Bulu ndi nyama yaikulu yomwe imayenda pa miyendo inayi. Mapazi awiri am'manja amanyamula 65 peresenti ya katundu, panthawi yam'mbuyo - 35% yokha. Pogwiritsa ntchito chisinthiko, kapangidwe kake ka mahatchi kanasintha. Tsopano miyendo yam'tsogolo imalola hatchi kuti ipite msanga kudutsa mu malo osavuta ndikupirira nkhawa yaikulu. M'nkhani ino, timaganizira momwe mahatchi am'tsogolo akuyendera mahatchi, kusinthika kwawo, mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi matenda wamba a ziwalo ndi ziboda.
Kusinthika kwa kutsogolo kwa kavalo
Mbuye wa akavalo amasiku ano, orogippus, anali ndi mizere yayitali yaitali, yaying'ono yazing'ono zinayi, iliyonse yomwe inali ndi mapepala ang'onoang'ono. Sanadziwe kusunthira mofulumira komanso kubisala kudera lamapiri, kukwera mmapiri. Zing'amba zake zinayamba kuuma, zala zapakati - kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri ndi nthaka. Zolembedwa zam'mbali za orohyppus, mmalo mwake, zinatsika, zinasunthika pamwamba ndipo zinasanduka zida. Mahatchi amasiku ano, zalazi zilipo ngati mafupa osakanikirana omwe ali mbali zonse ziwiri za ziboda.
Orohippus anayamba kusuntha pa nsonga zala zapakati, potero zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa ziboda. Mofanana ndi kukula kwa nkhumbazo, liwiro lake linakula, ndipo linasamukira ku madera a steppe omwe ali ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zilembo zowonongeka zikuwongolera kwambiri, ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti pakakhala wamkulu chiweto sichisangalala pamene chimatha.
Kachitidwe kake ka mahatchi
Mgugu wa kutsogolo kwa kavalo ndi njira yovuta yomwe ili ndi mafupa ndi minofu, yomwe imapangidwira katundu wolemetsa ndipo imalola chinyama kuyenda mofulumira ndi mosavuta. 
Msuzi ndi mchere
Nkhonoyi ndi malo otsetsereka a paphewa ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi humer kudzera paphewa. Ili pamunsi pa mzere wa kufota ndi khosi, ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khosi ndi mzere wa msana kupyolera mu collarbone.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kavalo ndi: Yophatikiza English, Tinker, Friesian, Falabella, Orlov trotter, Shire, Mousti, Shulen, Trakehner ndi Przhevalsky.
Dera la kutalika kwa tsamba limakhudza makhalidwe abwino a chiweto. Kulemba kumene kuli kochepa, chiwerengerocho, ndi chochepa. Mapangidwe a mafupawa amachititsa bata. 
Kuthamanga mahatchi kumafota kwambiri ndipo mapewa ataliatali amakhala ndi mbali yaying'ono pakati pa iyo ndi humer. Kutalika kwa tsamba ndi kuchepa kwa malingaliro ake poyerekeza ndi mapewa, kutsika kwambiri kwa kayendedwe ka nyama ndi kukula kwake. Malinga ndi malingaliro ake, tsambalo likhoza kukhala lalikulu (lalikulu angle), oblique (yaying'ono mbali) ndi sing'anga (yachibadwa ngodya). Mbali yotalika ya mapewa imapitirira mbali yam'mbuyo ya thupi, yomwe ili ngati akavalo a mtundu.
Mukudziwa? Mbali zovuta kwambiri za thupi la kavalo ndi milomo yake ndi ziboda! Ngakhale kuti ndi zovuta, ziboda zili ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha komanso magetsi. Hatchi ikuwoneka ngati ikuyenda mumsewu pamene ikuyendayenda, ndipo ikuyendetsa wokwerayo m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa nkhumba za akavalo - Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri zankhondo zake. Chovala chofiira chimaonedwa kuti n'chopweteka kwambiri, ndipo ziboda zosaphimbidwa ndizowononga mdani kusiyana ndi kuvulaza.
Elbow
Mphuno yokhala bwino, yokhala ndi mpumulo pa mpumulo iyenera kumangiriridwa mwamphamvu pachifuwa cha nyamayo. Ngati chigoba chimaikidwa pambali kapena pakhosi, ndiye kuti chifuwa ndi miyendo ya kavalo sakula bwino, ndipo nyama yotereyo sichitha kugwira ntchito.
Zosokoneza
Amalumikizidwa ku chigoba kudzera mu karotilage. Zokwera komanso zotalika, zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'kamwa ndi mafupa. Pa mlingo wa forearm pali mitsempha yofunika yotchedwa extensor minofu imene imasuntha metacarpus, choncho choponderezeka chiyenera kukhala chokhala ndi minofu ndi yaitali. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka chinyama choyendetsa bwino. 
Wrist
Ili ndilo lovuta lokhala ndi mafupa asanu ndi awiri. Dzanjali liyenera kukhala lalifupi, louma, likuoneka bwino pamwamba pa metacarpus. Khungu pa mkono wathanzi umatambasula bwino komanso mopepuka. Poyang'ana kuchokera kutsogolo, mafupa a carpal ayenera kukhala ozungulira ndi ozungulira.
Ndikofunikira! Kutupa kwa khungu pa dzanja ndi minofu yambiri yogwirizana pa iyo imasonyeza kutupa mkati mkati. Kutupa nthawi zambiri kumakhala umboni wa tendon distension, pomwepo chithandizo chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Gulu ndi agogo aakazi
Mutu wamakono ndi kasupe kamene kake, kamodzi ndi pulasitiki ya putt, imachepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa nsomba zomwe zimagunda pansi. Agogo ayenera kukhala osasinthasintha, osasamala. Kuwonedwa kuchokera kumbali kudzakhala koonekera pamutu pa mutu, womwe nthawi zambiri ndi 60 °. Agogo agwirizanitsidwa ndi karotila ndi ziwalo zofiira ndi ziboda. 
Mankhwala othandizira anthu odwala ndi owuma, olimba komanso amphamvu, ali ndi kutupa kwa khungu komwe mkati mwake kumaphimba mafupa a samoid. Mafupawa amapulumutsa mwanayo kuti asamangidwe. Pamene mahatchi amakula, maburashi ovuta amakula kuchokera ku tsitsi la alonda pamtanda, zomwe zimateteza khungu ndi matope kuvulala.
Mukudziwa? Masai anthu ankalemekeza mahatchi chifukwa cha nyama zopatulika. Anakhulupilira kuti membala wa mafuko a Masai, omwe anaphedwa ndi mahatchi, adachotsedwa ku paradaiso. Mordvins sanatsatire pambuyo pa Masai - kulemekeza kwa akavalo kunali kochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti akazi akhoza kukwera pa zinyama izi, pokhapokha atavala masiketi awiri mwakamodzi. Ankaganiza kuti mkazi akhoza kudetsa nyama yopatulika pogwira mapazi ake.
Pasties
Zili ndi miyala iwiri - metacarpal ndi slate. The metacarpus iyenera kukhala yaifupi, yosalala ndi yotambasula, ndi zotchedwa tendons. Malingana ndi kuyendera kwa pasterns, yang'anani mphamvu ya miyendo ya kavalo. 
Chotsitsa ndi ziboda
Pamunsi mwa ziboda pali mafupa atatu: shuttle, coronary, ziboda. Holo ya bomba ili pamwamba pa fupa la coronoid ndipo imayambitsa magazi.
Phunzirani zonse zokhudza kubereka akavalo kunyumba.
Nsabwe pa bwalo lakumbuyo la kavalo ndilokuluka kuposa kumbuyo. Pamwamba pa zibodazo ndizitali, ndivi ndi muvi waukulu (phala pamwamba pa ziboda), ndi pang'onopang'ono chitende. Mdima wandiweyani, ndi wolimba kwambiri. 
Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani kumapazi a kavalo pamene akuthamanga
Zilonda za akavalo zimakhala ngati zingwe zazitseko ndipo zimangoyendetsa njira imodzi yokha. Pa nthawiyi, ziboda zimagwera pansi. Agogo aakazi ndi mafuta a putt amachepetsa phokosolo, amazitenga pamtengo wambiri ndipo amazipereka kwa metacarpus ndi dzanja. Kachilombo kakang'ono kakang'ono kameneka kakuyendetsa pamsinkhu wotsatira, minofu imatulutsa mphulupulu yapamwamba pamtunda, paphewa ndi palimodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mbalameyi imayenda mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo imafalitsa kwambiri zikwama zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera. Hatchi yomwe imayenda pang'ono ndi yochepa imakhala ndi rheumatism, edema ndi mavuto ndi magazi omwe amaperekedwa kwa miyendo.Pali mitundu yambiri ya maonekedwe a kavalo. Ndi sitepe, kuthamanga, kusungunuka ndi kumveka. Mitunduyi imayenda mofulumira ndi kufulumira kwa mapeto. Gawo lodziwika bwino ndi losavuta kwambiri la kavalo ndilo gawo limene chithandizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, kenako ndi miyendo itatu. Chovuta kwambiri ndi chowoneka bwino, ndi chachilendo kwa mahatchi ena achilengedwe, ndi kovuta kwambiri kuphunzitsa nyama pamtundu uwu. Nyama ikuyenda, ikuyamba kumanzere ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendo, ndiyeno kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
Matenda a miyendo ndi ziboda za akavalo
Kuphunzitsidwa miyendo yathanzi - chinsinsi cha ntchito yopindulitsa ndi yopambana ya zinyama. Matenda ambiri ammimba a mahatchi amachitika chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino ndi zovuta.
Kugwedeza
Matenda ambiri omwe amakwera mahatchi. Zimayambira chifukwa cha kutuluka pang'ono kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu umodzi kapena awiri pa metatarsus kapena m'mphepete mwa madzi akhoza kuonongeka. Kutalika kwa metacarpus ndi agogo aakazi, kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kuwonjezera katundu, Brockdown ingakhumudwitse kwambiri metacarpus ndi chikhalidwe cholowa. 
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, madzi oundana amawagwiritsa ntchito pa masiku awiri oyambirira, mankhwala osokoneza bongo Phenylbutazone amathandizidwa ndi corticosteroids mkati mwake komanso m'derali monga Dexamethasone.
Mukudziwa? Ufulu wotchedwa kavalo wotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi wa nyama yotchedwa Thumbelina. Mu 2006, izi zidaphatikizidwa ku Guinness Book of Records. Kutalika kwake pakufota ndi masentimita 43, ndi kulemera kwake - makilogalamu 25. Kamwana kakang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mwana wotchedwa Einstein. Ndilo la mtundu wa pinto, ndipo pobadwa analemera 2.5 kilograms yokha.
Chigwirizano chophatikizana
Izi ndi zilonda zamtundu wa karotilage ndi mabakiteriya a streptococcal. Kuthamanga kwa chifuwa chachikulu kumachitika ndi ululu waukulu womwe umatha kuchokera pa maora khumi ndi awiri mpaka masiku. Mkhalidwe wa kutuluka kwa nthendayi ndi zomwe zili m'madera ozizira, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. 
Hatchi, yomwe imazunzidwa ndi rheumatism, imasunga chiwalo chodwala kulemera, imatsuka zinyalala. Kufufuza ndi kulumpha kumatha kuvomereza kudzikuza ndi malungo pa malo ovulala. Kawirikawiri zimakhudza mawondo, nthawi zambiri - ziwalo za mawondo. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, katsabola kamene kamakwera katatu patsiku, ndipo mphutsi ikhoza kuonekera pakhungu. Kuchiza kwa chiwopsezo chachikulu kumapangidwa ndi jekeseni ya m'mimba ya 15 ml ya Diclofenac kapena Reopirin.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ndikufupikitsa nthawi yowonzanso, m'pofunika kukulumikiza mwakachetechete mitsempha pambuyo pa jekeseni ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, ikani moto wowonjezera.
Edema (kudzazidwa) kwa ziwalo
Ndi yofewa kwambiri m'deralo. Hatchi samamva bwino pamene ikuwonekera. Chifukwa cha maonekedwewo ndi moyo wokhala chete, kuika matangadza, katundu wambiri mwa nyama zazing'ono, mikwingwirima. Njira yabwino yopewera kudzaza nyama zidzakwera maulendo anayi patsiku ndikukweza katundu. 
Mbewu
Zidzakhala chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa ziboda, zongokhala ndi ziboda zokhala ndi ziboda kapena nthawi yayitali yosasintha. Zikuwoneka ngati kuphulika koopsa.
Ngati mutapeza chimanga pa kavalo, mahatchi amafunika kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, chimanga chiyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala, ndipo phokoso la mowa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo owonongeka. Pofuna kupewa maonekedwe a chimanga, muyenera kuyesa ndikuyeretsa nsombazo.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lotchuka kwambiri la kavalo padziko lapansi ndi Zhu Han, lomwe limatanthauza "pitani kwa mwini" mu Chitchaina. China ili ndi mahatchi ochulukirapo kuposa maiko ena. Mwina izi zikutanthauza kutchuka kwa dzina ili.
Laminitis
Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi opoy. Uku ndiko kutukusira kwa thupi lochepa (sheet) la lamina lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito fupa la bokosi ku nsapato ya nyanga. Pakati pa pepala losanjikiza siliperekedwa ndi magazi, matenda ake amayamba kufa ndi kuwonjezeka kukula. Hatchi yokhala ndi laminate imapanga chidendene cha chidendene ndipo imangoyimutsa. Kutentha kwa m'deralo kumatuluka, mitsempha pamwamba pa mndandanda wothandizira pulsate mofulumira. 
Choyamba, nkofunika kubwezeretsa mwazi wa m'magawo, omwe nitroglycerin lotions amaikidwa pamalo a corolla. Panthawi yochira, nyamayo ikuyenda pa mchenga wouma, ozizira, ndipo amapatsidwa jekeseni wambiri wa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino, monga Heparin ndi Isoxuprine.
Fupa lamtambo
Choyambitsa matenda a pfupa limeneli ndi katundu wambiri kapena makonzedwe osayenera a makoma a ziboda. Ndizimene zimadwala matendawa. 
Hatchi imayamba kugwedezeka, kugwada, ndi kupukuta ziboda kumtunda kuti zichepetse kupweteka pa malo opweteka. Palinso mahatchi apadera a mafupa, omwe amatha kuchepetsa katundu pa fupa lapamadzi komanso kuthetsa zowawa.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi yovala mahatchi atsopano, kavalo ayenera kuikidwa mkati mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nyama yomwe imapweteka mfupa idzaika ziboda zake chimodzimodzi cholakwika, komanso kuyenera kubwezeretsa kudzakhala zero.
Osteit
Uku ndiko kutupa, ndiyeno kutsekemera kwa bokosi la fupa, lomwe ndi zotsatira za laminitis. Zimapezeka chifukwa chokhazikika m'magazi ndi zivomezi zomwe zimabwera mobwerezabwereza. Nyamayo ikuwoneka ngati yowopsya, imasuntha katunduyo kuchokera kubwala kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo. Tsamba lopatsirana liyenera kuyeretsedwa, kutetezedwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kawiri pa tsiku kuika mzimu pansi pa ma bandage oyera. Sizingatheke kubwezeretsanso mitsempha yowonongeka, koma pali kuthekera koyika mahatchi ndi mphuno pansi ndi chidendene chotawidwa. Iwo amatha kusinthanitsa ziboda ndikuletsa kubwezeretsa.
Zhabka
Imeneyi ndi kukula kozungulira kuzungulira mutu ndipo ndi zotsatira za kuvulala kwakukulu kumene nyamayo inamva pamapazi ake. Pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chimamera, kutentha kumatuluka kumidzi.
Palibe mankhwala a chule. Pewani mkhalidwe wa nyamayo powapatsa mankhwala odana ndi kutupa panthawi yachisokonezo.
Mukudziwa? Hatchi yaikulu padziko lonse lapansi siikhalanso ndi moyo kwa zaka zoposa zana ndi theka. M'zaka za m'ma 1840, hatchi inabadwa ku Bedfordshire, England, yomwe inadzatchedwa Samusoni. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, chimphona ichi chinkalemera matani oposa hafu, ndipo msinkhu wake umafota unali mamita 2 masentimita 20. Mbiri ya woimira Shire izi sizinakanthedwe panobe.
Mokretsy
Mahatchi abulu a mahatchi owala amapezeka nthawi zambiri ndipo amawoneka m'dera lachibwibwi. Moths amatchedwanso squats, maonekedwe awo amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Dermatophilus congolensis tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Khungu lomwe lakhudzidwa limakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, kamene imakuphuka, ikuphulika ndipo imakhala ikuda. Nkhono zimatha, ndipo m'malo mwawo amakhala khungu lofiira lofiira lomwe limasweka pang'onopang'ono. 
Pofuna kupewa zochitika zazing'ono, mahatchi sayenera kuloledwa kumalo ozizira, nthaka yakuda. Ngati mutayesetsabe kuyenda m'tchire, muyenera kutsuka miyendo yanu ndi madzi otentha ndi sopo. Poyambira koyamba, kumakhala kosavuta kuti malo okhudzidwawo asamakhale ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate, kudula ubweya wozungulira pozungulira pakati, kupukuta miyendo ndi kuumitsa ndi Liniment syngomycin.
Ndikofunikira! Pakapita nthawi, kumakhala kosavuta kuika majekeseni a penicillin mkati mwa sabata, 20ml tsiku lililonse. Mphuno zotentha ziyenera kukhala phulusa ndi mafuta a malasha kapena streptocide, ndipo zilonda zamphongo ziyenera kuikidwa pazirombo zochiritsidwa kuti zichiritsidwe mofulumira popanda kupweteka.Zojambula za akavalo ndi nyumba zovuta zochokera ku mafupa, ziwalo, ndi ziboda. Amagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi mwamsanga komanso mopepuka, amachititsa mantha, ndikulola nyamayo kuti ikhale yoyendetsa. Thanzi la miyendo ya kavalo limadalira mtundu wa chisamaliro chake ndi ntchito yake. Nyama zomwe zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri zimakhala ndi kutupa komanso kuvulaza. Malingana ndi izi, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matenda onse a miyendo idzakhale kuti zisawachitikire.
