Cosmea ndi msipu wokhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi maluwa owala bwino. Ndi gawo la banja la a Astrov. M'mayiko ambiri, mabedi a maluwa okongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cosmea kwazaka zambiri, koma adapezedwa koyamba ku Central ndi South America. Palibe zodabwitsa cosmea amatchedwanso "aster wa ku Mexico", "cosmos", "chokongoletsera", "kukongola". Chomera chosawerengeka komanso chowala ichi ndichabwino kwambiri kwa alimi osadziwa kapena otanganidwa. Mitundu ina yozizira imakwanitsa bwino kum'mwera, koma pakati pa Russia, cosmea nthawi zambiri imakhala yolima pachaka, kusintha maluwa ake chaka chilichonse.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Cosmea ndi udzu pachaka kapena osatha wokhala ndi masamba owonda, okhala ndi nthambi zambiri kutalika kwake. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 50-150. Mphukirayo imakutidwa ndi khungu lowoneka bwino wobiriwira wokhala ndi madontho ofiira. Masamba otseguka otsutsa amakula pamwamba pake, omwe, limodzi ndi zimayambira, amapanga chitsamba chamtundu wofana ndi chofewa chobiriwira. Gawo la masamba loyandikana ndi phesi lalitali limakhala lozungulira komanso lakuthwa kolowera kapena loonda, lofanana ndi singano zofewa.
Maluwa a cosmea amayamba mu June ndipo amapitilira mpaka chisanu choyamba. Kumpoto kwa njirazi ndi corymbose kapena mantha inflorescence. Duwa lirilonse ndi basiketi ya inflorescence yotalika masentimita 6 mpaka 6. Ili ndi malo otetemera a maluwa amtundu wakuda kapena wakuda. Ma anthers amatuluka pamwamba pake. Pakatikati pakhoza kukhala lathyathyathya kapena lozungulira. Imakonzedwa ndi mizera imodzi kapena zingapo za maluwa abango okhala ndi miyala yagolide, yofiyira, yoyera, yapinki kapena yofiirira. Maluwa amaluwa a bango amatha kumera limodzi mchombo kapena ngati belu lokongoletsa kwambiri.
Zomera zimagwidwa ndi mungu, kenako ziphuphu zowuma zomwe zimayamba kupsa. Mbewu zadontho zakuda zimapitilira kumera kwa zaka zitatu.
Mitundu yaminda
Fuko la cosmea silowonjezereka. Ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 24. Pachikhalidwe, mitundu yayikulu itatu yokha ndi mitundu yayikulu yokongoletsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cosmea wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Munda wotchuka pachaka umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owonda, katsabola kapena singano wamtundu wowala wobiriwira kapena maolivi. Kutalika kwa masamba owongoka kwambiri okhala ndi masamba 80-50 masentimita 80. Pamtambowo, mphukira, mabasiketi a inflorescence okhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa masentimita 7-10. Iliyonse imamera pamtengo wopanda maluwa. Malo otetezera amakhala ndi zokumbira zazikulu zachikasu. M'mphepete mwake muli maluwa angapo achikale, ofiira, ofiira kapena oyera ngati chipale. Pear yopapatiza yozungulira imakhala ndi mawondo kapena yopingasa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Ma puritas - mapesi amtundu wa film amathera ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa;
- Magetsi - ma petals okhala ndi mafutawo amakula mpaka m'mphepete, ndikupanga bwalo lolimba, kufupi ndi pakati pa ma petals pali malo osiyana.
Cosmea sulfure chikasu. Mitundu ya thermophilic imakhala ndi mphukira zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Zigawo zamtunduwu ndizofanana. Amapaka utoto wakuda. Zomera mpaka 1.5 m zimatsirizidwa ndi maluwa owala a lalanje okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 5 cm. Pakatikati pake ndimtali komanso wokulirapo kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu. Muli ndi maluwa achikatikati agolide okhala ndi ma anthers amdima pamwamba. Mtundu wa inflorescence umazunguliridwa ndi miyala yooneka ngati malalanje yooneka bwino. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Bilbo - maluwa agolide-lalanje awiri-pachimake amayambira kutalika pafupifupi 50 cm;
- Diablo - limatulutsa maluwa owoneka bwino ofiira.
Cosmea ndi magazi ofiira. Zosiyanasiyana zimawoneka zachilendo kwambiri, chifukwa cha maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi miyala ya maroon komanso pakati wakuda. Pamwamba pa pamakhala matte, ngati kuti ndi velvety. Pak maluwa, fungo lokoma la chokoleti limafalikira pamwamba pa maluwa. Pansi pa maluwa pamitengo pali zobiriwira zakuda, masamba osasenda.
Posachedwa, pali mitundu yambiri ndi maluwa osalala omwe amaphatikiza pansi pa dzina terry cosmea. Mu gulu lovomerezeka, gululi silimayimiridwanso ngati mitundu. Komabe, ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Ladybug - chitsamba mpaka 30 cm wamtali wamtunda wachikasu, ofiira kapena lalanje wocheperako kawiri wokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 7 cm;
- Dzuwa Ladzuwa - maluwa owala achikasu achikasu pamwamba pa chowombelera chotsika cha emerald;
- Pink Valley - kuwala kwa pinki inflorescence kozungulira kutalika kwa 10 masentimita kumakhala ndi mizere ingapo, yofupikitsidwa mpaka pakatikati pa mapiri.
Kulima cosmei
M'malo otentha, ngakhale kosmey yosatha imalima ngati pachaka, motero, imawonedwa ngati njira yotsika mtengo yobala mbeu. Amaloledwa kufesa mbewu panthaka kapena mbande zisanafike kale. Mukabzala cosmea m'munda, maluwa sadzayamba kale kuposa kumapeto kwa Julayi. Chisanu chikangosungunuka, konzekerani mabowo osaya. Mbewu zimagawidwa m'magulu a ma PC atatu. yotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Amatseka mpaka pakuya masentimita 1. Mutabzala, nthaka imathiriridwa bwino. Pambuyo pake, mbande zimasamalidwa ngati mbewu zachikulire. Pokhapokha, kuthirira kuyenera kusamala kuti musasambe mbeu m'nthaka. Malo onenepa kwambiri ndi ochepa pang'ono.
Ndi kukula m'malo amodzi, cosmea imapereka kudzilimbitsa kokwanira. Pankhaniyi, sikofunikira kuti mwabzala makamaka mu masika, chifukwa mbewu zazing'ono zimangodziwoneka zokha. Ndikokwanira kuzichepetsa ndikuwapatsa malo omwe akufuna.
Ngati mukuyamba kubzala mbande, ndiye kuti maluwa oyamba a cosmea amatha kuwoneka kale koyambirira kwa June. Kuti izi zitheke, njere zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi osaya ndi mchenga wa peat m'masiku khumi oyambirira a Marichi. Zimakanikizidwa pang'ono m'nthaka kuti kuwala kugwere pamsika. Kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2. Mbewuzo zikakula pang'onopang'ono, amazidulira mu bokosi lina lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa masentimita 10-15.
Nthangala zitha kufalitsidwanso ndi ma tubers ndi ma cuttings. Tubers amakumba mu kugwa, olekanitsidwa ndi kusungidwa yonse yozizira mu chapansi chonyowa utuchi. Chapakatikati amabzalidwa m'mundamo. Zidula zimadulidwa ndikazika mizu panja chilimwe.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Mbande zimasunthidwa kumalo omera kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe ngozi yobwerera chisanu idzalekeka. Mitundu yonse ya cosmea simalola kutentha, ndipo mbewu zazing'ono ndizomvera kwambiri kuzizira. Mukabzala, kutalika kwa mbewu kumayenera kufika 6 cm kapena kupitilira.
Cosmey ndibzalidwe m'malo otentha, dzuwa. Kukonzekera kwamphamvu ndi mafunde amphepo kumatha kuthyola zopondaponda. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi komanso yopepuka, popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Mulingo woyenera wosalowerera kapena pang'ono asidi. Panthaka yaconde kwambiri, msipu umakula bwino, ndipo maluwa adzachepa.
Maenje osaya ndi okonzeka kubzala ndi mtunda kutengera kutalika kwa mitundu (pafupifupi 30-35 cm). Mutabzala, mbewu zimathiriridwa bwino. M'makalasi apamwamba, muyenera kuganizira za garter kapena zothandizira. Pakalipano mutha kukumba pamtengo ndi kukoka ndodo. Kupanga nthambi zoyenda bwino, kuzitsina.
Cosmea simagwira chinyontho, choncho muyenera kuthilira madzi ambiri komanso mokwanira. M'masiku otentha, nthawi 1-2 pa sabata, zidebe za 4-5 zamadzizo zimathiridwa pansi pa chitsamba. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa pafupipafupi kuti ithyole kutumphuka pambuyo kuthirira. Muyeneranso kuchotsa namsongole. Zomera zazing'ono, kukula kwawo kumayamba kuchepa.
Kuyambira chiyambi cha chilimwe, nthawi 1-2 pamwezi cosmea imakidwa ndi maluwa ochulukitsa ("Bud"). Njira yothetsera vutoli siyokwanira kuthiridwa mu mizu, komanso kuthiridwa pamwamba pamasamba. Kuvala kwapamwamba pang'ono kapena organic kumapangidwa kangapo pamnyengo (Agricola, superphosphate, manyowa owola). Feteleza wotereyu ndikofunika kokha munthaka zatha.
Kuti pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo muzidulira mitengo yowonongeka. Kenako masamba atsopano adzawonekera m'malo mwawo. Kumagawo akum'mwera, pofuna kusunga cosmea nthawi yachisanu, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chotsani gawo lapansi pansi kapena musachokere mpaka 15cm masentimita. Amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa masamba wakugwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, malo okhala ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti mphukira zisasokonekera. M'madera ambiri akumpoto, dimba limakumbidwa ndipo mbali zonse za chomera zimachotsedwa pakati pa nthawi yophukira.
Ubwino wa cosmea ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana kwa tiziromboti. M'minda yowirira kwambiri, nkhono ndi ma slgs nthawi zina zimakhala. Amasonkhanitsidwa ndimanja, ndikuwabalaliranso pansi ngati phulusa ndi zotchingira mazira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Mitengo ya maluwa otseguka ndi maluwa opepuka amawoneka okongola kulikonse. Cosmey ikhoza kumtunda mumsewu limodzi ndi mpanda, poyimitsa, m'munda wamaluwa. Fungo lonunkha lozama limafalikira mabasiketi owala. Imapangidwa tchire ndi mitengo, komanso yobzalidwa pakati pa masamba. Mwamwayi, kukongola kumapindulitsanso. Imasanduliza mundawo kukhala dimba la maluwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo wokhala ndi masamba osakhwima amateteza masamba ku dzuwa lotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwala kokwanira kumadutsa masamba a zingwe.
Pabedi la maluwa, mmerowo suli wankhanza konse. Cosmey amaphatikizidwa ndi daisies, mallow, maluwa, geraniums, asters, calendula, alissum, cloves, salvia kapena mabelu. Mukamasankha malo ndi oyandikana nawo pamaluwa, mtundu wa ma petals ndi kutalika kwa chomera amakumbukiridwa. Itha kubzalidwe m'maluwa amaluwa ndikubweretsa m'chipinda cha dzinja.
