Momwe mungabzalale tsabola komanso malamulo

Pepper ndi mtundu wamtundu wa herbaceous wapachaka wabanja laling'ono. Dziko lakwawo ndi America ndi lotentha. Dzinalo Lachilatini Capsicum limachokera ku mawonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo mwa mawonekedwe a thumba. Pali ena ambiri: capicum wapachaka, paprika. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowawa komanso zowawa, mwachitsanzo, Chibugariya.

Pepper: Yofunika pa Kukula

Kubzala tsabola, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kumafunikira njira yosamala komanso yabwino. Chomera chakum'mwera ichi chimakonda kutentha kwambiri ndipo mumsewu wapakati mutha kulandira mbewu nthawi zambiri pokhapokha ngati mukugunda. Chofunikira ndi maola masana, ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 12. Izi zithandiza kuti zipatso zambiri zikhale zoyambirira.

Kusankha tsabola

Kusankha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kulimidwa sikuyenera kumangotengera kukoma kwa chipatso, komanso cholinga chawo. Ngati tsabola akukonzekera kudyedwa mwatsopano, ndiye kuti zipatso zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi makoma owoneka ndizoyenera. Pazopota zozizira, ndibwino kuti musankhe zing'onozing'ono komanso zowonda.

Vutoli linanso ndi gawo loyandikira. Mwachitsanzo, ku Urals mothandizidwa ndi othandizira amakono: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafilimu ndi polycarbonate, zokolola zambiri zimatheka. Kukula ngakhale mochedwa mitundu yachilendo. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musankhe tsabola woyambirira komanso wapakatikati. Masamba otsika ndi oyenera kutalika m'malo ozizira.

Pothana ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu iliyonse ndikuwona kusankha, tebulo likuthandizani:

Mukabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuwabzala kumadera akutali a dimba kapena kuwagawa ndi mbewu zina zazitali, monga tomato kapena chimanga. Izi ndichifukwa chosintha mwachangu mungu kuchokera ku tchire lina kupita ku ena.

Kukula mbande

Madera akumwera, ndibwino kubzala mbewu theka lachiwiri la Januware. M'malo okhala ndi nthawi yachisanu, kufesa koyambirira kumachedwetsa kukhazikika kwa tchire ndi mapangidwe a m'mimba mwake. Kupatula apo, masamba oyamba amakula kokha ndikubwera kwa dzuwa. Nthawi yoyenera zigawo zakumpoto ndizoFebruary.

Musanadzale nthangala za tsabola, muyenera kukonzekera kaye:

• Mankhwala obzala ndi yankho la manganese kapena 1% ayodini kwa mphindi 30 ndikutsuka.
• Gwira kwa mphindi 20 m'madzi pa kutentha kwa +53 ° C. Njira ina yowetsere mbewu mu njira ya Epin-yowonjezera.
• Konzani mumbale ndi kupita kumera m'malo otentha, mutha kuphimba ndi nsalu yonyowa.

Zonsezi zimakupatsani mwayi wophukira mwachangu mkati mwa masiku awiri.

Gawo lotsatira ndi chisakanizo cha dothi lothira mchere kuchokera kumchenga, nthaka ndi humus pamlingo wa 1: 1: 2. Njira yosavuta ndikusakaniza gawo limodzi la peat ndi dothi lomwe limatengedwa pabedi. Pankhaniyi, kupha tizirombo toyamwa ndi madzi otentha kapena kuwala kwa pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndizovomerezeka. Chowonjezera chabwino chimakhala phulusa, pa 1 makilogalamu a gawo limodzi 1 tbsp. l kapena m'chiyerekezo cha 1:15.

Kuzama koyenerera kwa mbewu ndi 1-1,5 cm, kuwapanga pansi ndikosavuta ndi ndodo kapena kumbuyo kwa pensulo. Tchuthi tating'ono sitilekerera kutola, timakhala ndi mizu yofooka, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuwabzala mwachangu kapena makapu apulasitiki kamodzi. Dengalo ndi 8-10 masentimita, ndibwino kuti musatenge zazikulu, izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi apadera pacholinga ichi, amatha kugula ku malo ogulitsira limodzi ndi ma pallets.

Ngati chisankhochi chimapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi mbale yokulirapo, ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pa maenje omwe ali ndi njere ndi theka la masentimita 5. Pambuyo pakuyika ndikuwaza ndi lapansi pamwamba, chodzalacho chiyenera kuthiriridwa. Kuti muchepetse kumera, mumafunikira mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa, ikani polyethylene pamwamba. Pambuyo pakuwoneka mbande, pogona pamafunika kuchotsedwa, apo ayi mbandezo zimaphukira ndi kufooka.

Tisaiwale za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kutentha ndi nthawi yomwe maonekedwe akufalikira: pamtengo wokwera kwambiri + 36 ... +40 ° C, mbewu sizingamere. Ngati thermometer itagwa pansi pa +19 ° C, zinthu zodzala zimangovunda.

Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mbande, mitengo yabwino yamatenthedwe: masana + 26 ... +28 ° C, ndi usiku + 10 ... +15 ° C.

Kutsirira kumakhala kokhazikika, masiku onse a 1-2, m'mawa kapena madzulo. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Madzi, makamaka poyamba, amatentha + 25 ... 30 ° C. Nthawi zina, kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino wa oxygen, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi lakuya masentimita 5,6.

Munthawi ya kukula ndi kukula kwa mbande, mavalidwe atatu apamwamba amafunikira:

• Patatha masiku 14 kuchokera ku mbuto yoyamba: 1 tbsp. l urea wa malita 10.
• Yachiwiri imayambitsidwa pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu.
• Masiku angapo asanagulitsidwe kumalo okhazikika.

Kukula pofesa mbewu panthaka, ngakhale kum'mwera, sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kufooka ndi zipatso zazifupi.

Njira ina yachilendo ndikumera mbewu mu nkhono. Dzinali lidayamba chifukwa cha mzere wowonda wa polypropylene wopindidwa mu mawonekedwe a spiral 15-18 cm. Pamunsi pake pamakhala dothi kapena zosakaniza ndi michere ndi mbewu za tsabola zomwe zimayikidwa pa nsalu yonyowa.

Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena dothi

Tsabola ndi chomera chakumwera, chomwe chimakonda nyengo yotentha komanso kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ozizira, ndibwino kuti mulimike mbewuyi mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ili ndi mwayi wopanga malo abwino okukula ndi kutukula, komanso kupeza zipatso zambiri. Malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro ndi ofanana pakugwiritsa ntchito mkati komanso kunja.

Kubzala tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mutha kumuyika mbande za tsabola mu filimu kapena wowonjezera kutentha kwagalasi. Pulasitiki ya polycarbonate yadzionetsera yokha bwino, yolimba, ndikutsitsa kuwala, komanso kutentha kwamphamvu.

Madeti obzala tsabola mu greenhouse malinga ndi kalendala ya Lunar 2019 - Meyi 14-16, Juni 6.

Zoyenera kwambiri kuti mbewu zikule bwino m'malo otsekedwa ndi:

• Nthaka yokhala ndi michere yokhala ndi mafinya osakhala ndi pH 6-7.
• Kuwala kokwanira, izi zimakhudza kwambiri zipatsozo. Zomera zocheperapo komanso mtunda wotalika pakati pa tchire.
• Kutentha kwakanthawi: + 23 ... +26 ° C.
• Kutonthoza chinyezi 70-75%.

Kubzala tsabola wakunja

Madeti obzala mbande za pepala panthaka malinga ndi kalendala ya Lunar 2019 - June 11-12.

Kupambana pakupeza zokolola zambiri za mbewuyi zimadalira makamaka pakusankhidwa kwa tsamba. Iyenera kukhala kama wokhala ndi dzuwa lokwanira ndi chitetezo chokwanira.

Ndikwabwino kubzala tsabola pambuyo kabichi, nyemba kapena nkhaka. Ngati pamalo omaliza awa atakula: tomato, mbatata ndi biringanya, ndiye muyenera kusankha ina chifukwa cha bacteria ndi tizirombo tomwe timasungidwa m'nthaka.

Kukonzekera dothi losankhidwa kumayamba mu kugwa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa maudzu onse, magawo otsala a mbewu zina ndi kukumba pansi. Zitatha izi, manyowa:

• kawiri superphosphate 50 g;
• phulusa 70-75 g;
• humus 5-10 kg;
• Chapakatikati - feteleza wovuta.

Asanabzike mu Meyi, nthaka imayenera kumasulidwa ndikugulidwamo pang'ono. Malamulo osamalira omwe ali otsalira ndi omwewo ndi malingaliro a malo obiriwira.

Mukasinthira mbewu zazomera m'nthaka, kuziika ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisaononge mizu yake. Ndikwabwino kuchotsa chitsamba chaching'ono ndi dothi lapansi. Kuya kwa dzenje ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa mphika komwe tsabola udakula. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala 30-40 cm, mutha kupanga mizere kapena malo mu cheke. Ndikofunikira kuzama mmera kuti pakati panu pakhale masentimita awiri. Njira iyi imachitidwa bwino kwambiri m'mawa kapena madzulo pakakhala kuti dzuwa silikugwira ntchito kwambiri.

Pepper Care

Kusamalira kwakukulu kwa tchire la tsabola mutabzala kulora munthawi yake, kumasula nthaka, kuthilira nthawi zonse ndi kuthira feteleza nthawi zina m'moyo wa mbewu. Ndikofunikanso kupanga mapangidwe a chitsamba ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, konzani zothandizirazi, popeza mitundu yayitali ndiyofunika kumangiriza. Zonsezi zidzachulukitsa zipatso.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Chomera chimakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse, mutha kuchita kamodzi m'masiku asanu m'mawa. Kuchuluka kwamadzi pachitsamba chokulirapo ndi malita awiri, ndipo imodzi ndikwanira chomera chaching'ono. Madzi abwino ndi mvula kapena otentha, ndipo madzi ampopi nawonso ndi oyenera, omwe amayenera kutetezedwa masana. Kutsirira ndikwabwino pafupi ndi mizu, kupewa chinyezi pambale ya masamba.

Mukukula mu greenhouse mutatha kunyowetsa gawo lapansi, mpweya wabwino uliwonse uyenera kuchitidwa, komabe, kusanja kuyenera kupewedwa. Mu nyengo yotentha, gawo lophimba la kanema limatha kuchotsedwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba a mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka zimachitika katatu:

• Masabata awiri mutabzala, ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa ndowe zochotseredwa pamiyeso ya 1:20. Pamtengo uliwonse, malita 1-2 amafunikira.
• Pakuwonekera kwa thumba losunga mazira: mullein sitimadzipereka ndi madzi 1:10. Mutha kuthira manyowa ndi phulusa kapena 1 litre kuwonjezera 6 g ya superphosphate, 2 g wa potaziyamu ndi 1 g wa ammonium nitrate.
• Kumayambiriro kwa zokolola, Chinsinsi ndichofanana ndi chinthu choyamba.

M'pofunika kuyandikira zakudya zowonjezera chakudya mosamala; kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwakazinthu kukuwoneka ngati chitsamba:

Kumasuka

Pambuyo pa tsiku, kumasula nthaka ndikudula namsongole ndikulimbikitsidwa. Kuti pakhale ngalande, kutseka kwadothi komanso kuteteza chinyontho, mulch kuchokera ku utuchi, kompositi kapena humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudula ndi kuchotsa udzu kumathandiza kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo komanso kupewa matenda oyamba ndi matenda owopsa.

Ma Bush mapangidwe

Nthawi yamasamba, ndikofunikira kudula ma tchire kangapo. Amachita izi kuti athe kuthana ndi madera akuda ndi omata, komanso mphukira zazitali kwambiri. Mwa mitundu yambiri, ndikofunikira kuchita kutsina: mphukira ndi masamba omwe ali pansi pazenera zazikulu zimachotsedwa. Ngati sichoncho 2, koma zimayambira 3 zimatuluka, ndiye kuti chachitatu chikuyenera kuchotsedwanso. Nthawi zambiri, mapangidwe a chitsamba amachitika mutakolola zipatsozo kapena masiku 10 aliwonse. Mitundu yotsika komanso ya haibridi nthawi zambiri safuna kudulira.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi, muyenera kuyimitsa kukula kwa tchire ndikudina zitsamba ndikungosiya thumba losunga mazira, ndipo masamba onse ayenera kudulidwa. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muthe kupeza tsabola wokulirapo wokhala ndi nthawi yakucha pofika Seputembala.

Chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa zipatso zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndikusiya kwambiri kumatchi olimba ndikuchepetsa chiwerengerocho pochotsa maluwa osawoneka bwino pazofowoka. Komanso, pachomera chilichonse chomwe chimapangidwa mu foloko, mwana wosabadwa amapangidwa yemwe amapanga chinthu - choletsa. Ngati mukufuna tsabola wokulirapo kapena mbewu zanu kuti mubzale, zimasiyidwa ndikuchotsedwa pamalopo kuti mumapeza zazing'ono.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Pepper ndi mbewu yopanda matenda. Komabe, ngati chisamaliro sichinatengedwe, amadzagwidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo, popanda thandizo kwa mlimiyo, ngakhale kufa. Sankhani moyenera matendawo pazizindikiro zoyambirira ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera chithandizira tebulo:

A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: njira yaulesi yolira tsabola

Mutha kukula tsabola ndi njira yaulesi, yomwe sizitenga nthawi yambiri ndikuchita khama. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ena:

• Kufesa mbewu zochokera pakuwala kwa chipindacho. Ndi dzuwa lokwanira: kumapeto kwa Marichi - kuyambira Epulo. Pazenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo: masiku omaliza a February kapena masiku oyamba a Marichi.
• Kuti kumera bwino, mbewuzo ziyenera kunyowa.
• Nthaka yachonde: pachidebe cha dziko lapansi 1/3 cha manyowa ndi kapu ya phulusa. Gawo logulika ndiloyeneranso.
• Kutola kumachitika pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba owona owona m'matumba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi nthaka kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6.
• Pa kukula kwa mbande, feteleza uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito katatu.
• Posachedwa ndi pakati pakubwezeretsa mitundu iyenera kuvulidwa pamlingo wa masamba asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Njirayi ithandiza nthambi za mbande ndikusintha ndikasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika. Komabe, njirayi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo a mbande. Izi zikuthandizira kuti mbeu izipezeka nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
• Kusunthira kudera lotseguka kumachitika pambuyo pa Juni 10, ndipo pansi pa kanema mkati mwa Meyi.
• Poyamba, mulching nthaka. Gawo - 5-6 masentimita kuchokera ku udzu, humus, masamba.
• Zipatso zimayenera kuchotsedwa pomwe zimacha osati kuzimiririka kumatchire.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yoposa 1,500 ya tsabola. Izi zimathandiza kuti wamaluwa asankhe njira yoyenera yomera poyera komanso potentha. Kukwaniritsa malingaliro omwe akufuna kuti mbewu izisamalira, ndikosavuta kupeza chofunikira komanso chochuluka.