chinyontho ndikudyetsa nthaka, kupanga malo abwino kwa zomera.
Pakati pa kuthirira nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa mosamalakuyesa kuti asavulaze mizu. Kutalika kwakukulu, komwe kumapangidwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kumachepetsa mpweya wa oxygen ku mizu, sikulola kuti mbande zikhale bwino.
Pezani kukula kwa biringanya nthaka yochepa yokwanira. Pambuyo kutsegula masamba awiri oyambirira a masamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ndi zovuta fetereza kwa mbande, kuphatikizapo urea, superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate.
Kudyetsa kwina kumachitika musanayambe kuika tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono m'nthaka.
Mavuto otentha
Biringanya kukula bwino m'madera onse ozizira ndi otentha. Njira yoyenera kutulukira mphukira ndiyo kusunga kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pa madigiri 24-25 ndi kuchepetsa usiku mpaka madigiri 15-16.
Dontho loterolo limatsimikizira kuti kukula kwa mbande kumakhala kosavuta, sikutambasula, koma siyani kukula. Za umoyo wa mbande amafunika mpweya wabwino popanda ma drafts.
Saloledwa kudyetsa nthaka.. Kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa dothi ndi mpweya kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa mizu. Ngati kukwera kuli pawindo, mukhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi gwero la chimfine, chophimbapola ndi pulasitiki.
Njira ina ndikulera poto ndi miphika kuti mpweya wozizira uzidutsa pansi pake. Mbande akhoza kukhala wokwera pa matabwa akufa kapena zina zothandizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda oopsa komanso oopsa kwambiri okhudza mbande ya biringanya - mwendo wakuda. Mapesi a mbande amdima, chophimba chodziwika chikuwoneka pa iwo. Chomeracho sichilandira zakudya zokha, zimatayika ndipo imamwalira msanga. Simungathe kupulumutsa mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Komabe, maonekedwe a mbande zomwe zakhudzidwa zidzakhala chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Mbande zodwala zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo., nthaka imadzaza ndi phulusa. Kuthirira kumasiya kwa kanthawi., kupitilira kuchitidwa molondola kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito supuni, madzi okwanira ang'onong'ono akhoza kapena kupopera.
Mu youma, ofunda m'nyumba mpweya Mbande ingasokonezedwe ndi nthiti, whitefly kapena akalulu. Mafinya amamwa madzi kuchokera ku zimayambira ndi masamba, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbande.
Ndi bwino kuyang'anitsitsa pansi pa mapepala, pambali pang'onopang'ono pali madera onse a mphutsi. Iphani alendo osalandiridwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo angathandize. Mbande zimasinthidwa 2-3 nthawi mpaka ziwonongeke zonse za tizilombo.
Monga njira yothandizira, m'pofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga mwa kupopera mbewu pambali pa botolo. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madontho a madzi pa masamba.
Sewani zamtchentche kapena ntchentche zing'onozing'ono adzakuthandizani tsabola yotentha yowonongeka pamwamba pa nthaka. Sikuti ndi poizoni, samakhudza chitukuko cha biringanya. Kuvala kumafunikira kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Sambani nsabwe za m'masamba kapena zitsamba zamadzi ndi madzi otentha a sopo.zomwe mofatsa zimatsuka zimayambira ndi masamba.
Kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbande ndi chifukwa chofufuza mosamalitsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kuthana ndi kuthetsedwa kwawo. Kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake kudzathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Mbande idzabwezera mwamsanga mawonekedwe otayika, kochepa kuima mu kukula sikungakhudze kukhazikitsidwa kwa maluwa ndi zokolola zamtsogolo.
Choncho, tazindikira chifukwa chake mbande zabzala sizikukula, choyenera kuchita chiyani? Iwo adatchula zifukwa zomwe mbande za biringanya sizikula bwino, zimalongosola zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina zokhuza kukula ndi kusamalira mbande za biringanya:
- Njira zosiyanasiyana zolima: mu mapiritsi a peat, mu nkhono komanso pamapepala a chimbudzi.
- Zonse zomwe zimafesedwa mogwirizana ndi kalendala ya mwezi.
- Malamulo a golide akukula kuchokera ku mbewu.
- Makhalidwe a kulima m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia: ku Urals, ku Siberia ndi ku Moscow.
- Werengani zambiri za kukonzekera mbewu musanadzalemo.
