Ambiri wamaluwa amalima maluwa pa ziwembu zawo. Chikondi chake pa njira yosavuta yopita ndi kusamalidwa mosavuta. Koma musaiwale za zinthu za agrotechnics za mitundu iyi. Ngati muwona zofunikira za kubzala ndi kusamalira, kakombo sangadwale matenda kapena tizilombo toononga.
Mbali zamaluwa maluwa
Lily ndi chomera chosatha, koma kuti icho chiphuke chaka chilichonse, muyenera kuchibwezeretsa zaka zitatu iliyonse.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa ena a kakombo amasungidwa zaka 10 zilizonse. Mitundu ya Asia, mosiyana, imafunika kubzala chaka chilichonse.
Kusindikiza maluwa mu autumn kapena masika. Koma mitundu ya maluwa nthawi yake ndi yosiyana, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana pa iwo. Kugwa, mababu a kakombo ali pamtunda, ndipo kotero izo zidzakhala zabwino kuti muwabwezeretse iwo. Ngati maluwa ali oyambirira, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzichita kumayambiriro kwa nyundo. Dziko lidzakhalabe lotenthetsa, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kuti maluwa asinthe. Kuwombera mu kugwa kuli kosavuta kusiyana ndi masika.
Musamabwezeretse maluwa pambuyo pa September. Mababu sangathe kukhazikika ndi kutha.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musamalire maluwa mpaka kuzizira, ndiye kuti babu ikhale yolimba, ndipo m'chilimwe mbewuyo idzakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa ake. Kukonzekera kwa kusindikiza kasupe ndi motere:
- kukumba mababu mu kugwa ndikuyika mu thumba ndi mpweya wabwino;
- jambulani mababu ndi mafano osakaniza;
- Sungani thumba la anyezi mu firiji.
Kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, kudzakhala koyenera kudzala mababu pansi. Njira yowonjezera ndiyo yabwino kwambiri kwa inu, musankhe nokha, koma wamaluwa ambiri amadziwa kuti maluwa omwe amawunikira mu kasupe amakula bwino kuposa omwe amawunikira m'dzinja. Mukawona kuti kakombo samasamba, ndiye nthawi yoti muikemo. Mukachita izi, kutsatira malamulo onse, chaka chotsatira kakombo wanu adzakukondani ndi maluwa.
Kodi chisamaliro ndi choyenera?
Kusamalira kakombo ndi nkhani yosavuta. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuthirira madzi maluwa ndikumasula malo pa tsamba. Onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekera dothi lopalesedwa. M'dzinja pa webusaiti yopanga humus ndi udzu, ndikuphimba malo otsetsereka. M'chaka musanadzalemo mababu kuti mupange mchere feteleza. Pofuna kumasula malo omwe maluwa amabzalidwa ayenera kukhala osamala kuti asawononge mababu awo.
Mukaona kuti dziko lapansi lakhala lamphamvu kwambiri, lizani ndi mchenga wambiri. Izi zimathandiza kumasula. Musaiwale kudula maluwa nthawi ndi moyenera, kuchotsani maluwa osweka ndi mabokosi. Masamba a shrunken ndi zimbudzi ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisalowemo. Pakuti bouquets wa maluwa, kudula diagonally kuti otsala tsinde chimakwirira masamba. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa kuzizira nyengo, kudula mapesi kuti pansi msinkhu.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo tambiri ta maluwa
Alimi ambiri akukumana ndi kulima maluwa ndi vuto monga tizirombo. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi za ngale yamchere, mbatata za mbatata, bulbous crystal kafadala, ndi zina zotero. Kuchulukitsa tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi: Kuwomba mababu musanadzale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena potaziyamu permanganate, kupewa nthawi yamaluwa, nthawi yothetsa namsongole, zouma maluwa ndi masamba.
Lily akuuluka
Ntchentche imayang'ana bwino pa kakombo chifukwa cha mtundu wake wofiira. Amaika mazira kuyambira April mpaka September. Ntchentche ndi mphutsi zake zimadyetsa masamba, maluwa ndi mabokosi a maluwa, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zomera. Pyrethroids (Fastek, Karate, Decis, Antizhuk) amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi ntchentche yotchedwa lily. Processing iyenera kubwerezedwa mu masabata awiri.
Mbatata zambiri
Zowopsa kwambiri kwa maluwa mbatata amawombera. Mbozi ndi yofiira, ndipo mazira ake ali namsongole wamsongole ndi tirigu. Ikhoza kuyenda pa maluwa kuchokera kumsongole omwe amakula pafupi. Mbozi imadya mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera mkati, duwa limatha ndipo limatha. Mukhoza kumenyana nayo ndi nthawi yoyendetsa udzu.
Anyezi a mite
Nkhupakupa, kukula kwake komwe ndi 1 mm yokha, imayambitsa vuto losawonongeka kwa mababu a kakombo. Amadya mamba ya bulbu, yomwe imayambitsa. Mabala a kakombo amatembenukira chikasu ndikufa, amasiya kukula. Pang'onopang'ono, mite imafalikira ku mababu ena kudutsa m'nthaka, moteronso zomera zonse za anyezi zili ndi kachilomboka. Mungathe kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kukumba ndi kuwononga mababu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Pofuna kuthira, musanadzalemo, mababu ayenera kugwira ntchito yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena "Karbofos", owazidwa ndi choko.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chiwembu cha munda wanu chikadakhala ndi mite, musamere mabomba kwa zaka 3-4 mpaka zitatha.
Aphid ndi kangaude
Aphid ndi tizilombo tochepa koma koopsa. Nsabwe za m'masamba pa maluwa zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisawonongeke, kuzidya komanso kudwala matenda opatsirana. Mukhoza kuchotsa ndi kupopera kakombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nkhumba zimamwa madzi kuchokera ku zomera, zomwe masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, amakhala ndi kangaude ndi zouma. Lily akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka mite kuchokera ku zipatso za zipatso kapena mabulosi omwe amakula pafupi. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuteteza tizirombo, nkofunika kuti tisamamwe maluwa okha, komanso tchire ndi mitengo yambiri.
Beetle
Mdani woopsa kwambiri wa maluwa ndi kachilomboka kameneka. Koma ndi mphutsi yowopsya kwambiri. Iwo ali okonda kwambiri. Chirombochi ndi mphutsi zake zimadya masamba a maluwa ndipo zimanyamula mavairasi osiyanasiyana. Njuchi yamphongoyi imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, choncho ndibwino kuti iwonongeke mwakachetechete. Samalani: ngati kachilomboka kamatayika, kamangokhala ngati kakufa, kutembenukira kumbuyo kwake, ndipo popeza mimba yake ili yakuda, n'zovuta kuipeza pansi.
Chithandizo cha matenda
Lily ali ndi matenda, ndipo chithandizo chawo chimatengera kupewa nthawi yake. Wamasamba aliyense ayenera kudziwa zomwe maluwa ndi njira zopezera matendawa zikudwala. Musanayambe mababu muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosagonjetsedwa. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchita mankhwala osokoneza bongo pokhapokha ngati mukuganiza kuti zowola. Dulani nthaka musanadzalemo.
Mmene angachiritse fusarium
Fusarium imakhudza mizu ya kakombo. Mukawona kuti nsonga za masambawo zakhala zachikasu, tsinde la tsinde likuvunda, ndipo chomera chayamba kuuma - ichi ndi fusarium. Kulimbana nalo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito laimu-fluff kapena phulusa. Sulani zomera ndi Topsin-M kapena Readzole. Ngati zomera zakhudzidwa kwathunthu, ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Bakiteriya zowola
Mukawona mawanga a dzimbiri pazitsamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, izi zikutheka kuti bakiteriya zowola. Ngati simukulimbana ndi matendawa, masambawo amayamba kufa, maluwawo amatha, ndipo kakombo kadzauma. Pofuna kulimbana ndi zowola, gwiritsani ntchito phosphate kapena feteleza feteleza, gwiritsani ntchito phulusa, pangani chomera ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, Readzole kapena Benomil.
Mukudziwa? Matenda ndi tizirombo zambiri zingatengedwe kuchokera ku zomera zoyandikana kapena namsongole. Pofuna kuteteza, si bwino kupopera maluwa okha, komanso malo ozungulira iwo.
Mizu yovunda
Mavunda a mizu amenya mababu a kakombo. Iwo ali ndi bulauni mawanga, chomera chimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba akugwa. Pang'onopang'ono phesi la kakombo limauma. Polimbana ndi matendawa, mosamala kusankha kusabisa zakuthupi, mankhwalawa ndi calloid sulfure ndikuchitira mababu asanadzalemo. Mitengo yoonongeka iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwonongedwa.
Penicillosis
Pamene peniciplosis mu lily peduncles akuvunda, maluwa ndi mababu amadzala ndi zobiriwira. Ichi ndi matenda owopsa komanso ofala a bulbous onse. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, ndi bwino kupopera zomera ndikupaka mababu ndi fungicides. Mitengo ya kachilomboyo imachotsedwa pa tsamba ndikuwonongeka kuti matendawa asafalikire ku maluwa abwino. 
Matenda a chiwindi
Ndikovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi matenda a tizilombo kuposa ma fungal. Zili zovuta kuchiza ndi kuzipeza. Matenda a chiwindi amanyamula ndi tizilombo komanso ndi zipangizo zam'munda. Ambiri ndi awa:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya HIV - yofalitsidwa kuchokera ku tulips. Amasiyana ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa maluwa. Ikhoza kunyamula aphid;
- rosette - kuchedwa kukula kwa maluwa kuwombera, opunduka tsinde, wokhotakhota ndi wachikasu masamba. Chotsitsa chachikulu ndi aphid;
- zithunzi - mawanga ndi mikwingwirima pa masamba.
Pofuna kupeĊµa matenda ndi mavairasi a zomera zonse, choyamba, munthu ayenera kumvetsera makina awo ndi kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kupewa Matenda
Pofuna kupewa matenda onse a maluwa, yang'anani zomera kusintha mtundu wa masamba, zimayambira ndi maluwa. Mukawona kuti kakombo kasintha maonekedwe ake (mawanga amaoneka pa maluwa, akuphuka pa masamba a kakombo, zimayambira zimagwedezeka, chomera chimapangidwa ndi mabubu, kakombo sichimasintha, etc.), kuchotsani chomeracho mwamsanga. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mukatha kugwira ntchito ndi zomera zowononga. Kodi matenda opweteka.
Ndikofunikira! M'kupita kwa nthawi, chitetezo cha matenda chidzakuthandizani kuteteza kakombo ku matenda. Yang'anirani mosamala bwino zokolola kuti muwonongeke.
Choncho, kuti lily likhale lokondweretsa iwe ndi maluwa okongola chaka chilichonse, sunadwale matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, muyenera kuyisamalira. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza apamwamba ndi mankhwala, musaiwale za kuziyika kwa maluwa ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa maluwa. Ngati mukuyesetsa kupewa matenda ndi kusamalira maluwa pakapita nthawi, adzakuthokozani, kukongoletsa malo ndi maluwa abwino.
