Kodi kubzala ndi kukula phwetekere "Marusya"

Tomato ndi imodzi mwa masamba otchuka kwambiri m'dera la pakati, choncho ndi kovuta kulingalira wokondwa mwini wa nyumba yachisanu yomwe sangabale zipatso zabwino m'munda wake. Anthu omwe amakonda tomato ngati kirimu ndipo samakonda kupondereza miyoyo yawo ndi zipangizo zamakono a tchire, timapereka chidwi kuti tizisamalira achinyamata, komabe pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yovomerezeka ya "Marusya".

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
• Kukonzekera Mbewu
• Zokhudzana ndi malo
• Njira yobzala mbewu
• Kusamalira mmera
• Kuwaza mbande pansi
• Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda
• Zochitika kunja
• Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
• Kuthirira
• Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
• Masking
• Belt girter
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Ndikoyenera kuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti "Marussia" ndi mtundu, osati wosakanizidwa, ndi omwe amamvetsa kusiyana, zambiri zanenedwa kale.

Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera ku kusankha kwapadera ndi kupweteka kwabwino kwa mtundu wake wonse. Makhalidwe otetezeka m'mitengo yotereyi imakhazikitsidwa (ngati, kuti, silingathe kupukuta mungu), choncho mbewu zoterezi zimatha kukula kuchokera kumbewu zomwe zimatulutsidwa kale. Mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi wofulumira ndipo, monga lamulo, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowoloka mitundu iwiri yosiyana, kuyendetsa zabwino zonse kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Mitengo imeneyi nthawizonse imakhala ikuyerekeza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, kupatula chinthu chimodzi: zinthu zawo zabwino sizina "kulandira," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewuzo ziyenera kugula nthawi iliyonse.

"Marusya" adalandiridwa mwadzidzidzi mu 2007, pamene mwana uyu wa azungu a ku Russia anadutsa kulembedwa kwa boma monga tomato zosiyanasiyana zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa kulima m'minda zapakhomo, komanso pa mafakitale, poyera komanso pansi pa filimu. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zoyenera pafupifupi madera onse apakatikati. Chitsamba chiri chochepa, kuyambira 50 cm kufika 1 mita, chokhazikika (kukula kumatha pambuyo pofika kukula kwake), muyezo, ndiko kuti, osasowa garter. Main kuthawa mmodzi, nthawizina awiri. Mafuta a mtundu wozoloŵera, athutchulidwa mtundu wobiriwira, masamba ndi abwino, panthawi yamaluwa ndi fruiting sizimapanga mthunzi wambiri wa mazira, koma nthawi imodzimodzi amawateteza kuti asatenthe dzuwa.

Kuzindikiritsa mitunduyi imaphatikizaponso tomato "Katyusha F1", "Riddle", "Rio Fuego", "Klusha", "Star ya Siberia", "Raspberry Giant".

The inflorescences ndi yosavuta, burashi yoyamba maluwa imapangidwa pa mlingo wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri ndiyeno pambuyo pa tsamba lililonse kapena ziwiri.

Alimi wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa omwe ali ndi chidwi chokula mosiyanasiyana amadziwa ubwino wake monga:

• wochuluka ndi wosasinthasintha fruiting;
• kukana kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha;
• kulekerera kwa chilala;
• chiwonongeko;
• kuthekera kokolola bwino pamene nyengo ikuyenda bwino komanso chisamaliro chokwanira;
• makhalidwe apamwamba ndi apamwamba a zipatso;
• kuthekera kwa chipatso kwa nthawi yaitali ndikugwiritsitsa nthambi, kusowa chizoloŵezi chogwa;
• zabwino zokolola zokolola;
• palibe vuto ndi garter;
• Kukaniza phwetekere-monga matenda a fungal, monga kulakalaka (wilt) ndi fusarium.

Zina mwa zofooka zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira zokha:

• nthawi yochepa ya fruiting (osapitirira miyezi imodzi ndi theka);
• osati zokolola zochepa.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Malingana ndi kukula kwa zokolola, Marusyu ayenera kuikidwa ngati mitundu yocheperapo: zipatso zoyamba zimawonekera pafupi miyezi itatu ndi hafu pambuyo pa kumera kwa mbande, chifukwa malo otentha ndikumapeto kwa July.

Zipatso zimakhala zooneka ngati maula, zimakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati (60-80 g aliyense) ndi mtundu wokongola wofiira. Kukula maburashi akuluakulu, mpaka tomato khumi. Choncho, mpaka 2 kg ya mbewu akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chilichonse pa nyengo, yomwe, poganizira njira yobzala yobwereza, ili pafupi makilogalamu 7 pa mita iliyonse. m) Zizindikiro zoterezi sizingatchulidwe mbiri, chifukwa, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato imaphatikizapo kutolera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu a chipatso kuchokera ku chitsamba, koma zimapindula ndi mapindu ena a zosiyanasiyana.

Mukudziwa? Tomato a kumtunda (iwo amasungidwa ku South America, kumene chomera ichi chimachokera) ali ndi zipatso zochepa kwambiri - kulemera kwake sikupitirira 1 g. Kuyerekeza: tomato wa chitumbuwa, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri, amalemera magalamu 10 kapena kuposa.

Nyamayi ili ndi zipinda ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi mbewu zingapo. Mnofu ndi wokoma ndipo umakhala wambiri wambiri, panthawi yomweyi, pamwamba pa zinthu zowuma mu phwetekere zimapangitsa kuyenda bwino ndi kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Khungu lodziŵika bwino limateteza zipatso kuti zisagwedezeke, zomwe, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe olondola ndi ofanana, zimapangitsa "zokometsetsa" zimenezi kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pakusankha ndi kupuma.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuphunzira momwe mungamere tomato molingana ndi njira ya Terekhins.

Komabe, maonekedwe abwino kwambiri a Marusia tomato amathandiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana - kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, kapena saladi, kuwonjezera msuzi, stews ndi mbale zina, kuwawombera mu phwetekere, ketchup kapena madzi. Kuonjezera apo, kukula kwake kwazing'ono ndi maonekedwe a tomato ndizobwino zowuma (kuchiza).

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Sikuti aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala mbande payekha. Pachifukwa ichi, mukufunikira malo abwino. Mwamwayi, pali anthu omwe ali okonzeka kutenga ntchitoyi, mwa kuyankhula kwina, mungagule mbande zopangidwa kale. Pankhaniyi, komabe, muyenera kukhala okhutira ndi zosankhidwa zochepa, kuphatikizapo, pali chiwopsezo chogula phwetekere yolakwika yomwe inalengezedwa. Komabe, pankhani ya masamba a pachaka, makamaka osakanizidwa, mbewu zake ndi zodula kwambiri, choncho chiyeso chowatsitsimutsa ndi "chophweka" ndi chachikulu kwambiri, kugula mbande zokonzedwa bwino ndi zomveka.

Ndikofunikira! Musanyengedwe nokha: ndizosatheka kudziwa zosiyanasiyana za phwetekere ndi maonekedwe a mbande! Ndibwino kuti tikambirane za kusiyana pakati pa zomera zamtali (zosadalirika) ndi zochepa (kukula), koma ngakhale panopa, chizindikiro chodalirika chokha ndicho kutalika kwa burashi la maluwa.

Choncho malangizo. Ngati simukudziwa kuti wogulitsayo ndi woona mtima, musamangoganizira zosiyana siyana, sankhani mbande zathanzi, kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

• mbande zonse zikhale ndi kukula kofanana;
• Tchire tiyenera kukhala amphamvu (timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timene timapanga timeneti timene timapanga 4-5mm).
• kutalika kwa msinkhu wa tomato ndi 30 cm, makamaka osachepera;
• Chiwerengero cha masamba enieni chikuchokera pa 6 mpaka 8 (chifukwa cha mitundu yodalirika, miyambo ina ikugwiritsidwa ntchito);
• mtundu wa masamba - mdima wobiriwira, wopanda zizindikiro za chikasu ndi kuuma, kuphatikizapo masamba a cotyledon;
• Ndi bwino kuti maluwa oyambirira a maluwawo abwere kale ku chitsamba (pakati pazinthu zina, n'zotheka kuweruza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere pamalo omwe akuika);
• Mitundu yonse ya chitsamba iyenera kukhala yosasunthika, yosasweka nthambi ndi masamba odulidwa, makamaka zizindikiro zowola, mildew, tsitsi lofiira, tsinde lakuda (musaiwale kuyang'ana masamba mkati, momwemo ndi momwe ziwonetsero zimakhala zobisika);
• Ndi bwino kuti mbande zigulitsidwe pa makapu.

VIDEO: MMENE MUNGASANKHE KUKHALA KWABWINO Simungagule:

• mbande zapamwamba kwambiri (zidzakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa pambuyo pa kuika);
• maluwa, makamaka ndi thumba losunga mazira (panthawi ya maluwa, chomeracho chiyenera kukhala pamalo osatha kuti "aziika patsogolo" pokonzekera zipatso);
• zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri (zikhoza kukhala zovuta kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafa ngati pali chithunzithunzi chozizira mwadzidzidzi, chomwe chimachitika kumapeto);
• Mbeu zowonjezereka ndi masamba a emerald, nthawi zina zimapotoza (ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kukondowetsa ndi nitrates, zomera zotere zimapanga zobiriwira zambiri, koma zimapereka zokolola zochepa);
• Zipatso, zobiriwira ndi masamba obiriwira.

Kusagwirizana kwazomwe zili pamwambapa ndi chomera chimodzi ndi chifukwa choletseratu kugula chinthu chilichonse kuchokera kwa wogulitsa. Imodzi mwazolakwika ndizosankha zomera zathanzi molingana ndi mfundo "yoyipa kwambiri". Mavuto omwe amadziwonetsera okha m'tchire limodzi adzawonekera kwa ena. Koma kenako.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

"Marusya" angakhale bwino kumverera pamchenga wa mchenga kapena kumangokhala osalowerera ndale (pH mlingo uli pakati pa 5-6, koma osapitirira 6.5).

Mukamabzala zomera, acidity ya nthaka imathandiza kwambiri. Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi dothi lotani la dera lanu, tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe nokha momwe mungadziwire.

Okonzeratu bwino kwambiri pa phwetekere ndi awa:

• kabichi, ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu yake (yofiira, yoyera, kolifulawa, Beijing, broccoli, etc.);
• nkhaka, kuphatikizapo mitundu yachilendo (Mexico, Antillean, African, serpentine, yofiira, etc.);
• sikwashi kapena sikwashi;
• chivwende;
• dzungu - mitundu yonse;
• vwende;
• turnip;
• anyezi wobiriwira;
• beet;
• karoti.

Ngati pali mwayi wopatsa mphasa mpumulo, pokhala ndi mizere yowonjezera, mugwiritse ntchito moyenera! Nyerere ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu izi: Maluŵa ake amawombera bwino ndikuwongolera bwino nthaka, ndikudzaza ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe ndi yofunika kuti kukula kwa tomato. Nthawi zina nandolo zimapangidwanso kuti zimangidwe mu kompositi, gwiritsani ntchito ngati mulch kapena kuwonjezera pa feteleza.

Ndikofunikira! Tomato sayenera kubzalidwa pambuyo pa mbeu iliyonse ya banja la Solanaceae (biringanya, mbatata, tsabola (zokoma ndi chilli), tomato).

Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi nthaka kwa tomato ndi bwino kuphika mu kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba pabedi ndi kupanga tebulo la organic feteleza - manyowa kapena manyowa ovunda.

Kumayambiriro kasupe mutangoyamba kubzala, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti zitha kuonjezera "zokometsera" ndi zofunikira zowonjezera mchere, pokhudzana ndi zigawo za potashi ndi phosphorous.

Mavuto akukula

Tomato ndi mbewu zokonda kutentha zomwe zimafunikira kuyatsa bwino kwambiri. Malo osachepera a shaded adzasankhidwa kuti apange chomera ichi, mofulumira tomato adzawoneka wofiira ndipo thupi lawo lidzakhala lokoma.

Kutentha kwa "kutentha" mu tomato zosiyanasiyana ndi motere:

• Kuyambitsa mbewu kumera, mpweya uyenera kutentha mpaka 14-16 ° C;
• Mbeu zabwino zimapangidwa kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 ° C usiku komanso kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 ° C masana;
• zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za kulima pamtunda - 18-20 ° С usiku ndi 20-25 ° С madzulo;
• chitsamba chimasiya kukula ngati kutentha kumadutsa ku +10 ° C;
• maluwa ndi fruiting sangathe kukula bwinobwino pa kutentha kwapansi pansi +15 ° C kapena pamwamba +35 ° C;
• ngati thermometer ikutsikira ku zero, chomera pamtunda chikhoza kufa;
• Komanso, tomato sakonda kusiyana pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha ("Marusya" motere kumasonyeza kukhazikika kwake, koma poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina).

Ponena za chinyezi cha mlengalenga, pano pa phwetekere zizindikiro zomwezo ngati munthu ali omasuka - 45-60%. Pakati pa mvula yambiri (mlengalenga ndi dothi), chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus chimawonjezeka.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Kukula mbatata kunyumba kumakhala kovuta, koma kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo akuluakulu, ndipo "Marussia" adzakuyankhani ndi kukula komanso kolimba.

Onani mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tomato ndi chikasu tomato.

Mbewu ya phwetekere ikukula mofulumira kwambiri, choncho ndi kofunika kuti nthawi yobzala sichifikira kukula kwakukulu. Akatswiri amalangiza kuyamba ntchito masiku 60 asanayambe kukonzekera kumalo otseguka, koma nthawiyi ikhoza kukhala yayitali kwambiri. Zonse zimadalira momwe zinthu zilili ndi kukula kwa mbande. Ngati mungathe kupereka mbande ndi nyengo yabwino ya kutentha ndi dzuwa lambiri, ndi bwino kubwerera m'mbuyo masabata angapo.

Pafupipafupi, muyenera kulingalira kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kukonzekera kwa mbeu yabwino ndi theka la kupambana.

Mbewu ya mbande ingakonzedwe mwachindunji, koma ndi bwino kugula izo mu sitolo yabwino yamtengo wapatali, kumene nkhaniyo yasankhidwa mosamala ndi kukonzekera bwino. Koma ngakhale panopa, mbeu isanayambe kufesa ayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi kutetezedwa ku matenda omwe angathe. Njira yachidule ya disinfection ndiyo kusunga mbewu mu njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 15-20. (nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka mofanana ndi madzi a aloje ndi zina zoteteza mavitamini "zopanga manja"), koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe amakono, monga "Fitosporin".

Pezani mlingo wa mankhwalawa "Fitosporin-M" ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu za m'munda.

Njira yokonza izi sizimagwirizana ndi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wogulitsa mbeu (mosiyana ndi madzi a alowe omwewo); kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amachititsa kuti pakhale zomera zowonjezera ndipo zimakula kwambiri.

Pofuna kuthetsa yankho lanu, gwiritsani ntchito madontho 4 a Fitosporin pa galasi la madzi. Mbeu yokonzedwa imakulungidwa mu gauze ndikuyikidwa mu njira yothetsera tsiku. Pambuyo pake, amafunika kubzalidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa kuyambira kwayamba kuyambanso "kupopera", ndipo ngati mbeuyo sichitha kugwa posachedwa, kamwana kameneka kakamwalira.

Musanayambe kuphera tizilombo, zimathandizanso kuti apeze "zisudzo" zawo, kukana zitsanzo zomwe sizimera. Kuti muchite izi, ingolani zomwe zili m'thumba mu kapu yamadzi, yomwe mchere unayikidwiratu kale. Sakanizani madzi bwinobwino ndipo dikirani mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nthanga zonse zomwe zitatha nthawi yomwe zidzatsimikizidwe zidzakhalabe pamwamba, mukhoza kutaya bwinobwino - ziribe kanthu. Ntchito yotsatira ikuchitika pokhapokha ndi zitsanzo zomwe zagwera pansi.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Mapangidwe abwino kwambiri a mbande zopera - makasitomala apadera, ogulitsidwa mochuluka m'masitolo apadera. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mungagwiritse ntchito matabwa kapena makatoni omwe ali ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 10, koma ndizosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito.

Dziwani zenizeni za mbande zomwe zikukula mu mapiritsi a peat.

Chifukwa chotola, mwachidziwitso, chophimba chachikulu chimakhala chofunika. Momwemonso, zikho za peat, zomwe zimabzalidwa pansi ndi chitsamba, zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito motere, zomwe zimathetsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa mbeu kuti zisinthe malo okhala. Koma ndi okwera mtengo (makamaka ngati pali mbande zambiri), kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makapu osasinthika nthawi zonse ndi zinthu zina zofanana.

Zomwe zimakhazikika pa kukula kwa phwetekere mbande zimati:

• Kuunika kwachilengedwe kwakukulu, ndipo ngati kulibeko - kuyatsa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi nyali yapadera;
• chinyontho chochuluka;
• Kutentha kwakukwanira kokwanira (kutetezedwa bwino kunatchulidwa pamwambapa).

Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya kukula kwa tomato ndi China. Ufumu Wachifumu umakhala pafupifupi 16 peresenti ya mbeu ya phwetekere yomwe imapangidwa padziko lapansi.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Pofuna kulima mbande za phwetekere, mungathe kugula nthaka yosakaniza yokonzekera (ponseponse kapena yapadera kwa mbande), pakadali pano palibe chithandizo choyambirira chofunikira. Ngati munakumba nthaka kwinakwake pamsewu, iyo, ngati mbeu, iyenera kuti iwonongeke. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kutsanulira madzi otentha kapena yankho la potassium permanganate (ena amakonda kupatula nthaka mu uvuni). Njira zoterezi zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu: amapha microflora yonse, yoyipa komanso yothandiza. Choncho, ndibwino kuti mutenge nthaka nthawi yosungirako mbeu, kapena nthawi zambiri, chitani mankhwala osakaniza dothi masabata awiri musanafese mbewu, kuti nthaka ikhale m'malo ozizira.

Njira yobzala ndi iyi. Makapu okonzedwa bwino kapena mabokosi adadzazidwa ndi nthaka ya 2/3, mbeu zamvula zimayikidwa mosamala pamwamba (mungagwiritse ntchito mpeni kapena mankhwala opaka mano), kenako mchere wothira pansi.

Makaseti ndi abwino chifukwa mbewu imodzi imayikidwa mu selo iliyonse. Ngati bokosi likugwiritsidwa ntchito, mbewuzo ziikidwa m'mizera ndi mpata wa 2-4 cm pambali.

VIDEO: MBEWU YA MBEWU Kuchokera pamwamba, nthaka iyenera kuyankhidwa mosamala ndi yokutidwa ndi bokosi la pulasitiki kapena kaseti kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, kenaka amatengeke kupita ku malo okonzedweratu otentha ndi dzuwa.

Kusamalira mmera

Tomato amere mwamsanga. Mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi mutatha kufesa, ndipo patatha masiku angapo ndondomekoyi ikufalikira.

Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kuyamba kukonzekera mphukira za moyo popanda filimu. Muyenera choyamba kuchotsa maola angapo patsiku, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.

Chisamaliro cha mbande chimaphatikizapo kusuntha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikira! Mpaka mbande ziri mwamphamvu, sizingathe kuthiriridwa. Kusuntha kumachitika kokha chifukwa cha kupopera kwapadera kwa dothi, mwinamwake mukhoza kulimbikitsa mbewu kapena kuwononga mizu yofooka.

Ndifunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya sikukwera kwambiri, mwinamwake mbewu zimayamba kukula mwakuya komanso m'tsogolomu zidzakhala zovuta kupulumuka.

Pamene mbande amapanga masamba awiri enieni, osankhidwa amapangidwa. - kubwezeretsanso chitsamba chilichonse kukhala chodepa chokwanira. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi chisamaliro chachikulu, kugwira ngati mpira wautali ngati n'kotheka kuti asawononge mizu (supuni ya tiyi imayenera bwino ngati chida chaichi). Pafupifupi masabata 2-3 isanachitike, mbeu zimayamba kuuma. Poyamba, makapu amabweretsa mpweya masana ndipo amachoka kwa kotala la ora, pang'onopang'ono amawonjezera nthawi yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri, mpaka potsiriza, masiku angapo musanabzala, mbewu sizidzatha usiku wonse pansi pa thambo.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

N'zotheka kubwezeretsa "Marusya" panja pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro za kutentha (masana ndi usana) zikufika pazigawo zofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nthaka ikhale yotentha kwambiri + mpaka 16 ° C mpaka 20-25 masentimita. Kuonjezera apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti usiku wosayembekezereka usiku, ngakhale nthawi yochepa, ingathe kuwononga zitsamba zomwe zakula kale, choncho muyenera kufunsa za musanasankhe chisankho.

Kukonzekera kwa chitsamba kuti aikidwe m'mwamba kumatsimikizirika ndi maonekedwe a burashi loyamba la maluwa, ndipo ndi lofunika kwambiri kuthetsa ndondomekoyi isanayambe kutseguka.

Ngati panthawi yopanga brush pamsewu akadali ozizira kwambiri, phula liyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kubwezeretsa popanda chitsamba kuthengo.

Pofuna kubzala, ndi bwino kusankha tsiku losatentha kwambiri, ndipo ndibwino kuti nyengo yozizira imapitilizabe masiku angapo otsatirawa, pamene tomato aang'ono adzakonzekera.

Ndikofunikira! Anthu amati: kuika matope - udzakhala kalonga! Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti mbande zomwe zimabzalidwa pansi pa kuthira Mvula Mvula, zimakhazikika mwangwiro, ngakhale kuti kuyendetsa ntchito muzochitika zotere ndi kovuta komanso kosasangalatsa.

Mtengo wotsika, koma wobiriwira "Marusya" ukulimbikitsidwa kuti ubzalidwe, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 pakati pa tchire ndi 70-80 masentimita - pakati pa mizere. Pali njira yamakono yatsopano yamakono omwe amatchedwa mabedi akuluakulu, pamene pakati pa mizere imachoka mamita limodzi ndi hafu, koma tchire zimabzalidwa kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti njira imeneyi mukhoza kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri, komanso, chaka chotsatira mungathe kuyika malo ogona pamzere pamzere, choncho, nthaka idzalandira mpumulo wochulukirapo.

Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda

Malinga ndi ubwino wotsutsa wa "Marousi" ayenera kukhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavuto apadera ndi chisamaliro cha tchire. Zomwe zimakhala zofunikira zimaphatikizapo kupangidwe kolondola kwa chitsamba, kuthirira nthawi ndi kudyetsa, komanso kulamulira namsongole, zotheka matenda ndi tizirombo.

Zochitika kunja

"Marusya" ndi yabwino kubzala kuthengo, komanso kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Chosankha, choyamba, chimadalira nyengo yapadera. Kumalo kumene kuli dzuwa ndi kutentha, tomato amapereka zokolola zabwino pansi pa filimuyo, koma kumadera akummwera amaleka zipatso bwino popanda pogona.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Kawirikawiri tomato amakula mwa mbande, koma wamaluwa amatha kusankha chinthu chosavuta. Mbewu ingabzalidwe mwachindunji pansi, koma ziyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi okhawo okhala m'madera omwe malo otentha otentha amatha mokwanira mokwanira. Timawerengera. "Marusya" imayamba kubala chipatso pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4 itatha kumera, pamene mbewu zowera zimayenera kutentha tsiku ndi tsiku zosachepera + 20 ° C komanso kutentha kwa usiku kosachepera 12 ° C (ndipo ngati thermometer ikutsikira pansi pa + 10 ° C, kukula kwake kuima, ndipo phokoso ladzidzidzi la nthaka lidzapha phwetekere kwathunthu). Ngati m'deralo zinthu zoterezi zingaperekedwe ngakhale pakati pa May, mukhoza kuika Marusya pangozi nthawi yomweyo, ngati ayi - alibe nthawi yokonza zipatso asanafike nyengo yozizira.

Njira yamakono yobzala mbewu pamsewu ndi yosiyana ndi kufesa mbande. Pambuyo pofesa, bedi liri ndi filimu komanso kuyang'anitsitsa kumera kumayamba. Zomera zikamapanga masamba awiri enieni, akhoza kuziyika mosamala kumalo osatha mogwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi.

Kuthirira

"Marusya" ikufuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma silingalole madzi ochulukirapo.

Ndikofunikira! Nyamayi iliyonse iyenera kuthiriridwa pokhapokha pansi pazu, kuthira madzi pa masamba sayenera kukhala. Zabwino zomwe zingatheke ndi kupereka ulimi wothirira madzi, zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito madzi ogwiritsira ntchito bwino komanso, motero, mutha kuyamwa pabedi ngakhale tsiku lotentha, lomwe limathetsedwa ndi madzi okwanira.

Ndikofunikanso kuti madzi akudiririra asakhale ozizira kwambiri, akhoza kudabwitsa mtengo, makamaka ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu, komwe kumapangitsa kusiyana. Monga mukudziwa, chimfine cha munthu pa khungu ndi chochepetsedwa, chomwecho chikuchitika ndi mizu. Zotsatira zake, zimangowonjezera chinyezi, ndipo, kuthirira sikukwaniritsa cholinga chake.

Matenda amafunika kuthiriridwa ngati dothi lolimba limatuluka, nthawi zonse zimadalira nyengo (nyengo yamvula, kuthirira kumatha kuimitsidwa kwathunthu, pamapeto otentha - m'malo mwake, mphamvu yake iyenera kuwonjezeka).

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Pofuna kuti dothi lozungulira mmera lisakhazikike, mutatha kuthirira ayenera kumasulidwa. Ngati kuthirira kumachitika mu njira yochepa, palibe chifukwa chotero, chomwe sichichotsa vuto la udzu, chomwe chimangowonjezera nthaka, kukopa zakudya zomwe zili mmenemo, koma nthawi zambiri zimanyamula matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda a nyemba amatha kuthetseratu poyika mulungu pazomera, mulch, kuwonjezera, kudziteteza kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera pansi pa nthaka ndi kuchepetsa kuyanika kwake.

Masking

Marusya, monga tomato ambiri osadziwika bwino, sali nthambi kwambiri, komabe amaluwa ambiri amavomereza kuti kuchotsa nthawi yowonongeka (stepsons) kumawonjezera zokolola za zosiyanasiyana. Koma ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha: nthambi zomwezo zomwe ziri pansi pa burashi yoyamba ya maluwa ziyenera kukonzedwa motere, mphukira zina zonse zatsala kuti zitha kukhazikika.

Phunzirani zambiri za kuyika tomato kumunda.

Belt girter

Wachifundo "Marusya" sasowa thandizo lalikulu. Koma pamene chitsamba chiyamba kubala chipatso, makamaka ngati chisamaliro cholondola chaonetsetsa kuti kupindula kwakukulu, poyerekeza ndi kilogalamu imodzi kulemera kwake kwa zipatso, chipatso chingayambe kugwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndi bwino kumupatsa chithandizo chamakono kwambiri. Ngati mulibe tomato, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mumangirire khola laling'ono pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse (mpaka pamwamba pa phwetekere kapena pang'ono) ndipo mutumikire mosamala mtengowo pa 2/3 pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamene kubzala misala, ndi bwino kupatsa kansalu kosakanikirana (zothandizira zazikulu zimayendetsedwa pamphepete mwa mabedi, ndipo waya umatambasula pakati pawo, kumene nthambi zimayambira kapena fruiting).

Kupaka pamwamba

Kupaka zovala zapamwamba ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kusamalira tomato.

Ndikofunikira! Nyamayi iliyonse imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake imayenera kupindula nthawi zonse kuti mbewuyo ikule bwino.

Kudyetsa mbande yoyamba kumachitika patangotha ​​masabata awiri mutabwerera pansi. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi kale, kuti musatenthe mizu yachinyamata.

Monga feteleza pa siteji iyi, zinthu zakuthupi ndizoyenera - mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame.

Pambuyo masiku khumi, chovala chotsatira chikuchitika, nthawi iyi feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito - nayitrogeni, phosphate ndi potashi feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kukonzekera chisakanizo cha:

• ammonium nitrate (25 g);
• superphosphate (60 g);
• mchere wa potaziyamu (15 g);
• boric acid (1 g).

Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira 10 malita a madzi.

VIDEO: NJIRA YOTHANDIZA KUKHALA PA MAVUTO Komanso fetereza imapangidwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, komabe, feteleza a nayitrogeni ayenera kutulutsidwa, chifukwa amachititsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe obiriwira, omwe amatenga mphamvu zonse zakutchire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwakukulu.

Tikukupemphani kuti mudyetse tomato ndi yisiti.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Kukaniza "Marousi" ku matenda oopsa kwambiri a fungayi ndi osatsutsika, koma pofuna kupewa, ndibwino kuti tipeze tchire ndi "Fitosporin", yomwe, kuphatikizapo zozizira zake, imatetezeranso zomera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya.

Zowopsa kwambiri kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ziyenera kutchedwa slugs, whitefly ndi akangaude. Dothi, fodya, sopo, ndi phulusa (matabwa, monga chlorophos, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha) amatha kulimbana ndi slugs, Konfidor akhoza kuthana ndi whiteflies, ndipo Karbofos amathandiza ndi ma whitules.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Ngakhale kuli masiku ofunda pabwalo, palibe mafunso ndi nthawi yokolola ya tomato: tomato amachotsedwa akakhala ndi zofiira. Monga lamulo, tikudikirira mpaka phwetekere ikhale yofiira, kenako imachotsedwe ku sprig.

Koma pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, lamulo ili limatha kuchitapo kanthu. Matatato onse, mosasamala kanthu kwa kucha kwake, ayenera kuchotsedwa ku tchire musanafike chisanu choyamba, mwinamwake mbewu idzatayika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tomato wobiriwira amatha kukhwima kunyumba (izi ndizo makamaka zipatso za "mtundu wofiira", ndiko kuti, zomwe zayamba kuwala), kuwonjezera apo, ndizokonzekera bwino pokonzekera nyengo yozizira. "Marusya", chifukwa cha khungu lobiriwira, amasungidwa bwino, koma zipatso zabwino zakupsa, akadali nthawi yochepa kwambiri, masiku khumi, ndiyeno ngati ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Koma tomato wobiriwira ukhoza kukhala motalika - kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka miyezi iwiri.

Mukudziwa? Asayansi a ku France kwa nthawi yaitali amayesedwa kuyesera, cholinga chake chinali kudziwa momwe zingakhalire zosungirako tomato. Chifukwa chake, zotsatirazi zinakhazikitsidwa. Zosakaniza zomwe zimapereka fungo lapadera la phwetekere zimangowonongeka mofulumira m'chipinda chozizira (kutentha kwa madigiri angapo pamwamba pa zero), koma pa -20 ° C sizitetezedwa kokha, koma zikupangidwanso. Ichi n'chifukwa chake tomato sayenera kusungidwa m'firiji.

Pofuna kusunga nthawi yokolola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

• samanyowa tomato asanayambe kusunga;
• gwiritsani ntchito milandu yamatabwa kapena pulasitiki yosungirako;
• onetsetsani "mbulu" ya tomato mmwamba, ngati n'kotheka, pamodzi umodzi, ndipo pakati pa zipatso zikhale zouma zoumba kapena peat;
• Musanagone, chotsani pedicel ku chipatso;
• sungani mabokosi ofunda.

Chinsinsi china. Ngati mukufuna kuchakitsa mkaka kapena tomato wofiira, amafunika kuikidwa pafupi ndi zipatso zofiira, zomwe zili ndi katundu wodabwitsa kuti zikhale zofiira za "oyandikana nawo".

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Agrotechnical kulima "Marousi" sivuta kwambiri, mavuto onse omwe angabwere kuchokera kwa woyang'anira minda yachangu, ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mitundu yonse ya tomato. M'munsimu muli ena mwa mavutowa, komanso ndondomeko zowononga.

Tomato "Marusya" - yabwino kwambiri kwa chilimwe. Mbewu yopanda ulemu komanso yosadulidwa imapereka zakudya zabwino kwambiri za phwetekere zokoma, zomwe zimayenerera mchere watsopano wa chilimwe, komanso kuti zikhale zokoma m'nyengo yozizira.