Maluwa a Chingelezi a "William Shakespeare" amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi imodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso oyenera kwambiri pa ulimi wathu. Ngati mukufuna kulumikiza malo anu ndi zitsamba zouluka - izi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake ku zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula, kuchepa kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zina zabwino kwambiri.
M'nkhaniyi mudzapeza zambiri zokhudza rosi "William Shakespeare", chithunzi chake ndi kufotokoza kwake.
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa imeneyi inalembedwa ndi David Austin wotchuka wa Chingerezi mu 1987: lingaliro linali kupanga maluwa a kalasi ya zitsamba, zomwe zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza zomera izi. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zinawayendera bwino m'munda umenewu, mitunduyi idakali ndi dzimbiri komanso powdery mildew.
Mukudziwa? William Shakespeare, yemwe ulemu wake unatchulidwa, amadziwika ngati munthu wa zaka chikwi.
Mu 2000, zosiyanasiyanazi zinasintha bwino., anatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndipo adakonza zolakwika zapitazo, zokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda ena. Maluwa amenewa adalandiridwanso kukanizidwa kwa chisanu (kumatha kulekerera kutentha mpaka -26 ° C).
Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe
Zosiyanazi ndi zokongola kwambiri. chomera chachikulu, zimayambira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira, ndipo kenako amasanduka mtundu wofiirira. Mafotokozedwe osiyana ndi oyenerera kukula kwa maluwa - ena amatha kukula kwake kwa masentimita 10-12. Poyambirira, chifaniziro cha maluwa pa nthawi yomwe amawululidwa chimatenga mawonekedwe apamwamba. Maluwa onse ali ndi mapaundi 70, omwe amapangidwa ngati maburashi. Kutalika kwa maluwa a duwa lililonse ndi pafupi masabata awiri.
Mukudziwa? David Austin akunena kuti, malinga ndi lingaliro lake, "William Shakespeare 2000" ndizosakayikitsa kuti mpweya wofiira wabwino kwambiri lero.
Mphukira yachinyamata imamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo maluĊµawo amadziwika ndi wapadera, odabwitsa kokha kwa fungo la maluwa ndi zolemba zowunikira. Nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June kufikira oyambirira a September. Chitsamba chimadziwika ndi kukula mofulumira, kumangirira, nthambi zambiri komanso masamba obiriwira omwe ali obiriwira.
Mavuto akukula
Ngakhale kuti maluwa onse a Chingerezi ndi odzichepetsa, pali malamulo angapo omwe angakuthandizeni kuti muwathandize kwambiri kubzala ndi kusamalira iwo. Pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa amenewa maluwa abwino okula, mukhoza kuchepetsa nthawi yawo maluwa ndikufulumizitsa kukula kwawo.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Maluwa osiyanasiyana William Shakespeare amatanthauza zomera zomwe zimakonda kuwala. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti titsike pamalo okonzeka bwino. Ndibwino kuti maluwa anu akakhale padzuwa dzuwa lonse. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti maluwa a zomera awa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi mphepo, akuuluka mozungulira ndi mphamvu zake, zowonongeka. Choncho, panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndibwino kuti musankhe malo oti mubzalidwe omwe angatetezedwe ku zojambula.
Okonda kukongola malingana ndi malo omwe akupita adzakwaniritsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa - chivundikiro, tiyi, makwinya, kukwera, shrub, muyezo.
Mtundu wa dothi
Chifukwa chodzala duwa loamy, kudyetsa chinyezi, madontho ochepa kwambiri, dothi lolemera la humus ndiloyenera. Zomerazi sizikulepheretsa chinyezi chochulukirapo, choncho zimalimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa madzi okwanira m'deralo. Kuchulukitsa madzi pamtunda kungayambitse mizu ya zomera, zomwe pamapeto pake zingayambitse imfa yake. 
Kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbande
Musanabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, ayenera kukhala ochepa - agwire maola 4-5 m'madzi, kenako achotseni mizu yonse yowonongeka ndikuwombera. Kufika bwino kumachitika mu April, pamene nthaka imakhala yotentha mokwanira, kapena m'dzinja, isanayambike chisanu.
Chiwerengero chokhazikika cha kubzala maluwa ndi chonchi:
- Mtsuko wosakaniza womwe uli ndi magawo awiri a mchenga, 1 mbali ya peat, magawo atatu a manyowa ndi magawo awiri a nthaka yachonde imayikidwa mu dzenje lakukolola, osachepera 40x50 cm mu kukula.
- Mizu ya mmera imayendetsedwa m'njira yomwe imalowa muchitsime.
- Chitsamba chaching'ono chimayikidwa muchitsime, ndiye chimadzazidwa ndi dothi, kenakake kakang'ono.
- Chotsatira ndichoti kuthirira madzi ambiri ndi madzi, ndipo atatha kumwa madziwo - amawapaka.
Ndikofunikira! Duwa liyenera kukhazikika kuti malo ophatikizidwa apitirire ndi 2-4 masentimita ngati ndi nthaka yochepa, ndi 7-10 masentimita ngati akulemera.
Maphunziro a Gulu
Kawirikawiri, chisamaliro cha maluwa awa sichibisa ubwino uliwonse wapadera: chirichonse chiri cholingalira bwino, koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ndizofunikira kuika chidwi.
Kuthirira
Ndikofunika kuthirira izi zosiyanasiyana kamodzi pa sabata, komanso pamasiku otentha a chilimwe - masiku atatu onse. Mlingo wa chinyezi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse - 10 malita. Ndibwino kuti muzitsatira ndondomeko yam'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo mutatha kutentha, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka kuzungulira zomera ndikuchotsa namsongole omwe amamera kuzungulira chitsamba chanu.
Feteleza
Chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa imakhala yochepa kwambiri, imakhala yowonjezera nthawi zambiri. Kudyetsa koyamba kumapangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi kuyamba kwa mapangidwe atsopano mu tchire. Ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zakuthupi, monga kompositi kapena, mwachitsanzo, manyowa, ndi mineralized feteleza. Chakudya chiyenera kupangidwa pafupipafupi masabata awiri mpaka kumapeto kwa July. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa zomera, kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu monophosphate. Izi zidzathandiza maluwa anu m'nyengo yozizira bwino.
Kudulira
Nthawi yoyamba kudulira imabwera kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene, atachotsa malo obisala, nyengo yonse yozizira ndi youma imadulidwa. Kenaka, chitsamba chiyenera kuumbidwa - theka la zimayambira zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, ndipo ndi theka la awo omwe amawoneka owongolera. M'tsogolomu, kuti atulutse maluwa nthawi, mu nyengo yofunda nthawi yofunika kutchera wofota maluwa.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga tanenera poyamba, izi zotsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhudza maluwa, koma pansi pa zovuta kwambiri, zimatha kutenga matenda enaake. Pano pali mndandanda wa iwo ndi mndandanda wafupikitsa wa zowonongeka:
- Mame a Mealy. Ndikoyenera kubudula ndi kuwotcha mphukira zowonongeka, ndikukonzekera chitsamba 2% sopo-copper emulsion kapena 30% ya chitsulo sulphate.
- Mdima wakuda. Pambuyo pochotsedwa mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi zomera, ndizofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 0.1% yankho la basezol.
- Kutupa. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ziwalo za mbeu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikukonzekera maluwawo ndi njira ya msuzi-sopo, kuchepa kwa nettle kapena chitsamba chowawa, kapena 2% Bordeaux madzi.
- Grey kuvunda. Popeza kukula kwa matendawa kumapangitsa nyengo yowirira, idyani maluwa anu nthawi yomwe muli ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi manganese.
- Tizilombo timene timayambitsa kawirikawiri timakhala ndi: mbozi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nsabwe za m'masamba, pennits slobbering, ndi rosean mamba. Muziyesetsa kuteteza zomera zanu kuchokera ku tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa kuti zithandize mankhwala osiyanasiyana a tizilombo.
Zinthu zoberekera
Maluwa a Chingerezi amabereka bwino popanda thandizo la mbewu, popeza ana omwe amapeza mwanjira imeneyi samakhala ndi zofunikira zonse za kholo lawo. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha kubereka kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito inoculation, kugawanitsa chitsamba, kuika ndi kukulumikiza. Njira yotsiriza ndiyo yodalirika, yosavuta kuigwiritsa ntchito komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.
Nthawi yabwino yokolola cuttings ndi yophukira.pamaso pa woyamba frosts. Kuti mudziwe kuti tsinde ndi loyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudula, mukhoza kuyesa kuthana ndi singano. Ngati izi zikuchitika mosavuta, ndiye tsinde ndiloyenera kutero. Tsinde lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi masamba 2-3, pamene m'munsi mwadulidwa wapangidwa ndi oblique - ziyenera kukhala zoyenera kumunsi kwa masamba, ndipo chapamwamba chikhale 1 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba.
Komanso, zonse zopangidwa ndi cuttings ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa rooting. Masamba otsika amachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndi omwe ali pamwamba, amadula 1/3. Pambuyo pake, cuttings ndi kuziika mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo amaikidwa ndi masentimita 2-3. Mbande ya cuttings yayeretsedwa mtsinje kapena perlite.
Kutsekemera kwabwino kumachitika pamene timadzi timene timatentha ndi mpweya ndi 22-25 ° C ndi chinyezi ndi 80-90%. Padzakhalanso mthunzi ndi kawirikawiri, ulimi wothirira. Pambuyo pa masambawa amayamba kukula, ndipo masamba oyambirira akupita, ndi bwino kuchepetsa kupopera mbewu ndi kumayambitsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuti tchire tating'ono titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyera. M'nyengo yozizira, tchire tating'ono tifunika kusungidwa mumchenga wouma mchenga kutentha kosadutsa 2-4 ° C.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Asanayambe koyamba chisanu, chomera chiyenera kutetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowuma. Kuti muchite izi, sungani chithunzi chopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zinthu zina zokhazikika pa chomeracho, kenaka ponyani zinthu zilizonse zopanda mphamvu, pamwamba pake pamapeto pake, pamapeto pake mfundozo ziyenera kugwedezeka pansi kuti pasakhale mipata. Pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe mutatha kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzaposa 4-6 ° C.
Kotero, monga inu mukuwonera, duwa "William Shakespeare" limakhala malo apadera mu bukhu lopatulika la zomera. Ndikufuna ndikufunseni mwayi wonse kwa wamaluwa omwe asankha kukula maluwa amenewa mmadera awo. Lolani maluwa anu akubweretseni inu chisangalalo chachikulu ndi zina zabwino.
